v. 윙윙 소리를 내며 움직이다
The TV is on and the laptop is whirring away.
acronymic
a. 머리글자를 따서 형성된
I am suffering from FOMO, a condition whose acronymic name stands for the Fear of Missing Out.”
diverse
a. 다양한
It is actually not something new—diverse forms of this condition have been around for ages.
prevalence
n. 널리 퍼짐; 발병률
Its prevalence and intensity in our modern age are unprecedented.
prime
a. 주된, 주요한
One of the prime sources of FOMO is social media.
toil
v. 힘들게〔고생스럽게〕 일하다
You are still toiling away at your homework.
scroll
v. 스크롤하여 훑어보다
Just scroll through the mountains of pictures and comments on social media.
induce
v. 유도하다
FOMO-inducing media is hardly limited to the Internet.
glorify
v. 미화하다
Reality shows tend to glorify the fabulous lifestyles of the rich and famous.
populate
v. 공간을 차지하다
Advertisements are populated only by gorgeous young people.
stimulus
n. 자극(제)
What might be some of your first reactions to such visual stimuli?
onset
n. 시작
The symptoms of an onset of FOMO include nervousness, sudden restlessness, and a general feeling of anxiety.
fester
v. 악화되다
Allowed to fester, it sucks you into living and judging other people’s lives instead of enjoying your own.
spawn
v. (어떤 결과·상황을) 낳다
FOMO is often not spawned from a desire to have made another person’s specific choice.
insecurity
n. 불안감
The subsequent insecurity in your own choices that this gives rise to is often the root cause of FOMO.
trigger
n. 계기
When you feel an onset of FOMO, ask yourself if the trigger is really something you wish you were doing yourself.
reaffirm
v. 재확인하다
Take some time to reaffirm your own decisions.
fundamental
a. 근본적인
Sometimes FOMO hints at something more fundamental: that you are not happy with your current life.
dismiss
v. 무시하다
You should examine your FOMO before dismissing it out of hand.
viable
a. 실행 가능한
Is this something that is viable for me right now?
undergo
v. 겪다, 경험하다
At each stage, you undergo major life changes.
bring about
~을 일으키다
Accept these stages and the transformations they bring about.
gullible
a. 남을 잘 믿는, 잘 속는
Nobody is gullible enough to accept everything at face value.
sanitize
v. 불쾌한 부분을 제거하다
In our age of photoshop, the images themselves are highly edited and sanitized.
inaccurate
a. 부정확한
Why should you develop negative feelings about yourself based on inaccurate representations of reality?
bolster
v. 북돋우다, 강화하다
Seeing these images may bolster your morale.
vigilant
a. 바짝 경계하는
Always remind yourself of who you are so that you remain vigilant against FOMO.
emulate
v. 모방하다
Whoever you wish you were or wish to emulate, nobody
lives your life for you other than yourself.
dwindle
v. 줄어들다
In this digital era, the value of good rapport in our daily
interactions seems to increasingly dwindle.
precipice
n. 위기, 궁지; 절벽
In this digital era, we are at a precipice with regard to human connection.
distress
n. 고통, 괴로움
That little boy really heard and felt that baby’s distress.
propensity
n. 성향
Having been keenly interested in people’s propensity for empathizing for some time, I developed a system of empathy training.
stand for
~을 상징하다
The E stands for eye contact.
norm
n. 일반적인 것, 규범
Even though cultural norms may vary, eye contact is usually the first indication that we’ve been noticed by someone.
maternal
a. 모성의
This connection goes back as early as maternal bonding with infants.
inherently
ad. 선천적으로 Inherently, every human being has a longing to be seen, understood, and appreciated.
disgusted
a. 혐오감을 느끼는, 역겨워하는
Imagine the disgusted look on someone’s face after eating rotten food.
conveyor
n. 전달자
Posture is another important conveyor of human emotion.
orient oneself to
자신을 ~에 맞추다, 적응시키다
We psychiatrists are trained to label the way a patient displays emotions as a way of orienting ourselves to the emotional experiences of the person.
term
n. 용어
Affect is the scientific term for expressed emotions.
crack
n. 날카로운 소리; 갈라짐
We have all heard a crack in the voice of someone who is about to cry.
edge
n. (흔히 화가 난 목소리의) 날카로움
We have heard the edge in the voice of someone who is about to get angry.
reside
v. ~에 있다
The area in our brain stem is the same area where the nuclei for tone of voice reside.
