Dear Mr. Jones,

I am James Arkady, PR Director of KHJ Corporation. We are planning to redesign our brand identity and launch a new logo to celebrate our 10th anniversary. We request you to create a logo that best suits our company’s core vision, ‘To inspire humanity.’ I hope the new logo will convey our brand message and capture the values of KHJ. Please send us your logo design proposal once you are done with it. Thank you.

Best regards,
James Arkady
① 회사  로고  제작을  의뢰하려고
② 변경된  회사  로고를  홍보하려고
③ 회사  비전에  대한  컨설팅을  요청하려고
④ 회사  창립  10주년  기념품을  주문하려고
⑤ 회사  로고  제작  일정  변경을  공지하려고

One day, Cindy happened to sit next to a famous artist in a café, and she was thrilled to see him in person. He was drawing on a used napkin over coffee. She was looking on in awe. After a few moments, the man finished his coffee and was about to throw away the napkin as he left. Cindy stopped him. “Can I have that napkin you drew on?”, she asked. “Sure,” he replied. "Twenty thousand dollars.” She said, with her eyes wide-open, “What? It took you like two minutes to draw that.” “No,” he said. “It took me over sixty years to draw this.” Being at a loss, she stood still rooted to the ground.
① relieved  →  worried
② indifferent  →  embarrassed
③ excited  →  surprised
④ disappointed  →  satisfied
⑤ jealous  →  confident

Sometimes, you feel the need to avoid something that will lead to success out of discomfort. Maybe you are avoiding extra work because you are tired. You are actively shutting out success because you want to avoid being uncomfortable. Therefore, overcoming your instinct to avoid uncomfortable things at first is essential. Try doing new things outside of your comfort zone. Change is always uncomfortable, but it is key to doing things differently in order to find that magical formula for success.
① 불편할지라도  성공하기  위해서는  새로운  것을  시도해야  한다.
② 일과  생활의  균형을  맞추는  성공적인  삶을  추구해야  한다.
③ 갈등  해소를  위해  불편함의  원인을  찾아  개선해야  한다.
④ 단계별  목표를  설정하여  익숙한  것부터  도전해야  한다.
⑤ 변화에  적응하기  위해  직관적으로  문제를  해결해야  한다.

We have a tendency to interpret events selectively. If we want things to be “this way” or “that way” we can most certainly select, stack, or arrange evidence in a way that supports such a viewpoint. Selective perception is based on what seems to us to stand out. However, what seems to us to be standing out may very well be related to our goals, interests, expectations, past experiences, or current demands of the situation — “with a hammer in hand, everything looks like a nail.” This quote highlights the phenomenon of selective perception. If we want to use a hammer, then the world around us may begin to look as though it is full of nails!
① are  unwilling  to  stand  out
② make  our  effort  meaningless
③ intend  to  do  something  in  a  certain  way
④ hope  others  have  a  viewpoint  similar  to  ours
⑤ have  a  way  of  thinking  that  is  accepted  by  others

Rather than attempting to punish students with a low grade or mark in the hope it will encourage them to give greater effort in the future, teachers can better motivate students by considering their work as incomplete and then requiring additional effort. Teachers at Beachwood Middle School in Beachwood, Ohio, record students’ grades as A, B, C, or I (Incomplete). Students who receive an I grade are required to do additional work in order to bring their performance up to an acceptable level. This policy is based on the belief that students perform at a failure level or submit failing work in large part because teachers accept it. The Beachwood teachers reason that if they no longer accept substandard work, students will not submit it. And with appropriate support, they believe students will continue to work until their performance is satisfactory.
① 학생에게  평가  결과를  공개하는  것은  학습  동기를  떨어뜨린다.
② 학생에게  추가  과제를  부여하는  것은  학업  부담을  가중시킨다.
③ 지속적인  보상은  학업  성취도에  장기적으로  부정적인  영향을  준다.
④ 학생의  자기주도적  학습  능력은  정서적으로  안정된  학습  환경에서  향상된다.
⑤ 학생의  과제가  일정  수준에  도달하도록  개선  기회를  주면  동기부여에  도움이  된다.

