Dear Mrs. Coling,

My name is Susan Harris and I am writing on behalf of the students at Lockwood High School. Many students at the school have been working on a project about the youth unemployment problem in Lockwood. You are invited to attend a special presentation that will be held at our school auditorium on April 16th. At the presentation, students will propose a variety of ideas for developing employment opportunities for the youth within the community. As one of the famous figures in the community, we would be honored by your attendance. We look forward to seeing you there.

Sincerely,
Susan Harris

Finally, it was Shaun’s turn to give a speech. When he opened his mouth, nothing but air escaped his throat. Then he tried to speak again, not knowing what to say. He had prepared to talk about time and he started with the word: ‘Time....’ But nothing followed. Shaun could not find the words. Laughter started to pass through the auditorium from front to back. Even the judges looked disappointed. He didn’t know what to say. He looked into the crowd. The audience at the contest were laughing out loud now, at him, at his inability.

Recent studies show some interesting findings about habit formation. In these studies, students who successfully acquired one positive habit reported less stress; less impulsive spending; better dietary habits; decreased caffeine consumption; fewer hours spent watching TV; and even fewer dirty dishes. Keep working on one habit long enough, and not only does it become easier, but so do other things as well. It’s why those with the right habits seem to do better than others. They’re doing the most important thing regularly and, as a result, everything else is easier.

Noise in the classroom has negative effects on communication patterns and the ability to pay attention. Thus, it is not surprising that constant exposure to noise is related to children’s academic achievement, particularly in its negative effects on reading and learning to read. Some researchers found that, when preschool classrooms were changed to reduce noise levels, the children spoke to each other more often and in more complete sentences, and their performance on prereading tests improved. Research with older children suggests similar findings. On reading and math tests, elementary and high school students in noisy schools or classrooms consistently perform below those in quieter settings.

Studies from cities all over the world show the importance of life and activity as an urban attraction. People gather where things are happening and seek the presence of other people. Faced with the choice of walking down an empty or a lively street, most people would choose the street with life and activity. The walk will be more interesting and feel safer. Events where we can watch people perform or play music attract many people to stay and watch. Studies of benches and chairs in city space show that the seats with the best view of city life are used far more frequently than those that do not offer a view of other people.

Consumers are generally uncomfortable with taking high risks. As a result, they are usually motivated to use a lot of strategies to reduce risk. Consumers can collect additional information by conducting online research, reading news articles, talking to friends or consulting an expert. Consumers also reduce uncertainty by buying the same brand that they did the last time, believing that the product should be at least as satisfactory as their last purchase. In addition, some consumers may employ a simple decision rule that results in a safer choice. For example, someone might buy the most expensive offering or choose a heavily advertised brand in the belief that this brand has higher quality than other brands.

The above graph shows Americans’ average daily Internet usage time by device from 2011 to 2015. ①Overall, the total Internet usage time increased steadily from 2011 to 2015. ②In 2011, Internet usage time by mobiles was shorter than that by desktops or laptops. ③In 2012, however, Americans spent the same hours on mobiles as they did on desktops or laptops. ④In 2014, Internet usage time by mobiles was longer than that by desktops or laptops. ⑤In 2015, Americans spent an average of 5.6 hours a day on the Internet.

New technologies create new interactions and cultural rules. As a way to encourage TV viewing, social television systems now enable social interaction among TV viewers in different locations. These systems are known to build a greater sense of (A) connectedness/isolation among TV­-using friends. One field study focused on how five friends between the ages of 30-36 communicated while watching TV at their homes. The technology (B) allowed/forbade them to see which of the friends were watching TV and what they were watching. They chose how to communicate via social television—whether through voice chat or text chat. The study showed a strong preference for text over voice. Users offered two key reasons for (C) disliking/favoring text chat. First, text chat required less effort and attention, and was more enjoyable than voice chat. Second, study participants viewed text chat as more polite.

Take time to read the comics. This is worthwhile not just because they will make you laugh but ①because they contain wisdom about the nature of life. Charlie Brown and Blondie are part of my morning routine and help me ②to start the day with a smile. When you read the comics section of the newspaper, ③cutting out a cartoon that makes you laugh. Post it wherever you need it most, such as on your refrigerator or at work—so that every time you see it, you will smile and feel your spirit ④lifted. Share your favorites with your friends and family so that everyone can get a good laugh, too. Take your comics with you when you go to visit sick friends ⑤who can really use a good laugh.

