v. 도전하다, 이의를 제기하다
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
as a result of
∙∙∙의 결과로서
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
globalization
n. 세계화
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
practice
n. 관습, 관행, 실행
The practice of eating a home-cooked meal for lunch continues.
delivery
n. 배달
In Mumbai, many people who work in offices far from home rely on an express food delivery service run by dabbawalas
rely on
∙∙∙에 의지[의존]하다
In Mumbai, many people who work in offices far from home rely on an express food delivery service run by dabbawalas.
destination
n. 목적지
Most dabbas, or lunches, reach their destination after passing through several pairs of hands.
typical
a. 전형적인, 대표적인
A typical scenario would have one person on a bicycle pick up a dabba by 9:00 a.m. from about thirty different addresses.
pick up
수거하다
A typical scenario would have one person on a bicycle pick up a dabba by 9:01 a.m. from about thirty different addresses.
assign
v. 할당하다, 부여하다
After collecting all of the dabbas assigned to him, he takes them to the nearest train station.
load
v. 싣다
Another person loads each dabba onto the right train, sending them off in different directions.
direction
n. 방향
Another person loads each dabba onto the right train, sending them off in different directions.
distribute
v. 분배하다, 나누어주다
Finally, a fourth person picks up the boxes at the receiving station and distributes them, again by bicycle, to each customerʼs office, all by 12:30 p.m.
procedure
n. 절차, 방법
The empty dabbas are picked up and are returned to their original addresses, following the same procedure in reverse.
in reverse
반대로
The empty dabbas are picked up and are returned to their original addresses, following the same procedure in reverse.
hire
v. 고용하다
The dabbawala service began around 1890, when a banker hired a young man to deliver a lunch box from his home to his Mumbai office.
expand
v. 확대되다
When demand for the service expanded, a businessman started the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
present
a. 현재의
When demand for the service expanded, a businessman started the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
middle-class
중산층(의)
Those who use the dabbawala service are mostly middle-class office workers who live in one of Mumbai’s suburbs.
suburb
n. 교외
Those who use the dabbawala service are mostly middle-class office workers who live in one of Mumbai’s suburbs.
packed
a. 만원의, (사람들로) 꽉 들어찬
They have to leave for the office early in the morning, riding on a packed train.
dietary
a. 식단의
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
restriction
n. 제한, 규제
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
depending upon
∙∙∙에 따라
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
religion
n. 종교
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
approximately
ad. 대략
Today approximately 5,000 dabbawalas cover 70 square kilometers in and around Mumbai.
conduct
v. (특정한 활동을) 하다
Dabbawalas conduct about 400,000 transactions daily.
transaction
n. 거래, 매매
Dabbawalas conduct about 400,000 transactions daily.
strife
n. 갈등, 불화, 다툼
Dabbawalas even deliver in the pouring rain and during political strife.
hardly
ad. 거의 ∙∙∙아니다[없다]
Surprisingly, hardly any cases of late or mistaken delivery are ever reported.
accuracy
n. 정확성
The dabbawalas are proud of their 99 99 percent accuracy rate, which means just one mistake in every six million deliveries.
considering
∙∙∙을 고려할 때
It is an amazing record, considering that most of the dabbawalas are illiterate.
illiterate
a. 글을 읽고 쓸 줄 모르는
It is an amazing record, considering that most of the dabbawalas are illiterate.
coding
n. 부호화, 암호화
The secret to this error-free system is in a coding system.
specific
a. 특정한
These codes tell the dabbawala where the food comes from and which railway stations it must pass through on its way to a specific office in Mumbai.
organization
n. 조직
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
outstanding
a. 뛰어난
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
efficient
a. 효율적인
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
distribution
n. 유통, 분배, 배분
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
operating cost
n. 운영비
The dabbawala organization is simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer satisfaction.
satisfaction
n. 만족(도)
The dabbawala organization is simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer satisfaction.
corporation
n. (큰 규모의) 기업[회사]
It is not surprising that business schools and large corporations around the world learn from the dabbawala system.
benefit
n. 혜택, 이점
Today, most people cannot imagine an efficient delivery system operating without the benefit of technology.
demonstrate
v. 입증하다
Dabbawalas demonstrate that with no form of technology, some of the old ways may still be the best ways.
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