Dear Sue Smith,

We are concerned that we have not heard from you since we sent you the selections you chose when you joined the Club. As you know, the payment is always due when you receive your selections. Because we have not received the payment, we have suspended your membership privileges. Don’t miss out on all the benefits your membership offers you: the widest selection of music, great discounts and more! Please return the bottom portion of this letter with your check in the enclosed envelope. Send us your payment today. Paying promptly will restore your membership to good standing.

Sincerely,
Larry Cook
① 지불해야  할  돈의  납부를  요청하려고
② 구매한  제품의  반품  방법을  알리려고
③ 회원의  자격  요건에  대해  안내하려고
④ 회원  자격이  회복되었음을  통보하려고
⑤ 회비를  인상하게  된  이유를  설명하려고

On December 6th, I arrived at University Hospital in Cleveland at 10:00 a.m. I went through the process of admissions. I grew anxious because the time for surgery was drawing closer. I was directed to the waiting area, where I remained until my name was called. I had a few hours of waiting time. I just kept praying. At some point in my ongoing prayer process, before my name was called, in the midst of the chaos, an unbelievable peace embraced me. All my fear disappeared! An unbelievable peace overrode my emotions. My physical body relaxed in the comfort provided, and I looked forward to getting the surgery over with and working hard at recovery.
① cheerful→sad
② worried→relieved
③ angry→ashamed
④ jealous→thankful
⑤ hopeful→disappointed

You are far more likely to eat what you can see in plain view. Organize the foods in your kitchen so the best choices are most visible and easily accessible. It also helps to hide poor choices in inconvenient places. An even better idea is to simply get rid of anything with low nutritional value that you may be tempted to eat. Put fruits, vegetables, and other healthy options at eye level in your refrigerator, or leave them out on the table. Even when you aren’t hungry, simply seeing these items will plant a seed in your mind for your next snack. Also consider taking small bags of nuts, fruits, or vegetables with you when you are away from home. That way, you can satisfy a mid­-afternoon craving even if no good options are available.
*craving: 갈망, 욕구
① 음식은  먹고  싶은  양보다  적게  섭취해야  한다.
② 음식물이  남지  않도록  계획을  세워  조리해야  한다.
③ 위생을  고려해  냉장고를  정기적으로  청소해야  한다.
④ 몸에  좋은  음식은  찾기  쉽고  가까운  곳에  두어야  한다.
⑤ 식품을  구매하기  전에  반드시  유통기한을  확인해야  한다.

Playing any game that involves more than one person teaches kids teamwork, the consequences of cheating, and how to be a good team player whether they win or lose. It’s not hard to see how those skills make it into the daily lives of kids. But like all things we hope to teach our children, learning to cooperate or to compete fairly takes practice. Humans aren’t naturally good at losing, so there will be tears, yelling, and cheating, but that’s okay. The point is, playing games together helps kids with their socialization. It allows them a safe place to practice getting along, following rules, and learning how to be graceful in defeat.
① 경쟁과  협동은  똑같은  내적  동기에서  유발된다.
② 운동  후에는  충분한  휴식을  취하는  것이  중요하다.
③ 아이들이  편히  놀  수  있는  안전한  장소가  필요하다.
④ 스포츠에서  심리적  요인이  점점  더  중요해지고  있다.
⑤ 둘  이상이  하는  경기는  아이의  사회화에  도움을  준다.

The public growth of the Internet began in the 1990s, as increasing numbers of computers came into homes and workplaces. The first online newspaper was published in the US and the Chicago-­based Tribune was among the first titles to put its content online, in 1991. As the decade progressed, software developments made the task of creating online content quicker and cheaper—between 1995 and 1998, the number of US dailies on the web grew from 175 to 750. Newspapers in the UK followed the same pattern: in 1994, the Sunday Times became the UK’s first newspaper to have an online edition and a few months later the Daily Telegraph launched the Electronic Telegraph, Europe’s first online daily.
① the  early  history  of  online  newspapers
② the  bad  effects  of  the  Internet  on  youth
③ the  disadvantage  of  delivering  news  online
④ the  efforts  of  newspapers  to  reduce  errors
⑤ the  effectiveness  of  different  news  formats