Curiosity makes us much more likely to view a tough problem as an interesting challenge to take on. A stressful meeting with our boss becomes an opportunity to learn. A nervous first date becomes an exciting night out with a new person. A colander becomes a hat. In general, curiosity motivates us to view stressful situations as challenges rather than threats, to talk about difficulties more openly, and to try new approaches to solving problems. In fact, curiosity is associated with a less defensive reaction to stress and, as a result, less aggression when we respond to irritation.

* colander: (음식 재료의 물을 빼는 데 쓰는) 체
① importance  of  defensive  reactions  in  a  tough  situation
② curiosity  as  the  hidden  force  of  positive  reframes
③ difficulties  of  coping  with  stress  at  work
④ potential  threats  caused  by  curiosity
⑤ factors  that  reduce  human  curiosity

When people think about the development of cities, rarely do they consider the critical role of vertical transportation. In fact, each day, more than 7 billion elevator journeys are taken in tall buildings all over the world. Efficient vertical transportation can expand our ability to build taller and taller skyscrapers. Antony Wood, a Professor of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology, explains that advances in elevators over the past 20 years are probably the greatest advances we have seen in tall buildings. For example, elevators in the Jeddah Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, under construction, will reach a height record of 660m.
① Elevators  Bring  Buildings  Closer  to  the  Sky
② The  Higher  You  Climb,  the  Better  the  View
③ How  to  Construct  an  Elevator  Cheap  and  Fast
④ The  Function  of  the  Ancient  and  the  Modern  City
⑤ The  Evolution  of  Architecture:  Solutions  for  Overpopulation

The above graph shows health spending as a share of GDP for selected OECD countries in 2018. ① On average, OECD countries were estimated to have spent 8.8 percent of their GDP on health care. ② Among the given countries above, the US had the highest share, with 16.9 percent, followed by Switzerland at 12.2 percent. ③ France spent more than 11 percent of its GDP, while Turkey spent less than 5 percent of its GDP on health care. ④ Belgium’s health spending as a share of GDP sat between that of France and the UK. ⑤There was a 3 percentage point difference in the share of GDP spent on health care between the UK and Greece.

Lithops are plants that are often called ‘living stones’ on account of their unique rock-­like appearance. They are native to the deserts of South Africa but commonly sold in garden centers and nurseries. Lithops grow well in compacted, sandy soil with little water and extreme hot temperatures. Lithops are small plants, rarely getting more than an inch above the soil surface and usually with only two leaves. The thick leaves resemble the cleft in an animal’s foot or just a pair of grayish brown stones gathered together. The plants have no true stem and much of the plant is underground. Their appearance has the effect of conserving moisture.
* cleft: 갈라진 틈
① 살아있는  돌로  불리는  식물이다.
② 원산지는  남아프리카  사막  지역이다.
③ 토양의  표면  위로  대개  1인치  이상  자란다.
④ 줄기가  없으며  땅속에  대부분  묻혀  있다.
⑤ 겉모양은  수분  보존  효과를  갖고  있다.

“Go Green” Writing Contest
Share your talents & conserve the environment

Main Topic: Save the Environment

Writing Categories
 Slogan  Poem  Essay

Requirements:
• Participants: High school students
• Participate in one of the above categories
(only one entry per participant)

Deadline: July 5th, 2021
• Email your work to apply@gogreen.com.

Prize for Each Category
1st place: $80  2nd place: $60  3rd place: $40

The winners will be announced only on the website on
July 15th, 2021. No personal contact will be made.

For more information, visit www.gogreen.com.
① 대회  주제는  환경  보호이다.
② 참가자는  한  부문에만  참가해야  한다.
③ 마감  기한은  7월  5일이다.
④ 작품은  이메일로  제출해야  한다.
⑤ 수상자는  개별적으로  연락받는다.

Virtual Idea Exchange
Connect in real time and have discussions
about the upcoming school festival.

Goal
-Plan the school festival and share ideas for it.

