n. 고용, 직장
The tourism industry is a major source of employment and economic growth.
in recognition of
~을 인정하여, 존중하여 In recognition of those problems, many tourists are turning to “responsible travel.”
responsibility
n. 책임, 책무
This approach to traveling emphasizes visitors’ responsibility to minimize such negative impacts and leave a “positive footprint” on their destination.
minimize
v. 최소화하다
This approach to traveling emphasizes visitors’ responsibility to minimize such negative impacts and leave a “positive footprint” on their destination.
footprint
n. 발자국
This approach to traveling emphasizes visitors’ responsibility to minimize such negative impacts and leave a “positive footprint” on their destination.
policy
n. 정책
Under Bhutan’s “High Value, Low Impact” policy, the government regulates tourist numbers.
regulate
v. 조절하다, 통제하다
Under Bhutan’s “High Value, Low Impact” policy, the government regulates tourist numbers.
ensure
v. 확실히 하다
Under the policy, the government regulates tourist numbers and ensures that visitors respect the carefully protected Bhutanese culture and natural environment.
proportion
n. 비율, 전체의 부분
A fixed proportion of the money earned from tourism goes to education programs and community development
persuade
v. 설득하다
I became curious about Bhutan and persuaded my parents to travel there.
consist of
~로 구성되다
Tashi’s family consists of twelve people spanning four generations.
span
v. 걸쳐 이어지다
Tashi’s family consists of twelve people spanning four generations.
prayer
n. 기도, 기도문
Tashi’s grandmother said a short prayer and placed a small amount of food on the floor as an offering to the spirits.
offering
n. 공물, 제물
Tashi’s grandmother said a short prayer and placed a small amount of food on the floor as an offering to the spirits.
spirit
v. 혼령, 유령
Tashi’s grandmother said a short prayer and placed a small amount of food on the floor as an offering to the spirits.
spicy
n. 양념 맛이 강한
It was deliciously spicy.
mythology
n. 신화
I learned that mythology is an important part of Bhutanese culture.
thunder
n. 천둥
The Bhutanese name for their country is Druk Yul, which means “the land of the thunder dragon.”
roar
n. 포효, 함성
Druk , the thunder dragon, is a holy character in Bhutanese mythology and thunder is believed to be the sound of the dragon’s roar.
mixture
n. 혼합(물)
I was amazed by the mixture of tradition and modernity.
downtown
ad. 시내에(로)
We started our tour in downtown Thimphu, Bhutan’s most modern area.
modernize
v. 현대화하다
Bhutanese people seemed to enjoy wearing these clothes in their daily life even in a modernized city.
vital
a. 필수적인
All of these informed me that traditions continue to be a vital part of their modern culture.
handicraft
n. 수공예(품)
We visited the National Institute of Arts and Crafts, a famous art school where children learn skills to do traditional Bhutanese painting and handicrafts.
demonstration
n. 시범, 입증
We saw craft demonstrations in one class and artwork on display in another.
discipline
n. 규율, 훈련, 수양
It was impossible not to be impressed with those young students’ discipline and skills.
accompany
v. 반주를 해 주다
They were accompanied by Bhutanese folk musicians playing folk songs.
gathering
n. 모임
She told us that it is common for Bhutanese people to enjoy folk dancing at gatherings.
lyric
n. 가사
The lyrics of the songs are about the harmony of humans, animals, and nature.
end up -ing
결국 ~하다, 처하다
The cheerful mood was so inviting that we all ended up joining the dance with a lot of other visitors from different countries.
temple
n. 절, 사원
This temple complex was built as a dedication
to Guru Padmasambhava.
monastery
n. 수도원
Tiger’s Nest, is one of the most famous Buddhist monasteries in Bhutan.
dedication
n. 헌신, 전념
This temple complex was built as a dedication
to Guru Padmasambhava, who introduced Buddhism to Bhutan.
guru
n. 전문가, 구루
This temple complex was built as a dedication
to Guru Padmasambhava, who introduced Buddhism to Bhutan.
meditate
v. 명상하다
It is believed that in the 8th century, a tigress brought the guru on her back to this site where he meditated for more than three years.
cling to
~에 붙어있다, 매달리다
It clings to a cliff at 3,120 meters above sea level, and is often hidden in clouds.
steep
a. 가파른, 경사진
The path to the monastery was steep and narrow.