Each spring in North America, the early morning hours are filled with the sweet sounds of songbirds, such as sparrows and robins. While it may seem like these birds are simply singing songs, many are in the middle of an intense competition for territories. For many birds, this struggle could ultimately decide whom they mate with and if they ever raise a family. When the birds return from their winter feeding grounds, the males usually arrive first. Older, more dominant males will reclaim their old territories: a tree, shrub, or even a window ledge. Younger males will try to challenge the older ones for space by mimicking the song that the older males are singing. The birds that can sing the loudest and the longest usually wind up with the best territories.
*ledge: 선반 모양의 공간
① Harmony  Brings  Peace
② Great  Waves  of  Migration
③ Singing  for  a  Better  Home
④ An  Endless  Journey  for  Food
⑤ Too  Much  Competition  Destroys  All

The graph above shows the leading outdoor watersport activities by number of participants in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2014 to 2015. ①In 2015, the number of participants in outdoor swimming decreased compared to the previous year. ②In 2015, the most popular outdoor watersport activity was coastal walking. ③In 2014, the number of participants in any boating activity was more than twice the number of participants in canoeing. ④In 2015, the number of participants in canoeing slightly decreased from the previous year, but it was more than the number of participants in angling in 2015. ⑤The number of participants in angling in 2015 more than doubled compared to the previous year.

Grant Wood grew up on a farm and drew with whatever materials could be spared. Often he used charcoal from the wood fire to sketch on a leftover piece of brown paper. He was only ten when his father died, and his mother moved the family to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where Wood went to school. He studied part­time at the State University of Iowa and attended night classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. When he was 32, he went to Paris to study at the Académie Julian. In 1927, he traveled to Munich, Germany, where some of the most accomplished artists of the period were working. While there, he saw German and Flemish artworks that influenced him greatly, especially the work of Jan van Eyck. After that trip, his style changed to reflect the realism of those painters.
① 남은  종이  위에  숯을  사용하여  스케치하기도  했다.
② 열  살  때  아버지가  돌아가셨다.
③ 대학에서  시간제로  공부를  한  적이  있다.
④ Jan  van  Eyck의  작품에서  영향을  받았다.
⑤ 독일  여행  후에  사실주의  화풍에서  벗어났다.

Science Showcase Video Contest

Create a video that effectively communicates a specific aspect of science and is informative for a broad public audience. Videos should be submitted between June 1 and August 31. Winners will be announced in early October.

Up to $2,000 in Prize Money

Guidelines:  
*One or two entries per individual  
*Submit the following to scienceshowcase@kmail.com:
‒ the title of your video
‒ your name and phone number
‒ a download link to your video  
*No restrictions on style of video

For more information, please visit our website:
www.scienceshowcase.org.
① 8월  31일까지  영상물을  제출해야  한다.
② 수상자는  10월  초에  발표한다.
③ 상금은  2,000달러까지  수여된다.
④ 출품작은  1인당  한  편으로  제한된다.
⑤ 영상물의  형식에는  제한이  없다.

2018 Secret Garden Tour

We hope you’ll join us for 2018 Secret Garden Tour, a self-­guided journey through private residences with beautiful gardens.  

When: Sunday, April 15, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.  
Where: Rivertown’s East End  
Price: $40
(Advance tickets are $36 and available online.)

‒ The tour includes 12 gardens, all within walking distance to each other.
‒ Guests are invited to view the Art of the Garden exhibition.

We offer free parking on the day of the tour. The parking lot opens at 9 a.m.

For more information, please visit
www.secretgardentour.org.
① 전체  투어를  가이드가  안내한다.
② 일요일에  총  다섯  시간  동안  진행된다.
③ 사전에  표를  구입하면  10달러를  할인해  준다.
④ 12개의  정원을  둘러  볼  수  있다.
⑤ 주차비가  부과되며  주차장은  오전  9시에  연다.