Participants: Club leaders only

What to Discuss
-Themes  -Ticket sales  -Budget

Date & Time: 5 to 7 p.m. on Friday, June 25th, 2021

Notes 
-Get the access link by text message 10 minutes before the meeting and click it.
-Type your real name when you enter the chatroom.
① 동아리  회원이라면  누구나  참여  가능하다.
② 티켓  판매는  논의  대상에서  제외된다.
③ 회의는  3시간  동안  열린다.
④ 접속  링크를  문자로  받는다.
⑤ 채팅방  입장  시  동아리명으로  참여해야  한다.

There have been occasions ① in which you have observed a smile and you could sense it was not genuine. The most obvious way of identifying a genuine smile from an insincere ② one is that a fake smile primarily only affects the lower half of the face, mainly with the mouth alone. The eyes don’t really get involved. Take the opportunity to look in the mirror and manufacture a smile ③ using the lower half your face only. When you do this, judge ④ how happy your face really looks ― is it genuine? A genuine smile will impact on the muscles and wrinkles around the eyes and less noticeably, the skin between the eyebrow and upper eyelid ⑤ are lowered slightly with true enjoyment. The genuine smile can impact on the entire face.

Detailed study over the past two or three decades is showing that the complex forms of natural systems are essential to their functioning. The attempt to ① straighten rivers and give them regular cross-­sections is perhaps the most disastrous example of this form-­and-function relationship. The natural river has a very ② irregular form: it curves a lot, spills across floodplains, and leaks into wetlands, giving it an ever­-changing and incredibly complex shoreline. This allows the river to ③ prevent variations in water level and speed. Pushing the river into tidy geometry ④ destroys functional capacity and results in disasters like the Mississippi floods of 1927 and 1993 and, more recently, the unnatural disaster of Hurricane Katrina. A $50 billion plan to “let the river loose” in Louisiana recognizes that the ⑤ controlled Mississippi is washing away twenty­-four square miles of that state annually.
* geometry: 기하학 ** capacity: 수용능력

In a culture where there is a belief that you can have anything you truly want, there is no problem in choosing. Many cultures, however, do not maintain this belief. In fact, many people do not believe that life is about getting what you want. Life is about doing what you are supposed to do. The reason they have trouble making choices is they believe that what they may want is not related to what they are supposed to do. The weight of outside considerations is greater than their _________ . When this is an issue in a group, we discuss what makes for good decisions. If a person can be unburdened from their cares and duties and, just for a moment, consider what appeals to them, they get the chance to sort out what is important to them. Then they can consider and negotiate with their external pressures
① desires
② merits
③ abilities
④ limitations
⑤ worries

Research has confirmed that athletes are less likely to participate in unacceptable behavior than are non-­athletes. However, moral reasoning and good sporting behavior seem to decline as athletes progress to higher competitive levels, in part because of the increased emphasis on winning. Thus winning can be ________________ in teaching character development. Some athletes may want to win so much that they lie, cheat, and break team rules. They may develop undesirable character traits that can enhance their ability to win in the short term. However, when athletes resist the temptation to win in a dishonest way, they can develop positive character traits that last a lifetime. Character is a learned behavior, and a sense of fair play develops only if coaches plan to teach those lessons systematically.
* trait: 특성
① a  piece  of  cake
② a  one­way  street
③ a  bird  in  the  hand
④ a  fish  out  of  water
⑤ a  double­-edged  sword

Due to technological innovations, music can now be experienced by more people, for more of the time than ever before. Mass availability has given individuals unheard­-of control over their own sound-environment. However, it has also confronted them with the simultaneous availability of countless genres of music, in which they have to orient themselves. People start filtering out and organizing their digital libraries like they used to do with their physical music collections. However, there is the difference that the choice lies in their own hands. Without being restricted to the limited collection of music-­distributors, nor being guided by the local radio program as a ‘preselector’ of the latest hits, the individual actively has to _________________________. The search for the right song is thus associated with considerable effort.
* simultaneous: 동시의
① choose  and  determine  his  or  her  musical  preferences
② understand  the  technical  aspects  of  recording  sessions
③ share  unique  and  inspiring  playlists  on  social  media
④ interpret  lyrics  with  background  knowledge  of  the  songs
⑤ seek  the  advice  of  a  voice  specialist  for  better  performances