narrow
a. 좁은
The path to the monastery was steep and narrow.
sacred
a. 신성한
Out of respect for the sacred place and the animals, we decided to walk as most Bhutanese do.
exhausted
a. 탈진한, 기진맥진한
Although our three hours’ uphill hike left us exhausted, our effort was greatly rewarded.
reward
v. 보상하다
Although our three hours’ uphill hike left us exhausted, our effort was greatly rewarded.
spectacular
a. 장관을 이루는
The monastery was spectacular.
interconnected
a. 상호 연결된
Its four interconnected temples are the best example of the Buddhist architectural tradition in Bhutan.
breathtaking
a. 숨 막히는
The view of the surrounding mountains and emerald green valleys was absolutely breathtaking.
be devoted to
~에 전념하다
A great portion of our time on the tour was devoted to learning about the Bhutanese people and their culture.
miracle
n. 기적
The result was a “big miracle.”
rescue
v. 구조하다
A rescue mission is being discussed but has not yet begun.
intention
n. 의도, 목적
The various groups of people involved in the rescue had different intentions at first.
cooperate
v. 협력하다
They all cooperated to save the whales.
freeze
v. 얼다
They were in danger because the ice wall around the whales was freezing rapidly and getting thicker.
tragedy
n. 비극
I’m standing out on this frozen landscape in Barrow, Alaska where we’ve recently discovered a tragedy in the making.
in the making
만들어지고 있는, 진행 중인
I’m standing out on this frozen landscape in Barrow, Alaska where we’ve recently discovered a tragedy in the making.
slim
a. 희박한
A family of three gray whales is trapped in the ice, and experts give the whales a slim chance of survival.
chance
n. 가능성
A family of three gray whales is trapped in the ice, and experts give the whales a slim chance of survival.
survival
n. 생존
A family of three gray whales is trapped in the ice, and experts give the whales a slim chance of survival.
surface
v. 수면으로 올라오다
Each time they surfaced, they cut themselves on the sharp edges of the ice.
edge
n. 모서리
Each time they surfaced, they cut themselves on the sharp edges of the ice.
play a part in
~에서 역할을 하다
Many groups responded to play a part in saving the whales.
ambitious
a. 야심 있는 Ambitious news reporters used the story to further their careers.
gain favor with
~의 호의를 얻다
An oil company offered a barge to break the ice as a way to gain favor with the public.
conflict
n. 갈등
That put them in direct conflict with a Greenpeace activist named Rachel.
run out
다하다, 끝나다
One day, the oil is going to run out, and the money will stop coming.
starve
v. 굶주리다
If we don’t teach our children how to feed themselves, they’re going to starve.
flood
v. ~에 몰려들다
Reporters flooded into Barrow from all over the world.
tribe
n. 부족
Malik, the leader of the Inupiat tribe, realized that they would face enormous criticism if they killed the whales as the world watched.
criticism
n. 비난
Malik, the leader of the Inupiat tribe, realized that they would face enormous criticism if they killed the whales as the world watched.
harsh
a. 가혹한, 혹독한
They played an important role in the rescue because they knew how to survive in the harsh climate.
come up with
(해답 등을) 찾아내다, 생각해 내다
Malik came up with a plan to cut open the ice and make small pools.
sheet
n. 얇은 층
The barge was the only hope to break the sheet of ice so the whales could swim out to the open sea.
despite
prep. ~에도 불구하고 Despite the unfriendly relations between the U.S. government and the Soviet Union, the U.S. government decided to call the Soviet Union for help.
unexpectedly
ad. 뜻밖에도 Unexpectedly, the Soviet Navy responded positively to the request by sending a ship to help break a path for the whales.
in the meantime
그 동안에 In the meantime, the baby whale died from its injuries.
injury
n. 상해
In the meantime, the baby whale died from its injuries.
crew
n. 팀, 조, 반
The clock continues to tick down as crews work furiously to cut a path to the open ocean.
furiously
ad. 맹렬하게
The clock continues to tick down as crews work furiously to cut a path to the open ocean.
incredible
a. 놀라운
That’s more than 30 holes an hour, in a single
day. It’s incredible.
barrier
n. 장벽, 장애물
The enormous ice breaker arrived to remove the last barrier between the whales and the open sea.