imply
v. 암시하다
Hearing implies far more than listening to the words that people say.
absorb
v. 흡수하다
We’re constantly absorbing the feelings of others.
mutual
a. 상호의
It turns out that most feelings are actually mutual.
hardwired
a. 내장된
The human brain is hardwired for empathy, so our inner
experiences and feelings actually mirror those of others.
cooperate
v. 협력하다
Parts of our brain closely cooperate, so that we actually have an internal experience of what happens to others.
abound
v. 풍부하다
Modern day exceptions like cyber bullying abound on the Internet.
ruthless
a. 무자비한
These kinds of ruthless actions are probably on the rise because it is much easier to inflict harm on people whose pain you never see.
be tuned in to
~을 잘 알게 되다
Employers who are tuned in to their employees will have a more productive staff.
recovery
n. 회복
Patients who feel cared for will have shorter recovery times.
matter
v. 중요하다
Empathy matters in every corner of your life.
bring out
~을 발휘되게 하다〔끌어내다〕
We all need to walk in the shoes of others to bring out their full potential.
empower
v. ~에게 힘을 주다
When we empower others, we can collectively come together to bring out our best selves.
vexing
a. 짜증나는, 성가신
We can solve the world’s biggest, smallest, and most vexing problems.
desolate
a. 황량한
The desolate field is completely unremarkable, except for one thing.
subterranean
a. 지하의
Below it lies Movile Cave—a subterranean world.
descend
v. 내려가다
The only light, which bounces around the walls as you descend, is from your
helmet.
ochre
n. 황토
You must climb down through narrow limestone tunnels covered in ochre clay.
cavern
n. (큰) 동굴
These paths eventually open out into a cavern containing a lake.
emit
v. 내뿜다
The pool of warm, sulphidic water constantly emits hydrogen sulphide.
emerge
v. 나타나다
You must squeeze through tiny gaps in the rock before emerging into spaces called air bells.
fatal
a. 치명적인
Getting stuck or losing your way in the complex tunnels would be fatal.
scuttle
v. 총총 가다
Movile Cave is filled with all sorts of scuttling and slithering life forms.
identify
v. 알아내다, 발견하다
48 species have been identified, including 33 found nowhere else in the world.
impermeable
a. 불 침투성의
Movile Cave remains impermeable to surface water due to a thick layer of clay above it.
frothy
a. (작은) 거품투성이의
The food comes from the strange frothy bubbles sitting on top of the water.
deficiency
n. 결핍, 부족
The deficiency of sunlight means that in place of photosynthesis they employ a process known as chemosynthesis.
erode
v. 침식시키다
The sulphuric acid gradually erodes the limestone of the cave.
release
v. 방출하다
This in turn releases carbon dioxide, which explains the high concentrations of the gas inside the cave.
bubble up
거품이 일다
Methane gas bubbles up through the waters of the cave.
peculiar
a. 특이한, 기이한
In spite of Movile Cave’s peculiar ecosystem, its bacteria are nothing unusual for some prominent biologists.
trap
v. 가두다
The bacteria have been trapped in the cave for over 5 million years.
obsolete
a. 쓸모없게 된
The lack of a natural source of light makes their eyes obsolete.
translucent
a. 반투명한
Almost all of these creatures are translucent due to the loss of pigment in the skin.
categorize
v. 범주화하다, 분류하다
In the late 1990s, researchers categorized the animals in the cave.
predator
n. 포식자
This forced the animals there to seek shelter in the deep cave, which had no competitors or predators.
find one’s way into
(우연히) ~에 이르게 되다
Different animals may have found their way into the cave at different times.
isolation
n. 고립
Despite their extreme isolation, there are a few ways in which they could have relevance for humans.
culprit
n. (문제를 일으킨) 장본인, 범인
The bacteria’s ability to oxidize methane and carbon dioxide, the biggest culprits when it comes to global warming, is of particular interest.
form
v. 형성하다
The microbes could offer clues about how life first formed on earth.
primordial
a. 태초의; 원시의
The atmosphere they live in is similar to that of primordial earth.
sediment
n. 침전물
There are plenty more organisms buried in the cave’s sediment waiting to be identified.
frontier
n. 최전선, 한계
Dr. Sylvia Earle has spent over four decades at the frontier of deep ocean exploration.
laurels
n. 영예
She has earned such laurels as Time’s first “Hero for the Planet.”
propagate
v. 선전하다, 전파하다
She is propagating ideas about positive change for our planet.