It is common to assume that creativity concerns primarily the relation between actor(creator) and artifact(creation). However, from a sociocultural standpoint, the creative act is never “complete” in the absence of a second position―that of an audience. While the actor or creator him/herself is the first audience of the artifact being produced, this kind of distantiation can only be achieved by _______________. This means that, in order to be an audience to your own creation, a history of interaction with others is needed. We exist in a social world that constantly confronts us with the “view of the other.” It is the view we include and blend into our own activity, including creative activity. This outside perspective is essential for creativity because it gives new meaning and value to the creative act and its product.
* artifact: 창작물
① exploring  the  absolute  truth  in  existence
② following  a  series  of  precise  and  logical  steps
③ looking  outside  and  drawing  inspiration  from  nature
④ internalizing  the  perspective  of  others  on  one’s  work
⑤ pushing  the  audience  to  the  limits  of  its  endurance

Health and the spread of disease are very closely linked to how we live and how our cities operate. The good news is that cities are incredibly resilient. Many cities have experienced epidemics in the past and have not only survived, but advanced. ① The nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries saw destructive outbreaks of cholera, typhoid, and influenza in European cities. ② Doctors such as Jon Snow, from England, and Rudolf Virchow, of Germany, saw the connection between poor living conditions, overcrowding, sanitation, and disease. ③ A recognition of this connection led to the replanning and rebuilding of cities to stop the spread of epidemics. ④ In spite of reconstruction efforts, cities declined in many areas and many people started to leave. ⑤ In the mid-­nineteenth century, London’s pioneering sewer system, which still serves it today, was built as a result of understanding the importance of clean water in stopping the spread of cholera.
* resilient: 회복력이 있는
** sewer system: 하수 처리 시스템

Starting from birth, babies are immediately attracted to faces. Scientists were able to show this by having babies look at two simple images, one that looks more like a face than the other.

(A) These changes help the organisms to survive, making them alert to enemies. By being able to recognize faces from afar or in the dark, humans were able to know someone was coming and protect themselves from possible danger.

(B) One reason babies might like faces is because of something called evolution. Evolution involves changes to the structures of an organism(such as the brain) that occur over many generations.

(C) By measuring where the babies looked, scientists found that the babies looked at the face-­like image more than they looked at the non­-face image. Even though babies have poor eyesight, they prefer to look at faces. But why?
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A)

People spend much of their time interacting with media, but that does not mean that people have the critical skills to analyze and understand it.

(A) Research from New York University found that people over 65 shared seven times as much misinformation as their younger counterparts. All of this raises a question: What’s the solution to the misinformation problem?

(B) One well-­known study from Stanford University in 2016 demonstrated that youth are easily fooled by misinformation, especially when it comes through social media channels. This weakness is not found only in youth, however.

(C) Governments and tech platforms certainly have a role to play in blocking misinformation. However, every individual needs to take responsibility for combating this threat by becoming more information literate.

* counterpart: 상대방
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A

As the sticks approach each other, the air immediately in front of them is compressed and energy builds up.

Sound and light travel in waves. An analogy often given for sound is that of throwing a small stone onto the surface of a still pond. Waves radiate outwards from the point of impact, just as sound waves radiate from the sound source. ( ① ) This is due to a disturbance in the air around us. ( ② ) If you bang two sticks together, you will get a sound. ( ③ ) When the point of impact occurs, this energy is released as sound waves. ( ④ ) If you try the same experiment with two heavy stones, exactly the same thing occurs, but you get a different sound due to the density and surface of the stones, and as they have likely displaced more air, a louder sound. ( ⑤ ) And so, a physical disturbance in the atmosphere around us will produce a sound.

* analogy: 비유 ** radiate: 사방으로 퍼지다

It has been observed that at each level of transfer, a large proportion, 80 - 90 percent, of the potential energy is lost as heat.

