n. 과제, 도전
Facing a challenge, we make a choice and work hard, doing our best.
evaluate
v. 평가하다
Our success or failure gets evaluated in terms of the end result.
matter
v. 중요하다, 문제가 되다
What matters is that our work did not meet the standards.
achieve
v. 성취하다, 달성하다
It sends a message that with regard to the grade, we achieved nothing.
mindset
n. 마음가짐, 사고방식
Behind the grading system is what is called a “fixed mindset.”
not yet
아직 ~않다
What if we got a grade of “Not yet” instead of “Fail”?
imply
v. ~의 뜻을 내포하다
It implies we will eventually meet with success, although we are not yet there.
eventually
ad. 결국
It implies we will eventually meet with success, although we are not yet there.
alternative
n. 선택지, 대안
Behind the “Not yet,” there is an alternative attitude toward success and failure.
improvement
n. 개선, 진보
The growth mindset focuses on the possibility of improvement.
critical
a. 중대한, 결정적인
The two mindsets have critical differences in the ways they cope with challenges.
cope with
~에 대처[대응]하다
The two mindsets have critical differences in the ways they cope with challenges.
positive
a. 긍정적인
Some reacted in a surprisingly positive way, saying they loved a challenge.
process
n. 과정
They knew their abilities could be developed and they enjoyed the process.
intelligence
n. 지능
With the fixed mindset, they thought their intelligence was being tested and they would fail.
cheat
v. 부정행위를 하다
They also said they would probably cheat the next time, instead of studying more.
confront
v. 맞서다
The students with the growth mindset, however, were not afraid to confront the problem and correct it.
the former ... the latter ~
전자는 …, 후자는 ~
Unlike the former, the latter gained knowledge and experience from the challenges, and as a result, grew intellectually.
intellectually
ad. 지적으로
Unlike the former, the latter gained knowledge and experience from the challenges, and as a result, grew intellectually.
make or break
~의 성패를 좌우하다
In the world of sports, mindsets often make or break champions.
talent
n. 재능
He believed that his natural talent was all he needed.
trap
v. 가두다, 덫을 놓다
Billy was trapped by his huge talent because of the fixed mindset and failed as a professional athlete.
executive
n. 경영 간부, 관리직
He learned his lesson and became a successful baseball executive.
in contrast to
~와 대조를 이루어, ~와는 대조적으로
The growth mindset, in contrast to Billy’s experience, values effort over natural talent.
extraordinary
a. 비상한
The real champions are not the ones born with extraordinary talent but those who persist and never give up.
persist
v. 집요하게[고집스럽게] 계속하다
The real champions are not the ones born with extraordinary talent but those who persist and never give up.
hesitation
n. 주저, 망설임
With no hesitation, she answered, “Mental toughness.”
mental
a. 마음의, 정신의
With no hesitation, she answered, “Mental toughness.”
enormous
a. 엄청난, 거대한
She had to practice and put in enormous effort.
reevaluate
v. 재평가하다
In terms of the growth mindset, success is constantly being reevaluated.
central
a. 주된
This idea of success is central to the growth mindset.
superiority
n. 우월
For those with the fixed mindset, success is about establishing their superiority over others.
confess
v. 고백하다, 털어놓다
He confessed that he failed because he was so proud that he did not promote innovations.
promote
v. 촉진하다, 장려하다
He failed because he was so proud that he did not promote innovations.
innovation
n. 혁신
The fixed mindset blocked him from pursuing innovations.
privilege
n. 특권, 특전
He only wanted to enjoy the privilege of being at the top.
pursue
v. 추구하다
The fixed mindset blocked him from pursuinginnovations.
neglect
v. 무시하다, 경시하다
You will be trapped in the joy of now, neglecting the power of “not yet.”
consequence
n. 결과, 결론
Value the effort, not the consequence.
depend on
~에 의존하다, 따르다
Do not depend on talent.
praise
v. 칭찬하다 Praise yourself, regardless of the outcome, when you do your own best.
regardless of
~에도 불구하고, ~에 관계없이
Praise yourself, regardless of the outcome, when you do your own best.
anticipate
v. 예상하다, 예견하다 Anticipating success brings about persistence, and persistence brings about positive outcomes.
bring about
~을 가져오다, 초래하다
Anticipating success brings about persistence, and persistence brings about positive outcomes.
conscious
a. 의식하고 있는
Whenever you feel you might be slipping back into a fixed mindset, make a conscious decision to break free of it.
break free of
~에서 벗어나다
Whenever you feel you might be slipping back into a fixed mindset, make a conscious decision to break free of it.
ordinary
a. 평범한
We are just ordinary people, so changing the world is someone else’s job, not ours.
constantly
ad. 끊임없이
When Adam Braun was a child, his father would constantly remind him, “We Brauns are different.”
budget
n. 예산
He did not give his children cash for good grades and spent half of the family’s holiday budget on charity.