restore
v. 복원하다
Mission Blue's objective is to protect and restore the ocean through the
creation of “Hope Spots.”
poignant
a. 가슴 아픈, 통렬한
Dr. Earle presents some poignant observations to urge the public to take action
regarding the plight of the oceans.
precipitation
n. 강우; 강설
The water that falls from the sky in the form of precipitation originate in the oceans.
regulate
v. 조절하다
The ocean governs planetary chemistry and regulates temperature.
inextricably
ad. 불가분하게
The ocean and the atmosphere are a single, continuous, interacting system, inextricably linked and working together in concert.
accumulation
n. 축적
Tell us about the problems our oceans face, such as pollution and plastic accumulation.
get rid of
~을 제거하다
We have regarded the ocean as a place to throw away or get rid of
whatever it is that we don’t want.
commodity
n. 상품, 산물
We’ve used it as a source of commodities, whether it’s oil, gas, or fish.
run out
바닥나다
Our attitude has been that the ocean is like a bank account that never runs out.
consequence
n. 결과
Now we’re seeing the consequences of this ignorance.
legacy
n. (과거로부터의) 유산
Everything we put in the ocean endures as a legacy for all time.
conspicuous
a. 눈에 잘 띄는, 뚜렷한
The plastics in the ocean remain conspicuous.
tangible
a. 실체적인, 유형적인
They become tangible symbols of our maltreatment of the planet.
overfishing
n. 남획
How do problems such as overfishing affect our oceans?
vast
a. 방대한
The chemistry of the ocean is shaped by life in the ocean and its vast, interconnected food webs.
digestion
n. 소화
A whale eats krill, and after the digestion process, it puts back into the ocean nutrients.
be equipped with
~을 갖추고 있다
Now humans are equipped with technology capable of extracting hundreds
of millions of tons of ocean wildlife.
integrity
n. 온전함
We are destroying the integrity of the wild ocean’s natural systems.
pristine
a. 자연〔원래〕 그대로의, 때묻지 않은
We should do everything we can to embrace pristine areas.
intact
a. (손상되지 않고) 온전한
The places are intact and represent the distillation of all preceding history.
undefiled
a. 더럽혀지지 않은
Hope Spots embrace these undefiled areas.
resilience
n. 회복력
The wonderful thing about a healthy, natural system is its resilience.
transcend
v. 초월하다, 능가하다
We humans have a capacity which transcends what other creatures have.
civilization
n. 문명 Civilization is now connected to all the knowledge of the past.
impart
v. (정보·지식 등을) 전하다
There’s reason for hope because of the knowledge we can impart to kids.
infinite
a. 무한한
We cannot continue to burn through our assets, as they are not infinite.
indispensable
a. 필수적인
We must arm them with the most indispensable thing we have.
embody
v. 구현하다, 상징하다
As art embodies the formless and constantly changing multiplicity of ideas.
integrate
v. 흡수하다, 통합시키다
Our lifestyles quickly adapt and we integrate them into our everyday lives.
inured
a. 익숙해진, 단련된
We become inured to these new technologies.
implement
v. 시행하다, 구현하다
Art implements them in ways that wander from their initial, intended uses.
quotidian
a. 일상적인
Art shifts and renews our perspectives on what has become quotidian.
proliferation
n. 급증, 확산
Kinetic art emerged as a response to the increasing proliferation of industrial technologies.
embrace
v. 포괄하다, 아우르다
It embraces a number of different art forms, media types, and styles.
dynamic
a. 역동적인
This dynamic art form has its origins in the Dadaist and Constructivist movements.
in reference to
~에 관하여
They are credited with first using the actual word “kinetic” in reference to the visual arts.
oscillate
v. 진동하다, 왕복하다
Gabo presented an electrically powered strip of wire which oscillated rapidly from side to side.
suspend
v. 걸다, 매달다
He created a range of suspended geometrically-shaped objects.
exponent
n. 옹호자, 주창자
Alexander Calder became the leading exponent of moving sculpture.
stationary
a. 정지된, 움직이지 않는
His stabiles are enormous sculptures that, while stationary, suggest a powerful dynamism.
flourish
v. 번영하다, 번창하다
kinetic art flourished throughout the period from 1960 to 1975.
anthropomorphic
a. 의인화된 Anthropomorphic assemblages of motors and light fused with brightly colored metal wheels were among his first signature pieces.
garner
v. 얻다
Its practitioners garnered international recognition.