Although sports nutrition is a fairly new academic discipline, there have always been recommendations ①made to athletes about foods that could enhance athletic performance. One ancient Greek athlete is reported to ②have eaten dried figs to enhance training. There are reports that marathon runners in the 1908 Olympics drank cognac to improve performance. The teenage running phenomenon, Mary Decker, surprised the sports world in the 1970s when she reported ③that she ate a plate of spaghetti noodles the night before a race. Such practices may be suggested to athletes ④because of their real or perceived benefits by individuals who excelled in their sports. Obviously, some of these practices, such as drinking alcohol during a marathon, are no longer recommended, but others, such as a high­carbohydrate meal the night before a competition, ⑤has stood the test of time.
*discipline: (학문의) 분야
**phenomenon: 천재

Although instances occur in which partners start their relationship by telling everything about themselves to each other, such instances are ①rare. In most cases, the amount of disclosure ②increases over time. We begin relationships by revealing relatively little about ourselves; then if our first bits of self­disclosure are well received and bring on similar responses from the other person, we’re ③reluctant to reveal more. This principle is important to remember. It would usually be a ④mistake to assume that the way to build a strong relationship would be to reveal the most private details about yourself when first making contact with another person. Unless the circumstances are unique, such baring of your soul would be ⑤likely to scare potential partners away rather than bring them closer.
*bare: 드러내다

Jack stopped the cycle of perfectionism that ①his son Mark was developing. Mark could not stand to lose at games by the time he was eight years old. Jack was contributing to Mark’s attitude by always letting him win at chess because ②he didn’t like to see Mark get upset and cry. One day, Jack realized it was more important to allow Mark some experience with losing, so ③he started winning at least half the games. Mark was upset at first, but soon began to win and lose with more grace. Jack felt a milestone had been reached one day when ④he was playing catch with Mark and threw a bad ball. Instead of getting upset about missing the ball, Mark was able to use ⑤his sense of humor and commented, “Nice throw, Dad. Lousy catch, Mark.”
*milestone: 중대한 시점

Most importantly, money needs to be ______________ in a predictable way. Precious metals have been desirable as money across the millennia not only because they have intrinsic beauty but also because they exist in fixed quantities. Gold and silver enter society at the rate at which they are discovered and mined; additional precious metals cannot be produced, at least not cheaply. Commodities like rice and tobacco can be grown, but that still takes time and resources. A dictator like Zimbabwe’s Robert Mugabe could not order the government to produce 100 trillion tons of rice. He was able to produce and distribute trillions of new Zimbabwe dollars, which is why they eventually became more valuable as toilet paper than currency.
*intrinsic: 내재적인
① invested
② scarce
③ transferred
④ divisible
⑤ deposited

In one experiment, children were told they could have one marshmallow treat if they chose to eat it immediately, but two treats if they waited. Most of the children, who ranged in age from 4 to 8, chose to wait, but the strategies they used differed significantly. The 4­-year-­olds often chose to look at the marshmallows while waiting, a strategy that was not terribly effective. In contrast, 6-­ and 8-­year­-olds used language to help overcome temptation, although in different ways. The 6-­year-­olds spoke and sang to themselves, reminding themselves they would get more treats if they waited. The 8-­year­-olds focused on aspects of the marshmallows unrelated to taste, such as appearance, which helped them to wait. In short, children used “self­talk” to ______________________.
① change  their  habit
② get  more  things  done
③ regulate  their  behavior
④ build  their  self­esteem
⑤ improve  their  speaking  skills

The desire for fame has its roots in the __________________. No one would want to be famous who hadn’t also, somewhere in the past, been made to feel extremely insignificant. We sense the need for a great deal of admiring attention when we have been painfully exposed to earlier deprivation. Perhaps one’s parents were hard to impress. They never noticed one much, they were so busy with other things, focusing on other famous people, unable to have or express kind feelings, or just working too hard. There were no bedtime stories and one’s school reports weren’t the subject of praise and admiration. That’s why one dreams that one day the world will pay attention. When we’re famous, our parents will have to admire us too.
① spread  of  media
② experience  of  neglect
③ freedom  from  authority
④ curiosity  about  the  unknown
⑤ misunderstanding  of  popularity