Food chain means the transfer of food energy from the source in plants through a series of organisms with the repeated process of eating and being eaten. ( ① ) In a grassland, grass is eaten by rabbits while rabbits in turn are eaten by foxes. ( ② ) This is an example of a simple food chain. ( ③ ) This food chain implies the sequence in which food energy is transferred from producer to consumer or higher trophic level. ( ④ ) Hence the number of steps or links in a sequence is restricted, usually to four or five. ( ⑤ ) The shorter the food chain or the nearer the organism is to the beginning of the chain, the greater the available energy intake is.
* trophic: 영양의

A woman named Rhonda who attended the University of California at Berkeley had a problem. She was living near campus with several other people ― none of whom knew one another. When the cleaning people came each weekend, they left several rolls of toilet paper in each of the two bathrooms. However, by Monday all the toilet paper would be gone. It was a classic tragedy-­of­-the-­commons situation: because some people took more toilet paper than their fair share, the public resource was destroyed for everyone else. After reading a research paper about behavior change, Rhonda put a note in one of the bathrooms asking people not to remove the toilet paper, as it was a shared item. To her great satisfaction, one roll reappeared in a few hours, and another the next day. In the other note-­free bathroom, however, there was no toilet paper until the following weekend, when the cleaning people returned.

A small ____(A)____ brought about a change in the behavior of the people who had taken more of the ____(B)____ goods than they needed.
① reminder  ……  shared
② reminder  ……  recycled
③ mistake  ……  stored
④ mistake  ……  borrowed
⑤ fortune  ……  limited

If you were afraid of standing on balconies, you would start on some lower floors and slowly work your way up to higher ones. It would be easy to face a fear of standing on high balconies in a way that’s totally controlled. Socializing is (a) trickier. People aren’t like inanimate features of a building that you just have to be around to get used to. You have to interact with them, and their responses can be unpredictable. Your feelings toward them are more complex too. Most people’s self­-esteem isn’t going to be affected that much if they don’t like balconies, but your confidence can (b) suffer if you can’t socialize effectively.
It’s also harder to design a tidy way to gradually face many social fears. The social situations you need to expose yourself to may not be (c) available when you want them, or they may not go well enough for you to sense that things are under control. The progression from one step to the next may not be clear, creating unavoidable large (d) decreases in difficulty from one to the next. People around you aren’t robots that you can endlessly experiment with for your own purposes. This is not to say that facing your fears is pointless when socializing. The principles of gradual exposure are still very (e) useful. The process of applying them is just messier, and knowing that before you start is helpful.
① How  to  Improve  Your  Self­Esteem
② Socializing  with  Someone  You  Fear:  Good  or  Bad?
③ Relaxation  May  Lead  to  Getting  Over  Social  Fears
④ Are  Social  Exposures  Related  with  Fear  of  Heights?
⑤ Overcoming  Social  Anxiety  Is  Difficult:  Try  Gradually!

If you were afraid of standing on balconies, you would start on some lower floors and slowly work your way up to higher ones. It would be easy to face a fear of standing on high balconies in a way that’s totally controlled. Socializing is (a) trickier. People aren’t like inanimate features of a building that you just have to be around to get used to. You have to interact with them, and their responses can be unpredictable. Your feelings toward them are more complex too. Most people’s self­-esteem isn’t going to be affected that much if they don’t like balconies, but your confidence can (b) suffer if you can’t socialize effectively.
It’s also harder to design a tidy way to gradually face many social fears. The social situations you need to expose yourself to may not be (c) available when you want them, or they may not go well enough for you to sense that things are under control. The progression from one step to the next may not be clear, creating unavoidable large (d) decreases in difficulty from one to the next. People around you aren’t robots that you can endlessly experiment with for your own purposes. This is not to say that facing your fears is pointless when socializing. The principles of gradual exposure are still very (e) useful. The process of applying them is just messier, and knowing that before you start is helpful.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A) When I was 17, I discovered a wonderful thing. My father and I were sitting on the floor of his study. We were organizing his old papers. Across the carpet I saw a fat paper clip. Its rust dusted the cover sheet of a report of some kind. I picked it up. I started to read. Then I started to cry.