avant-garde
a. 전위적인
The avant-garde spirit waned.
ethos
n. (특정 집단·사회의) 기풍, 정신
The anti-establishment ethos was further eroded.
inspiration
n. 영감
Creators keep extracting inspiration from it.
emphasis
n. 중점, 강조
Robotic art carries on kinetic art’s emphasis on actual movement.
prompt
v. 촉구하다, 유발하다
It conveys strong social messages by prompting viewers to question the relationship between humans and the technology.
engagement
n. 참여, 관련
Other new forms of art have been inspired by kinetic art’s engagement with technology.
contemporary
a. 동시대의, 현대적인
Other new forms of art have introduced contemporary technological developments into the art world.
thought-provoking
a. 생각을 일깨우는
These new art forms have produced some of the most innovative and thought-provoking pieces.
go under the hammer
경매로 팔리다
Marcel Duchamp’s famous Bicycle Wheel from 1913 went under the hammer for $1.6 million back in 2002.
well
n. 근원, 원천; 우물
Kinetic art serves as a well of inspiration for future generations.
perpetual
a. 끊임없이 계속되는
The perpetual motion of kineticism keeps on going.
undiminished
a. 줄어들지 않은
The legacy of kinetic art remains undiminished.
ensemble
n. 합주단
Sinawi is a musical genre performed by an instrumental ensemble.
improvisation
n. 즉흥 연주
The genre requires the most extensive improvisation among Korean musical genres.
showcase
v. 돋보이게 하다, 공개하다
The genre showcases the expertise of the musicians.
vocable
n. (소리의 구성에서 본) 말, 단어
A singer sometimes joins the ensemble singing non-lexical vocables called gueum.
descendant
n. 후손, 자손
The shaman-musicians were principally the male descendants of a shaman family
virtuosic
a. 고도의 기술을 보여 주는
Sinawi instrumentalists developed virtuosic musical and improvisatory techniques.
secular
a. 세속적인
It became a secular professional musical genre in the 19th century.
variant
n. 변종, 이형
There are four regional variants of sinawi.
percussion
n. 타악기
Another version of sinawi performed with the taepyeongso and percussion has recently evolved.
idiom
n. 표현 양식
Gyeonggi and Namdo sinawi share the same musical idiom.
scale
n. 음계
Yukjabaegi-tori consists of the basic scale degrees of mi, sol, la, do-ti, and re.
instrumentation
n. 기악법
Gyeonggi and Namdo sinawi differ from one another in terms of their rhythm and instrumentation.
meter
n. 박자
One of the most common dances, called salpuri, is in a 12/8 meter.
representative
a. 대표하는
Sinawi became a representative stage performance genre independent of its local religious context.
modal
a. (음악) 음계의
Sinawi came to be a “fixed” form with specific rhythmic and modal schemes.
spontaneous
a. 자발적인, 자연스러운
The performance of sinawi depends on the highly developed, spontaneous creativity of the musicians.
moderate
a. 보통의, 중간의
Sinawi usually begins with a slow jinyangjo in an 18/8 meter and gradually progresses to a moderate jungmori in a 12/4 meter.
configuration
n. 배열, 배치
Within the prescribed jangdan framework and modal configuration, the melody flows with heterophonic and polyphonic lines.
extemporization
n. 즉흥 연주
The prescribed rhythmic patterns and modal configuration are only points of reference for the extemporization that continues throughout the performance.
juxtaposition
n. 병렬, 병치
The melodi juxtapositions in sinawi are highly unpredictable.
stock
a. 상투적인, 흔한
Each player has a varied number of stock melodic motifs or phrases.
interweave
v. 뒤섞다
The aesthetic quality of sinawi is based on how well the musicians can interweave their individual performances.
potential
n. 가능성, 잠재력
Performers have shown that there is great potential for successful fusion of sinawi and Western musical genres like jazz.
exhilarating
a. 아주 신나는
A virtuosic cadenza is often a part of the exhilarating performance.
inherent
a. 내재하는
The improvisational element inherent in sinawi makes it a highly relevant art form in our contemporary world.
collaboration
n. 공동 작업
Sinawi has proved in numerous collaborations worldwide that it has the potential to touch people’s emotions regardless of their background.
succumb
v. 굴복하다
Its versatility and adaptability have allowed it to be less likely to succumb to the
gnawing effects of time.
domestic
a. 국내적인
Sinawi is likely to continue to reach beyond its domestic boundaries.
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