When the late Theodore Roosevelt came back from Africa, just after he left the White House in 1909, he made his first public appearance at Madison Square Garden. Before he would agree to make the appearance, he carefully arranged for nearly one thousand paid applauders to be scattered throughout the audience to applaud his entrance on the platform. For more than 15 minutes, these paid hand­-clappers made the place ring with their enthusiasm. The rest of the audience took up the suggestion and joined in for another quarter hour. The newspaper men present were literally swept off their feet by the tremendous applause given the American hero, and his name was emblazoned across the headlines of the newspapers in letters two inches high. Roosevelt _________________________.
*emblazon: 선명히 새기다
① understood  and  made  intelligent  use  of  personal  promotion
② made  public  policies  that  were  beneficial  to  his  people
③ knew  when  was  the  right  time  for  him  to  leave  office
④ saw  the  well­-being  of  his  supporters  as  the  top  priority
⑤ didn’t  appear  before  the  public  in  an  arranged  setting

In addition to controlling temperatures when handling fresh produce, control of the atmosphere is important. ①Some moisture is needed in the air to prevent dehydration during storage, but too much moisture can encourage growth of molds. ②Some commercial storage units have controlled atmospheres, with the levels of both carbon dioxide and moisture being regulated carefully. ③Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant. ④Sometimes other gases, such as ethylene gas, may be introduced at controlled levels to help achieve optimal quality of bananas and other fresh produce. ⑤Related to the control of gases and moisture is the need for some circulation of air among the stored foods.
*dehydration: 탈수
**controlled atmosphere:
저온 저장과 함께 공기의 농도를 조절하는 장치

Studies show that no one is “born” to be an entrepreneur and that everyone has the potential to become one.

(A) These traits are developed over time and evolve from an individual’s social context. For example, people with parents who were self­-employed are more likely to become entrepreneurs.

(B) Whether someone does or doesn’t is a function of environment, life experiences, and personal choices. However, there are personality traits and characteristics commonly associated with entrepreneurs.

(C) After witnessing a father’s or mother’s independence in the workplace, an individual is more likely to find independence appealing. Similarly, people who personally know an entrepreneur are more than twice as likely to be involved in starting a new firm as those with no entrepreneur acquaintances or role models.

*entrepreneur: 기업가
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

According to the consulting firm McKinsey, knowledge workers spend up to 60 percent of their time looking for information, responding to emails, and collaborating with others.

(A) Think of it as the robot­-assisted human, given superpowers through the aid of technology. Our jobs become enriched by relying on robots to do the tedious while we work on increasingly more sophisticated tasks.

(B) The solution is to enable people to work smarter, not just by saying it, but by putting smart tools and improved processes in place so that people can perform at enhanced levels.

(C) By using social technologies, those workers can become up to 25 percent more productive. The need for productivity gains through working harder and longer has a limit and a human toll.

*tedious: 지루한, 싫증 나는
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

However, this solution does not work in all situations because we also become increasingly sensitive to glare.

Two major kinds of age-­related structural changes occur in the eye. One is a decrease in the amount of light that passes through the eye, resulting in the need for more light to do tasks such as reading. (①) As you might suspect, this change is one reason why older adults do not see as well in the dark, which may account in part for their reluctance to go places at night. (②) One possible logical response to the need for more light would be to increase illumination levels in general. (③) In addition, our ability to adjust to changes in illumination, called adaptation, declines. (④) Going from outside into a darkened movie theater involves dark adaptation; going back outside involves light adaptation. (⑤) Research indicates that the time it takes for both types of adaptation increases with age.
*illumination: 조도, 조명

A clay pot is an example of a material artifact, which, although transformed by human activity, is not all that far removed from its natural state.