charity
n. 자선 단체
He turned his birthday party into a charity event.
surrounding
n. 주변, 인근
It was natural that Adam followed his father’s examples and tried to make a difference to his surroundings.
desire
n. 욕구
Out of a burning desire to see the world, he took a college program in which students travel around the world and become acquainted with other cultures.
become acquainted with
~에 정통해지다, ~와 친해지다
Out of a burning desire to see the world, he took a college program in which students travel around the world and become acquainted with other cultures.
in particular
특별히
One of the answers in particular surprised him.
delighted
a. 기쁜
Whenever he gave out pencils, the children seemed to come alive, delighted to have a chance to learn.
afford
v. ~할 여유가 있다
That was the start of Adam’s plan to build schools for people who want to get an education but who cannot afford one.
cruel
a. 잔인한, 괴로운
Charity should be not about just giving to the poor and creating a cruel cycle of dependence but about enabling them.
dependence
n. 의존
Charity should be not about just giving to the poor and creating a cruel cycle of dependence but about enabling them.
enable
v. 가능하게 하다
Charity should be not about just giving to the poor and creating a cruel cycle of dependence but about enabling them.
nonprofit
a. 비영리의
Adam set up Pencils of Promise, a nonprofit organization that aims to build schools and support teachers in developing countries.
organization
n. 단체
Adam set up Pencils of Promise, a nonprofit organization that aims to build schools and support teachers in developing countries.
support
v. 지원하다
Adam set up Pencils of Promise, a nonprofit organization that aims to build schools and support teachers in developing countries.
first of all
무엇보다도, 우선 First of all, Adam needed adequate funding and volunteers.
adequate
a. 충분한
First of all, Adam needed adequate funding and volunteers.
fund
n. 기금
First of all, Adam needed adequate funding and volunteers.
fundraise
v. 기금을 모으다
His fundraising efforts included some fresh ideas and the active participation of his friends.
donation
n. 기부(금)
He turned his birthday party into a charity event and collected donations at the party instead of birthday presents.
publicize
v. 홍보하다, 알리다
He asked his friends to make a music video to publicize a Halloween party held as a fundraiser.
get involved with/in
~에 관여(참여)하다
People began to ask Adam how they could get involved with/in Pencils of Promise.
contribute
v. 기여하다, 기부하다
The local villagers promised to contribute to its construction.
raw material
n. 원자재
Because they had little money, they instead supplied raw materials and labor.
translator
n. 번역가, 통역사
The translator told Adam that they had been waiting their whole lives for this opportunity to have a school.
approach
v. 다가가다
Three shy little girls approached Adam to say hello.
recognize
v. 알다, 인지하다
He could recognize the joy on their faces.
spread
v. 펼치다, 퍼지다
The video spread quickly on social media.
social media
n. 소셜미디어
The video spread quickly on social media.
comment
n. 논평, 의견
The video spread quickly on social media, leading to comments and emails from friends and strangers.
reputation
n. 명성
He had a good reputation at work, and was about to be promoted.
be about to
~하려고 하다
He had a good reputation at work, and was about to be promoted.
replace
v. 대체하다
It was clear that his company would have no problem finding someone else to replace him if he quit.
attention
n. 주의, 관심, 집중
Pencils of Promise would not succeed if it did not get his full attention.
inner
a. 내면의
After much thought, he decided to follow his inner voice and left his job.
participate in
~에 참여하다
It has become a huge project in which thousands of volunteers participate in many ways.
scholarship
n. 장학금
It continues to build schools, support teachers, and provide scholarships to children.
community
n. 지역 사회
It gives local children and communities opportunities to be different and make a difference to the world.
expertise
n. 전문 지식
We have invited special guests with expertise in this matter, the museum curator Choi Sora, the architect Yu Min, and the hanbok master Kim Hyejin.
curator
n. 학예사, 큐레이터
We have invited special guests with expertise in this matter, the museum curator Choi Sora, the architect Yu Min, and the hanbok master Kim Hyejin.
architect
n. 건축가
We have invited special guests with expertise in this matter, the museum curator Choi Sora, the architect Yu Min, and the hanbok master Kim Hyejin.
define
v. 규정하다, 분명히 밝히다
What do you think are the most important qualities that define the traditional Korean arts?
origin
n. 기원, 근원
I believe the beauty of the Korean artistic tradition lies in a combination of its naturalness and its origin in our ancestors’ genuine love of nature.
genuine
a. 순수한, 진짜의
I believe the beauty of the Korean artistic tradition lies in a combination of its naturalness and its origin in our ancestors’ genuine love of nature.
not only ... but also ~
…뿐만 아니라 ~도
This love of nature is expressed not only in works of art but also in the daily lives of all Koreans.
fabricate
v. 조작하다, 꾸미다
Chinese and Japanese gardens focus on the beauty of a highly fabricated landscape.
