v. 구현하다, 상징하다
As art embodies the formless and constantly changing multiplicity of ideas.
integrate
v. 흡수하다, 통합시키다
Our lifestyles quickly adapt and we integrate them into our everyday lives.
inured
a. 익숙해진, 단련된
We become inured to these new technologies.
implement
v. 시행하다, 구현하다
Art implements them in ways that wander from their initial, intended uses.
quotidian
a. 일상적인
Art shifts and renews our perspectives on what has become quotidian.
proliferation
n. 급증, 확산
Kinetic art emerged as a response to the increasing proliferation of industrial technologies.
embrace
v. 포괄하다, 아우르다
It embraces a number of different art forms, media types, and styles.
dynamic
a. 역동적인
This dynamic art form has its origins in the Dadaist and Constructivist movements.
in reference to
~에 관하여
They are credited with first using the actual word “kinetic” in reference to the visual arts.
oscillate
v. 진동하다, 왕복하다
Gabo presented an electrically powered strip of wire which oscillated rapidly from side to side.
suspend
v. 걸다, 매달다
He created a range of suspended geometrically-shaped objects.
exponent
n. 옹호자, 주창자
Alexander Calder became the leading exponent of moving sculpture.
stationary
a. 정지된, 움직이지 않는
His stabiles are enormous sculptures that, while stationary, suggest a powerful dynamism.
flourish
v. 번영하다, 번창하다
kinetic art flourished throughout the period from 1960 to 1975.
anthropomorphic
a. 의인화된 Anthropomorphic assemblages of motors and light fused with brightly colored metal wheels were among his first signature pieces.
garner
v. 얻다
Its practitioners garnered international recognition.
avant-garde
a. 전위적인
The avant-garde spirit waned.
ethos
n. (특정 집단·사회의) 기풍, 정신
The anti-establishment ethos was further eroded.
inspiration
n. 영감
Creators keep extracting inspiration from it.
emphasis
n. 중점, 강조
Robotic art carries on kinetic art’s emphasis on actual movement.
prompt
v. 촉구하다, 유발하다
It conveys strong social messages by prompting viewers to question the relationship between humans and the technology.
engagement
n. 참여, 관련
Other new forms of art have been inspired by kinetic art’s engagement with technology.
contemporary
a. 동시대의, 현대적인
Other new forms of art have introduced contemporary technological developments into the art world.
thought-provoking
a. 생각을 일깨우는
These new art forms have produced some of the most innovative and thought-provoking pieces.
go under the hammer
경매로 팔리다
Marcel Duchamp’s famous Bicycle Wheel from 1913 went under the hammer for $1.6 million back in 2002.
well
n. 근원, 원천; 우물
Kinetic art serves as a well of inspiration for future generations.
perpetual
a. 끊임없이 계속되는
The perpetual motion of kineticism keeps on going.
undiminished
a. 줄어들지 않은
The legacy of kinetic art remains undiminished.
ensemble
n. 합주단
Sinawi is a musical genre performed by an instrumental ensemble.
improvisation
n. 즉흥 연주
The genre requires the most extensive improvisation among Korean musical genres.
showcase
v. 돋보이게 하다, 공개하다
The genre showcases the expertise of the musicians.
vocable
n. (소리의 구성에서 본) 말, 단어
A singer sometimes joins the ensemble singing non-lexical vocables called gueum.
descendant
n. 후손, 자손
The shaman-musicians were principally the male descendants of a shaman family
virtuosic
a. 고도의 기술을 보여 주는
Sinawi instrumentalists developed virtuosic musical and improvisatory techniques.
secular
a. 세속적인
It became a secular professional musical genre in the 19th century.
variant
n. 변종, 이형
There are four regional variants of sinawi.
percussion
n. 타악기
Another version of sinawi performed with the taepyeongso and percussion has recently evolved.
idiom
n. 표현 양식
Gyeonggi and Namdo sinawi share the same musical idiom.
scale
n. 음계
Yukjabaegi-tori consists of the basic scale degrees of mi, sol, la, do-ti, and re.
instrumentation
n. 기악법
Gyeonggi and Namdo sinawi differ from one another in terms of their rhythm and instrumentation.
meter
n. 박자
One of the most common dances, called salpuri, is in a 12/8 meter.
representative
a. 대표하는
Sinawi became a representative stage performance genre independent of its local religious context.
modal
a. (음악) 음계의
Sinawi came to be a “fixed” form with specific rhythmic and modal schemes.
spontaneous
a. 자발적인, 자연스러운
The performance of sinawi depends on the highly developed, spontaneous creativity of the musicians.
moderate
a. 보통의, 중간의
Sinawi usually begins with a slow jinyangjo in an 18/8 meter and gradually progresses to a moderate jungmori in a 12/4 meter.
configuration
n. 배열, 배치
Within the prescribed jangdan framework and modal configuration, the melody flows with heterophonic and polyphonic lines.
extemporization
n. 즉흥 연주
The prescribed rhythmic patterns and modal configuration are only points of reference for the extemporization that continues throughout the performance.
juxtaposition
n. 병렬, 병치
The melodi juxtapositions in sinawi are highly unpredictable.
stock
a. 상투적인, 흔한
Each player has a varied number of stock melodic motifs or phrases.
interweave
v. 뒤섞다
The aesthetic quality of sinawi is based on how well the musicians can interweave their individual performances.
potential
n. 가능성, 잠재력
Performers have shown that there is great potential for successful fusion of sinawi and Western musical genres like jazz.
exhilarating
a. 아주 신나는
A virtuosic cadenza is often a part of the exhilarating performance.
inherent
a. 내재하는
The improvisational element inherent in sinawi makes it a highly relevant art form in our contemporary world.
collaboration
n. 공동 작업
Sinawi has proved in numerous collaborations worldwide that it has the potential to touch people’s emotions regardless of their background.
succumb
v. 굴복하다
Its versatility and adaptability have allowed it to be less likely to succumb to the
gnawing effects of time.
domestic
a. 국내적인
Sinawi is likely to continue to reach beyond its domestic boundaries.
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