attempt
n. 시도
The ship’s first attempt did not work and left only a small path in the ice.
escape
v. 달아나다
The ice was finally broken into a wide enough path and the whales escaped.
put aside
~을 제쳐놓다
The whales jumped high as if they were saying, “Thank you,” to all the people who put their differences aside and joined forces to save them.
equip
v. 장비를 갖추다
When a computer equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) beat the world Go champion in Seoul in early 2016, the worries about AI were noticeably increased.
noticeably
ad. 두드러지게
When a computer equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) beat the world Go champion in Seoul in early 2016, the worries about AI were noticeably increased.
desperate
a. 자포자기한, 절박한
Many people are worried that robots equipped with AI could soon fill positions currently held by humans, leaving many of us in desperate circumstances.
circumstance
n. 상황, 환경, 경우
Many people are worried that robots equipped with AI could soon fill positions currently held by humans, leaving many of us in desperate circumstances.
optimist
n. 낙관주의자
{Optimists] about AI’s development believe that it will greatly improve our quality of life.
perceive
v. 감지[인지]하다
AI is software designed to perceive information and apply it towards solving problems within a given context, in a similar way to how human
intelligence does.
capacity
n. 능력, 용량
There are three major types of AI based on capacity.
specialize in
~를 전문적으로 다루다
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), or Weak AI, is AI that specializes in one task.
filter
v. 걸러 내다
It can search for information, filter out unwanted emails, translate short sentences to another language, or play Go.
exceed
v. 넘어서다, 초과하다
It equals or exceeds human intelligence or efficiency in its specific task, but cannot do much more than that.
complicated
a. 복잡한
Creating AGI is much more difficult because the human brain works in a very complicated way.
as to
~에 관해서는 As to its hardware, its data storage space will be able to be expanded to any size while the brain cannot get bigger.
upgrade
v. 개선하다
As to its software, AGI will be able to be continuously upgraded through updates and fixes.
update
n. (데이터의) 갱신, 최신 정보
As to its software, AGI will be able to be continuously upgraded through updates and fixes.
simultaneously
ad. 동시에
Anything any single computer learned would be uploaded to all the other computers, which will make all of them smarter simultaneously.
advancement
n. 발전, 진보
AI at the last level of advancement is called Artificial Superintelligence (ASI).
trillion
n. 1조
ASI could range from a computer that is a little smarter than a human to one that is a trillion times smarter in all areas.
give rise to
~이 생기게 하다, 일으키다
ASI gives rise to heated debates because, if developed, it will change our future forever by employing its enormous power.
debate
n. 토론, 논의
ASI gives rise to heated debates because, if developed, it will change our future forever by employing its enormous power.
as of now
현재, 지금으로서는 As of now, we have ANI, the lowest level of AI.
acknowledge
v. 인정하다
They also acknowledge that once an AI system reaches the level of AGI, it will not take long for it to reach the next level.
humanity
n. 인류, 인간
What future will AI bring to humanity?
generate
v. 발생시키다, 만들어내다
To reduce global warming, AI could come up with much better ways to generate energy without polluting the environment.
fatal
a. 치명적인, 죽음을 초래하는
ASI could defeat fatal diseases.
cancer
n. 암
If a person has cancer, ASI could use nanotechnology to design special nanobots to perform surgery.
nanotechnology
n. 나노 기술
If a person has cancer, ASI could use nanotechnology to design special nanobots to perform surgery.
nanobot
n. 나노 로봇
If a person has cancer, ASI could use nanotechnology to design special nanobots to perform surgery.
side effect
n. 부작용
ASI could use nanotechnology to manufacture drugs to kill the cancer cells without side effects.
pessimistic
a. 비관적인
Experts in the pessimistic camp express concerns about the future that ASI may bring, including the loss of jobs and in particular, ethical issues.
replace ... with ~
…를 ~와 바꾸다
Most jobs requiring a medium level of skills and involving doing routine activities can be replaced with ASI, or even AGI.
financial
a. 금융의, 재정의
The resulting economic and financial instability could lead to serious social problems.
instability
n. 불안정
The resulting economic and financial instability could lead to serious social problems.
immensely
ad. 엄청나게, 대단히
AI is an immensely powerful tool and will become much more powerful as time passes.
fundamental
a. 근본적인, 본질적인
AI will bring about a fundamental change in our lives and the world will never be the same.