Chuckwallas are fat lizards, usually 20-25cm long, though they may grow up to 45cm. They weigh about 1.5kg when mature. Most chuckwallas are mainly brown or black. Just after the annual molt, the skin is shiny. Lines of dark brown run along the back and continue down the tail. As the males grow older, these brown lines disappear and the body color becomes lighter; the tail becomes almost white. It is not easy to distinguish between male and female chuckwallas, because young males look like females and the largest females resemble males.
*molt: 탈피

Meghan Vogel was tired. She had just won the 2012 state championship in the 1,600-­meter race. She was so exhausted afterward that she was in last place toward the end of her next race, the 3,200 meters. As she came around the final turn in the long race, the runner in front of ①her, Arden McMath, fell to the ground. Vogel made a quick decision. ②She stopped and helped McMath to her feet. Together, they walked the last 30 meters. Vogel guided ③her to the finish line. And then she gave McMath a gentle push across it, just ahead of Vogel herself. “If you work hard to get to the state meet, you deserve to finish,” she said. Later, Vogel’s hometown held a parade in ④her honor. It wasn’t because of the race where she finished first. It was because of the race where ⑤she finished last.
*state meet: 주(州) 대회

In small towns the same workman makes chairs and doors and tables, and often the same person builds houses. And it is, of course, impossible for a man of many trades to be skilled in all of them. In large cities, on the other hand, because many people make demands on each trade, one trade alone—very often even less than a whole trade—is enough to support a man. For instance, one man makes shoes for men, and another for women. And there are places even where one man earns a living by only stitching shoes, another by cutting them out, and another by sewing the uppers together. Such skilled workers may have used simple tools, but their ______________ did result in more efficient and productive work.
*trade: 직종

About four billion years ago, molecules joined together to form cells. About two billion years later, cells joined together to form more complex cells. And then a billion years later, these more complex cells joined together to form multicellular organisms. All of these evolved because the participating individuals could, by working together, spread their genetic material in new and more effective ways. Fast­forward another billion years to our world, which is full of social animals, from ants to wolves to humans. The same principle applies. Ants and wolves in groups can do things that no single ant or wolf can do, and we humans, by __________________________, have become the earth’s dominant species.
*molecule: 분자

What do advertising and map­-making have in common? Without doubt the best answer is their shared need to communicate a limited version of the truth. An advertisement must create an image that’s appealing and a map must present an image that’s clear, but neither can meet its goal by ______________________________. Ads will cover up or play down negative aspects of the company or service they advertise. In this way, they can promote a favorable comparison with similar products or differentiate a product from its competitors. Likewise, the map must remove details that would be confusing.

Did you know you actually think in images and not in words? Images are simply mental pictures showing ideas and experiences. Early humans communicated their ideas and experiences to others for thousands of years by drawing pictures in the sand or on the walls of their caves. Only recently have humans created various languages and alphabets to symbolize these “picture” messages. Your mind has not yet adapted to this relatively new development. An image has a much greater impact on your brain than words; the nerves from the eye to the brain are twenty­-five times larger than the nerves from the ear to the brain. You often remember a person’s face but not his or her name, for example. The old saying, “ _____________________,” is true.

In negotiation, there often will be issues that you do not care about—but that the other side cares about very much! It is important to identify these issues.

(A) Now you are in a position to give her something that she values (at no cost to you) and get something of value in return. For example, you might start a month earlier and receive a larger bonus for doing so.

(B) Similarly, when purchasing my home, I discovered that the seller was very interested in closing the deal as soon as possible. So I agreed to close one month earlier than originally offered, and the seller agreed to a lower price.

(C) For example, you may not care about whether you start your new job in June or July. But if your potential boss strongly prefers that you start as soon as possible, that’s a valuable piece of information.

Andrew Carnegie, the great early-­twentieth­-century businessman, once heard his sister complain about her two sons.

(A) Within days he received warm grateful letters from both boys, who noted at the letters’ end that he had unfortunately forgotten to include the check. If the check had been enclosed, would they have responded so quickly?

(B) They were away at college and rarely responded to her letters. Carnegie told her that if he wrote them he would get an immediate response.

(C) He sent off two warm letters to the boys, and told them that he was happy to send each of them a check for a hundred dollars (a large sum in those days). Then he mailed the letters, but didn’t enclose the checks.
*enclose: 동봉하다

When you hit puberty, however, sometimes these forever-­friendships go through growing pains.