By acting on either natural or artificial resources, through techniques, we alter them in various ways. (①) Thus we create artifacts, which form an important aspect of technologies. (②) A plastic cup, a contact lens, and a computer chip, on the other hand, are examples of artifacts that are far removed from the original states of the natural resources needed to create them. (③) Artifacts can serve as resources in other technological processes. (④) This is one of the important interaction effects within the technological system. (⑤) In other words, each new technology increases the stock of available tools and resources that can be employed by other technologies to produce new artifacts.
*artifact: 가공품

Despite all the talk of how weak intentions are in the face of habits, it’s worth emphasizing that much of the time even our strong habits do follow our intentions. We are mostly doing what we intend to do, even though it’s happening automatically. This probably goes for many habits: although we perform them without bringing the intention to consciousness, the habits still line up with our original intentions. Even better, our automatic, unconscious habits can keep us safe even when our conscious mind is distracted. We look both ways before crossing the road despite thinking about a rather depressing holiday we took in Brazil, and we put oven gloves on before reaching into the oven despite being preoccupied about whether the cabbage is overcooked. In both cases, our goal of keeping ourselves alive and unburnt is served by our automatic, unconscious habits.

The habitual acts we automatically do are related to our ____(A)____ and these acts can be helpful in keeping us from ____(B)____ in our lives.
① intention  -  danger
② intention  -  ignorance
③ mood      -    danger
④ experience              -        laziness
⑤ experience        -  ignorance

Mary is an interior designer. A friend of hers bought a house that needed to be renovated, and had asked her to do the interior decoration. Mary wanted the interior of the house to look attractive. However, she would ignore safety standards and would not listen to other contractors, if she did not think their proposals fit her ideals. For all the home products she picked for the house, her main concern was whether they looked attractive, not whether they were effective or reliable. She chose a fancy­looking door lock, against the advice of the locksmith who did not think it was dependable. As a consequence, a year later, it was necessary to change the door lock, as there was difficulty opening the lock with the key.
In addition, she picked toilets in an upscale model and design. However, the homeowner later found out that the toilet handle must be held down to complete the flushing action. The plumber was not able to adjust the lever inside the toilet tank to fix the problem.
Mary prefers to think that she is always right. She chooses information that fits her ______________ , and ignores other people’s recommendations. However, when facing a problem, we should always have an open mind, and should consider all relevant information. We definitely should not let our prejudice and emotion take the better part of us.
① Be  Practical  Rather  Than  Ideal
② Don’t  Give  Up  under  Pressure
③ Deal  with  the  Problem  Now
④ Think  about  Short­Term  Profits
⑤ Equate  the  Inside  with  the  Outside

Mary is an interior designer. A friend of hers bought a house that needed to be renovated, and had asked her to do the interior decoration. Mary wanted the interior of the house to look attractive. However, she would ignore safety standards and would not listen to other contractors, if she did not think their proposals fit her ideals. For all the home products she picked for the house, her main concern was whether they looked attractive, not whether they were effective or reliable. She chose a fancy­looking door lock, against the advice of the locksmith who did not think it was dependable. As a consequence, a year later, it was necessary to change the door lock, as there was difficulty opening the lock with the key.
In addition, she picked toilets in an upscale model and design. However, the homeowner later found out that the toilet handle must be held down to complete the flushing action. The plumber was not able to adjust the lever inside the toilet tank to fix the problem.
Mary prefers to think that she is always right. She chooses information that fits her ______________ , and ignores other people’s recommendations. However, when facing a problem, we should always have an open mind, and should consider all relevant information. We definitely should not let our prejudice and emotion take the better part of us.
① liking
② future
③ duty
④ budget
⑤ religion

(A) In May 1977, Leif Rongemo in Malmö, Sweden, returning from the kitchen to the living room of his third floor apartment, discovered that the casement window was open and his two­year­old daughter was missing from the living room. When he looked outside, he saw the street thirty­six feet below ― and (a) his little daughter crawling on all fours along a narrow concrete ledge that circled the building. (b) He tried not to let out a cry of alarm to avoid startling her, because an extraordinary kind of rescue was already under way.
* casement: 여닫이 창(문)

(B) He called his wife to help from the window while (c) he rushed down to the street to try to catch the child. As the baby girl crawled farther away from the window and safety, the dog pushed forward determinedly and at last seized the child’s diaper in his jaws. To the amazement of those who had gathered on the street below ― they were attempting to create a net to catch the child ― the dog then moved carefully backwards, inch by inch, pulling the little girl back toward the window.