panic
v. 공황 상태에 빠지다
We do not have to panic.
decompose
v. 분해되다
We know that plastic waste harms the environment because it does not decompose naturally.
tiny
a. 아주 작은
Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than five millimeters wide.
particle
n. (아주 작은) 입자, 조각
Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than five millimeters wide.
breakdown
n. 분해
They are formed from the breakdown of larger plastic waste in the seas or are industrially manufactured in two forms: microbeads and microfibers.
scrub
n. 스크럽, 각질 제거제
They are used in hundreds of personal care products, including toothpaste, facial scrubs, and some cosmetic products.
cosmetic
a. 화장용의, 미용의
They are used in hundreds of personal care products, including toothpaste, facial scrubs, and some cosmetic products.
filter out
~을 걸러내다
Microbeads are too small to be filtered out during the waste water treatment process.
synthetic
a. 합성한, 인조의
Microfibers are the synthetic materials that are used in clothes.
thread
n. 실
Most of our clothing is made up of these tiny
threads of plastic.
estimate
n. 추정(치), 추산
This estimate does not include the microplastic waste that may have sunk into the depths of the oceans, washed ashore onto beaches, or been swallowed by marine animals.
ashore
ad. 해안으로, 물가로, 강가에
This estimate does not include the microplastic waste that may have sunk into the depths of the oceans, washed ashore onto beaches, or been swallowed by marine animals.
marine
a. 바다의, 해양의
Microplastics in the oceans are a serious threat to the marine ecosystem.
quantities of
많은
Another study showed that vast quantities of microplastics are present on the deep sea floor.
sharply
ad. 급격히
The amount of microplastics in the oceans will necessarily increase sharply.
expose
v. (유해한 환경 등에) 노출되다
A group of French researchers reported that oysters exposed to microplastics produced fewer offspring and the offspring grew more slowly.
offspring
n. (동식물의) 새끼
A group of French researchers reported that oysters exposed to microplastics produced fewer offspring and the offspring grew more slowly.
prevent ... from -ing
...가 ~하는 것을 막다
Another study has shown that microplastics are even preventing ocean fish from becoming adults.
reproduce
v. 번식하다
Shockingly, some young fish have been found to
prefer these tiny plastic particles to their natural food sources, starving themselves before they can reproduce.
organism
n. 유기체, (특히 극도로 작은) 생물(체)
The toxic microplastics are eaten by fish and other marine organisms.
substance
n. 물질
The toxic substances we consume at the top of the food chain can be harmful enough to cause genetic changes and cancer.
genetic
a. 유전의
The toxic substances we consume at the top of the food chain can be harmful enough to cause genetic changes and cancer.
explore
v. 탐험하다
NGOs are leading many activities such as raising awareness, removing waste from seashores, and exploring the oceans.
demand
v. 요구하다
Based on scientific discoveries, NGOs are particularly demanding that products containing microplastics not be sold at all.
take notice of
…을 알아차리다, 주의하다
As a result, people, industries, and governments around the world are beginning to take notice of the microplastic problem.
ecologist
n. 생태학자
In 2013, British ecologist Mark Browne launched a project to help reduce the number of microfibers released into the oceans.
launch
v. (특히 조직적인 일을) 시작하다
In 2013, British ecologist Mark Browne launched a project to help reduce the number of microfibers released into the oceans.
fiber
n. 섬유
Now, around 90 percent of the brand’s clothing
products are made with all natural fibers.
legislation
n. 제정법
Some governments have introduced legislation to deal with microplastics.
tackle
v. (힘든 문제·상황과) 씨름하다
This policy, which was an important step towards tackling plastic pollution in the oceans, offers a model for the rest of the world.
coastal
a. 해안의
Avoiding personal care products that have microbeads in them would reduce the amount of microplastics entering marine and coastal environments.
obtain
v. 얻다, 구하다
Companies want to keep microplastics in their products because they are cheap and easy to obtain.
organic
a. 유기농의
As a consumer, you should buy clothing made of natural materials like organic cotton and wool, and avoid synthetic ones.
cotton
n. 면직물
As a consumer, you should buy clothing made of natural materials like organic cotton and wool, and avoid synthetic ones.
wool
n. 모직
As a consumer, you should buy clothing made of natural materials like organic cotton and wool, and avoid synthetic ones.
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