Childhood friends—friends you’ve known forever—are really special. (①) They know everything about you, and you’ve shared lots of firsts. (②) You find that you have less in common than you used to. (③) Maybe you’re into rap and she’s into pop, or you go to different schools and have different groups of friends. (④) Change can be scary, but remember: Friends, even best friends, don’t have to be exactly alike. (⑤) Having friends with other interests keeps life interesting—just think of what you can learn from each other.
*puberty: 사춘기

In return, the guest had duties to his host.

Geography influenced human relationships in Greece. Because the land made travel so difficult, the guest-­host relationship was valued. (①) If a stranger, even a poor man, appeared at your door, it was your duty to be a good host, to give him a shelter and share your food with him. (②) “We do not sit at a table only to eat, but to eat together,” said the Greek author Plutarch. (③) Dining was a sign of the human community and differentiated men from beasts. (④) These included not abusing his host’s hospitality by staying too long, usually not more than three days. (⑤) A violation of this relationship by either side brought human and divine anger.
*hospitality: 환대   **divine: 신(神)의

Today car sharing movements have appeared all over the world. In many cities, car sharing has made a strong impact on how city residents travel. ①Even in strong car­-ownership cultures such as North America, car sharing has gained popularity. ②In the U.S. and Canada, membership in car sharing now exceeds one in five adults in many urban areas. ③Strong influence on traffic jams and pollution can be felt from Toronto to New York, as each shared vehicle replaces around 10 personal cars. ④The best thing about driverless cars is that people won’t need a license to operate them. ⑤City governments with downtown areas struggling with traffic jams and lack of parking lots are driving the growing popularity of car sharing.

A large American hardware manufacturer was invited to introduce its products to a distributor with good reputation in Germany. Wanting to make the best possible impression, the American company sent its most promising young executive, Fred Wagner, who spoke fluent German. When Fred first met his German hosts, he shook hands firmly, greeted everyone in German, and even remembered to bow the head slightly as is the German custom. Fred, a very effective public speaker, began his presentation with a few humorous jokes to set a relaxed atmosphere. However, he felt that his presentation was not very well received by the German executives. Even though Fred thought he had done his cultural homework, he made one particular error. Fred did not win any points by telling a few jokes. It was viewed as too informal and unprofessional in a German business setting.
*distributor: 배급 업체

This story shows that using ____(A)____ in a business setting can be considered ____(B)____ in Germany.

글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?[/bold]

When someone has helped you, but has perhaps not done all that you requested, focus on what the person has done, not on what he hasn’t. Although this would seem to be morally obvious, many people are so caught up with their own _______________ that they ignore the good done for them.
A teacher once received a letter from a student, asking fourteen unrelated questions on a variety of subjects. The teacher wrote back a long reply in which he dealt with thirteen of the questions. He soon received a return letter from the student, who not only noted the omission, but expressed no thanks for what the teacher had written. Though the teacher was a man of great patience, he was hurt by the student’s behavior: “Not only was there no word of thanks, but at the beginning of your letter you reminded me that there was one of your questions to which I forgot to give an answer. Was that the proper beginning and response to a letter of ten pages?” He went on to tell the student: “I mention this not because I need your thanks, but because of my love for you and concern that you should not become a person who denies the good done for him.”
*omission: 누락된 것

글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점][/bold]

When someone has helped you, but has perhaps not done all that you requested, focus on what the person has done, not on what he hasn’t. Although this would seem to be morally obvious, many people are so caught up with their own _______________ that they ignore the good done for them.
A teacher once received a letter from a student, asking fourteen unrelated questions on a variety of subjects. The teacher wrote back a long reply in which he dealt with thirteen of the questions. He soon received a return letter from the student, who not only noted the omission, but expressed no thanks for what the teacher had written. Though the teacher was a man of great patience, he was hurt by the student’s behavior: “Not only was there no word of thanks, but at the beginning of your letter you reminded me that there was one of your questions to which I forgot to give an answer. Was that the proper beginning and response to a letter of ten pages?” He went on to tell the student: “I mention this not because I need your thanks, but because of my love for you and concern that you should not become a person who denies the good done for him.”
*omission: 누락된 것

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?[/bold]

밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?[/bold]

글의 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?[/bold]