(B) “Daddy,” I said, handing him the pages, “this speech ― how did you ever get permission to give it? And weren’t you scared?” “Well, honey,” he said, “I didn’t ask for permission. I just asked myself, ‘What is the most important challenge facing my generation?’ I knew immediately. Then (a) I asked myself, ‘And if I weren’t afraid, what would I say about it in this speech?’”

(C) It was a speech he had written in 1920, in Tennessee. Then only 17 himself and graduating from high school, he had called for equality for African Americans. (b) I marvelled, proud of him, and wondered how, in 1920, so young, so white, and in the deep South, where the law still separated black from white, (c) he had had the courage to deliver it. I asked him about it.

(D) “I wrote it. And I delivered it. About half way through I looked out to see the entire audience of teachers, students, and parents stand up ― and walk out. Left alone on the stage, (d) I thought to myself, ‘Well, I guess I need to be sure to do only two things with my life: keep thinking for myself, and not get killed.’” He handed the speech back to me, and smiled. “(e) You seem to have done both,” I said.
① (B)  -  (D)  -  (C)
② (C)  -  (B)  -  (D)
③ (C)  -  (D)  -  (B)
④ (D)  -  (B)  -  (C)
⑤ (D)  -  (C)  -  (B)

(A) When I was 17, I discovered a wonderful thing. My father and I were sitting on the floor of his study. We were organizing his old papers. Across the carpet I saw a fat paper clip. Its rust dusted the cover sheet of a report of some kind. I picked it up. I started to read. Then I started to cry.

(B) “Daddy,” I said, handing him the pages, “this speech ― how did you ever get permission to give it? And weren’t you scared?” “Well, honey,” he said, “I didn’t ask for permission. I just asked myself, ‘What is the most important challenge facing my generation?’ I knew immediately. Then (a) I asked myself, ‘And if I weren’t afraid, what would I say about it in this speech?’”

(C) It was a speech he had written in 1920, in Tennessee. Then only 17 himself and graduating from high school, he had called for equality for African Americans. (b) I marvelled, proud of him, and wondered how, in 1920, so young, so white, and in the deep South, where the law still separated black from white, (c) he had had the courage to deliver it. I asked him about it.

(D) “I wrote it. And I delivered it. About half way through I looked out to see the entire audience of teachers, students, and parents stand up ― and walk out. Left alone on the stage, (d) I thought to myself, ‘Well, I guess I need to be sure to do only two things with my life: keep thinking for myself, and not get killed.’” He handed the speech back to me, and smiled. “(e) You seem to have done both,” I said.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A) When I was 17, I discovered a wonderful thing. My father and I were sitting on the floor of his study. We were organizing his old papers. Across the carpet I saw a fat paper clip. Its rust dusted the cover sheet of a report of some kind. I picked it up. I started to read. Then I started to cry.

(B) “Daddy,” I said, handing him the pages, “this speech ― how did you ever get permission to give it? And weren’t you scared?” “Well, honey,” he said, “I didn’t ask for permission. I just asked myself, ‘What is the most important challenge facing my generation?’ I knew immediately. Then (a) I asked myself, ‘And if I weren’t afraid, what would I say about it in this speech?’”

(C) It was a speech he had written in 1920, in Tennessee. Then only 17 himself and graduating from high school, he had called for equality for African Americans. (b) I marvelled, proud of him, and wondered how, in 1920, so young, so white, and in the deep South, where the law still separated black from white, (c) he had had the courage to deliver it. I asked him about it.

(D) “I wrote it. And I delivered it. About half way through I looked out to see the entire audience of teachers, students, and parents stand up ― and walk out. Left alone on the stage, (d) I thought to myself, ‘Well, I guess I need to be sure to do only two things with my life: keep thinking for myself, and not get killed.’” He handed the speech back to me, and smiled. “(e) You seem to have done both,” I said.
① 아버지와  나는  서류를  정리하고  있었다.
② 나는  서재에서  발견한  것을  읽고  나서  울기  시작했다.
③ 아버지는  연설을  하기  위한  허락을  구하지  않았다.
④ 아버지가  연설문을  썼을  당시  17세였다.
⑤ 교사,  학생,  학부모  모두  아버지의  연설을  끝까지  들었다.