(C) Following just behind the baby girl was the family’s Alsatian dog, whining softly in distress. Both dog and daughter were far beyond reach and there was no room on the narrow ledge for either to turn around and crawl back to the window. The father quickly realized that if (d) he attempted to get on the ledge, all three would probably die.

(D) The heart­pounding backwards journey took three minutes, until the mother could snatch her child. The dog then leapt into the room, proudly wagging his tail. The family had been thinking of giving the dog to someone because they were concerned he might be too big to keep around a small child. His bold rescue of their daughter, however, made (e) him a most treasured member of the family.
① (B)－(D)－(C)
② (C)－(B)－(D)
③ (C)－(D)－(B)
④ (D)－(B)－(C)
⑤ (D)－(C)－(B)

(A) In May 1977, Leif Rongemo in Malmö, Sweden, returning from the kitchen to the living room of his third floor apartment, discovered that the casement window was open and his two­year­old daughter was missing from the living room. When he looked outside, he saw the street thirty­six feet below ― and (a) his little daughter crawling on all fours along a narrow concrete ledge that circled the building. (b) He tried not to let out a cry of alarm to avoid startling her, because an extraordinary kind of rescue was already under way.
* casement: 여닫이 창(문)

(B) He called his wife to help from the window while (c) he rushed down to the street to try to catch the child. As the baby girl crawled farther away from the window and safety, the dog pushed forward determinedly and at last seized the child’s diaper in his jaws. To the amazement of those who had gathered on the street below ― they were attempting to create a net to catch the child ― the dog then moved carefully backwards, inch by inch, pulling the little girl back toward the window.

(C) Following just behind the baby girl was the family’s Alsatian dog, whining softly in distress. Both dog and daughter were far beyond reach and there was no room on the narrow ledge for either to turn around and crawl back to the window. The father quickly realized that if (d) he attempted to get on the ledge, all three would probably die.

(D) The heart­pounding backwards journey took three minutes, until the mother could snatch her child. The dog then leapt into the room, proudly wagging his tail. The family had been thinking of giving the dog to someone because they were concerned he might be too big to keep around a small child. His bold rescue of their daughter, however, made (e) him a most treasured member of the family.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A) In May 1977, Leif Rongemo in Malmö, Sweden, returning from the kitchen to the living room of his third floor apartment, discovered that the casement window was open and his two­year­old daughter was missing from the living room. When he looked outside, he saw the street thirty­six feet below ― and (a) his little daughter crawling on all fours along a narrow concrete ledge that circled the building. (b) He tried not to let out a cry of alarm to avoid startling her, because an extraordinary kind of rescue was already under way.
* casement: 여닫이 창(문)

(B) He called his wife to help from the window while (c) he rushed down to the street to try to catch the child. As the baby girl crawled farther away from the window and safety, the dog pushed forward determinedly and at last seized the child’s diaper in his jaws. To the amazement of those who had gathered on the street below ― they were attempting to create a net to catch the child ― the dog then moved carefully backwards, inch by inch, pulling the little girl back toward the window.

(C) Following just behind the baby girl was the family’s Alsatian dog, whining softly in distress. Both dog and daughter were far beyond reach and there was no room on the narrow ledge for either to turn around and crawl back to the window. The father quickly realized that if (d) he attempted to get on the ledge, all three would probably die.

(D) The heart­pounding backwards journey took three minutes, until the mother could snatch her child. The dog then leapt into the room, proudly wagging his tail. The family had been thinking of giving the dog to someone because they were concerned he might be too big to keep around a small child. His bold rescue of their daughter, however, made (e) him a most treasured member of the family.
① 아빠는  딸이  거실에서  사라진  것을  발견했다.
② 개가  아이의  기저귀를  입으로  물어서  붙잡았다.
③ 사람들이  아이가  떨어지면  받으려고  하고  있었다.
④ 개와  아이는  몸을  돌리기에  너무  좁은  곳에  있었다.
⑤ 아이와  함께  기를  수  없어서  개를  다른  집에  보냈다.