landscape
n. 전망, 풍광
Chinese and Japanese gardens focus on the beauty of a highly fabricated landscape.
artificial
a. 인공적인
Korean gardens use little in the way of artificial decoration.
reflect
v. 반영하다, 나타내다
This reflects Koreans’ wish to be united with nature.
unite
v. 결합하다
This reflects Koreans’ wish to be united with nature.
emphasize
v. 강조하다, 중시하다
What Korean building or structure is a good architectural example that emphasizes harmony with its surroundings?
accommodate
v. (환경 등에) 맞추다, 적응시키다
Changdeokgung is known for its effort to accommodate the natural world in its palace garden.
go well with
~와 잘 어울리다
The palace buildings go so well with the low hills, valleys, and thick forests that it is difficult to tell the natural space from the artificial palace buildings.
tell ... from ~
…와 ~를 분간하다[구별하다]
The palace buildings go so well with the low hills, valleys, and thick forests that it is difficult to tell the natural space from the artificial palace buildings.
designate
v. 선정하다, 지정하다
In 1997, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
heritage
n. 문화유산, 재산
In 1997, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
deliberate
v. 숙고하다, 신중히 생각하다
The deliberating committee praised Changdeokgung highly for the unique beauty of its creative and free layout depicting harmony with nature.
committee
n. 위원회
The deliberating committee praised Changdeokgung highly for the unique beauty of its creative and free layout depicting harmony with nature.
layout
n. 배치, 설계
The deliberating committee praised Changdeokgung highly for the unique beauty of its creative and free layout depicting harmony with nature.
depict
v. 묘사하다, 표현하다
The deliberating committee praised Changdeokgung highly for the unique beauty of its creative and free layout depicting harmony with nature.
curve
v. 곡선을 이루다
I’d like to point out that gentle curved lines also characterize the Korean sense of beauty.
characterize
v. 특징짓다, ~의 특징이 되다
I’d like to point out that gentle curved lines also characterize the Korean sense of beauty.
porcelain
n. 자기
The white porcelain of the Joseon Dynasty is a fine example.
in contrast with
~와 대조를 이루어 In contrast with Chinese porcelain, with its bold straight lines and extreme curves, Joseon porcelain expresses gentler curves that remind us of the Korean landscape.
bold
a. 뚜렷한
In contrast with Chinese porcelain, with its bold straight lines and extreme curves, Joseon porcelain expresses gentler curves that remind us of the Korean landscape.
extreme
a. 극도의
In contrast with Chinese porcelain, with its bold straight lines and extreme curves, Joseon porcelain expresses gentler curves that remind us of the Korean landscape.
parallel
a. 평행의
Its design is meant to run parallel to the curves of the mountain behind it.
convey
v. 전달하다
This naturally curved line conveys stability and is comforting to the eye.
stability
n. 안정감
This naturally curved line conveys stability and is comforting to the eye.
attribute
n. 속성, 특성
This is the attribute that differentiates hanbok from other East Asian traditional costumes
differentiate ... from ~
…를 ~와 구별하다[차별화시키다]
This is the attribute that differentiates hanbok from other East Asian traditional costumes.
costume
n. 복장, 옷차림
This is the attribute that differentiates hanbok from other East Asian traditional costumes.
subtle
a. 미묘한, 은은한
The jeogori is especially rich in subtle curves, as shown in the collar and the sleeves.
incorporate
v. (일부러) 포함하다, 결합하다
Korean hanbok incorporates both straight and curved lines, which are combined to create a sense of naturally flowing harmony.
combine
v. 결합시키다, 연합시키다
Korean hanbok incorporates both straight and curved lines, which are combined to create a sense of naturally flowing harmony.
complement
v. 보충하다, 보완하다
Whenever I wear hanbok , I am pleased because the elegant lines complement the shape of my body.
lay out
~을 펼치다, 가지런히 늘어놓다
Hanbok has a very simple shape when laid out flat.
simplicity
n. 단순함, 수수함, 소박함 Simplicity is another main characteristic of our traditional sense of beauty.
characteristic
n. 특성, 특징
Simplicity is another main characteristic of our traditional sense of beauty.
exceptional
a. 예외의, 우수한
This simple approach, combined with exceptional craftsmanship, resulted in excellent works of art.
craftsmanship
n. 숙련, 솜씨
This simple approach, combined with exceptional craftsmanship, resulted in excellent works of art.
result in
~의 결과가 되다
This simple approach, combined with exceptional craftsmanship, resulted in excellent works of art.
advocate
v. 지지하다, 주장하다
Most of the artworks from the late Joseon Dynasty are simple in appearance, likely due to the influence of Confucianism which advocated moderation.
moderation
n. 적당, 중용, 절제
Most of the artworks from the late Joseon Dynasty are simple in appearance, likely due to the influence of Confucianism which advocated moderation.
preserve
v. 보존하다
Let us continue the effort to preserve the beautiful artistic traditions of our country.
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