고등 영어 YBM 한상호 레슨 2

cooperation

n. 협동, 협력
Cooperation is a process that started with the first single-celled creatures.

survival

n. 생존
Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” is universally regarded as a simple reality in the game of life.

fit

a. 적합한, 알맞은
Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” is universally regarded as a simple reality in the game of life.

be regarded as

~라고 간주되다
Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” is universally regarded as a simple reality in the game of life.

selfishness

n. 이기심
Successful play sometimes requires a degree of selfishness.

prevail

v. 널리 퍼져 있다, 우세하다
Cooperation prevails at every level of the animal kingdom.

inspiring

a. 영감을 주는, 고무적인
It is inspiring to see how animals cooperate to help each other.

observe

v. 관찰하다
Have you ever observed ants marching in and out of their nest?

remind ... of

...에게 ~를 상기시키다
It may have reminded you of a highway packed with cars.

occupy

v. 점유하다
Ants never get into a traffic jam, no matter how fast they move or how many of them occupy the road.

direction

n. 방향, 길
When there are a few ants moving in a single direction, some ants are likely to move slowly, some fast, and others even faster.

encounter

v. 우연히 만나다
There are times when ants leaving the nest for food encounter other ants coming back with food on their backs.

inbound

a. 들어오는, 귀항하는
When this happens, the inbound ants, the ones carrying a burden, always have the right of way.

outbound

a. 밖 [외국] 으로 나가는
Outbound ants turn to get out of the way, while inbound ants continue in a straight line.

arrangement

n. 합의, 배열
This arrangement makes sense because it is more difficult for inbound ants to change direction due to their heavy loads.

due to

~ 때문에
This arrangement makes sense because it is more difficult for inbound ants to change direction due to their heavy loads.

delivery

n. 배달, 전달
Following these rules and cooperating in this way, ants improve the traffic flow and make the delivery of food to the nest more efficient.

refer to

v. 언급하다, 표현하다
Tiny fish, which scientists refer to as “cleaners,” swim into the mouths of bigger fish, which are referred to as “clients.”

client

n. 고객
The cleaners get a meal, and the clients get a healthier mouth.

parasite

n. 기생 생물, 기생충
The cleaners eat parasites in the clients’ mouths.

instead of

~ 대신에
After the cleaners do their job, the clients let them go, instead of swallowing them.

swallow

v. 삼키다
After the cleaners do their job, the clients let them go, instead of swallowing them.

establish

v. 확립하다, 세우다
Once the cleaners and the clients establish trust, the clients want to cooperate with the cleaners and keep them around.

predator

n. 포식자
As more and more birds join the group, the predator becomes frightened and runs away.

frightened

a. 겁먹은
As more and more birds join the group, the predator becomes frightened and runs away.

aid

n. 도움, 구조
It is important to note that flycatchers go to the aid of another bird in danger only if that bird has helped other birds in the past.

refuse

v. 거절하다
They do not answer the calls of birds that have refused to help others before.

take over

v. 차지하다
Living things, from their beginnings more than three billion years ago, took over the planet by learning to cooperate.

plenty of

a. 많은
We human beings cooperate in plenty of ways, from lining up at a bus stop to sharing knowledge on a website.

foster

v. 증진시키다, 촉진하다
To foster cooperative success among humans, we should perhaps look to nature for inspiration.

cooperative

a. 협동하는, 협력적인
To foster cooperative success among humans, we should perhaps look to nature for inspiration.

look to

...에게 의지하다
To foster cooperative success among humans, we should perhaps look to nature for inspiration.

inspiration

n. 영감
To foster cooperative success among humans, we should perhaps look to nature for inspiration.