v. (힘든 문제·상황과) 씨름하다
World leaders reached a climate-change agreement to tackle the environmental problems.
establish
v. 설정하다; 설립하다
The historic agreement established a target of keeping the rise in temperature at no higher than 2°C above preindustrial levels worldwide.
negotiation
n. 협상 Negotiations between the two countries led to a peace treaty.
enter into force
(법·규칙 등이) 발효되다, 시행되다
The new traffic law will enter into force next month.
ratify
v. 비준하다
The Senate will ratify the treaty this week.
identify
v. 찾다, 발견하다
Scientists have identified some of the most urgent problems of climate disaster.
combat
v. (방지하기 위해) 싸우다
Doctors do their best to combat disease.
collapse
n. 붕괴
The bridge collapsed because of heavy traffic.
inevitable
a. 불가피한, 필연적인
The conflict between two teams is seemingly inevitable.
shrink
v. (규모·양이) 줄어들다
Antarctica’s Thwaites Glacier has shrunk in recent decades.
modest
a. (크기·가격·중요성 등이) 그다지 대단하지는 않은, 보통의
The melting of glaciers is causing a modest amount of sea level rise.
remain
v. 계속[여전히] ~이다
Another serious issue remains buried underground.
layer
n. 층
Permafrost, the icy frozen layer of plants and grass, has kept billions of tons of carbon trapped.
reflect
v. (빛·열·음을) 반사하다
As Arctic sea ice melts in summer, its blinding whiteness is no longer there to reflect the sun’s rays.
absorb
v. 흡수하다
The dark ocean surface absorbs more light and heat.
underlying
a. 밑에 있는
When that permafrost melts, the underlying plants decompose.
suspect
v. 생각하다, 추측하다
Some suspect that 70 percent of the Arctic’s permafrost could vanish.
vanish
v. 사라지다
The shadow of a man appeared and suddenly vanished.
originate
v. 비롯되다, 유래하다
In 1999, the West Nile virus was originated in Uganda.
extensively
ad. 널리, 광범위하게
The West Nile virus had more victims than
ever because it was able to spread extensively throughout the world.
explosive
a. 폭발적으로 증가하는
The spread of the infection was blamed on an explosive growth of the mosquito population.
outbreak
n. (전쟁·사고·질병 등의) 발생
There was an outbreak of flu last month.
transmission
n. 전염, 전파; 전달
The rise in temperature lengthens the transmission season.
acidify
v. 산성화되다; 산성화하다
Oceans absorb about a quarter of the carbon dioxide, which acidifies marine habitats.
alter
v. 변하다; 바꾸다
The altered chemistry of the sea influences how ocean animals see, hear, and smell.
prey
n. 먹이; 사냥감
The altered chemistry of the sea makes it difficult for them to find prey and to survive.
arise
v. 생기다, 발생하다
Several good ideas arose during the dinner.
supply
v. 공급하다
The bank supplied the necessary money to the complany.
significantly
ad. 상당히
In the Bering Sea, the population of pollock is shrinking significantly.
nutritious
a. 영양분이 많은, 영양가가 높은
The less-nutritious plankton does not make young fish healthy enough to survive cold winters.
extinction
n. 멸종, 소멸
Some observers already fear oceanic changes are pushing sea life toward mass extinction.
immediate
a. (아주) 가까이에 있는
The big risks and overall effects of
global warming are far more immediate.
devastating
a. 대단히 파괴적인
The big risks and overall effects of global warming are far more devastating than scientists once thought.
threatened
a. 멸종위기에 처한
The global warming is not just about melting ice, threatened animal species, and plant growth.
migration
n. (대규모) 이주, 이동
The global warming causes many human problems, such as hunger, disease, mass migration, and war.
exclude
v. 제외하다
we are united by the global crisis that does not exclude any nation or region.
solidarity
n. 연대, 결속
The purpose of the meeting is to show solidarity with team members.
turnaround
n. 호전; 전환
The sense of global solidarity can bring about a dramatic turnaround.
household
n. 가정
The simple steps you take in your household will make a difference.
multiply
v. 크게 증가시키다
The actions will be multiplied by millions of people all over the world.
influential
a. 영향력 있는
David Ogilvy is considered to have been the most influential man in the world of advertising.
transform
v. (완전히) 바꿔 놓다
Ogilvy transformed the marketing and advertising industry with new ideas.
approach
n. 접근 방법
His approach is considered to be practical.
innovation
n. 혁신
His innovations came from his experiences in that field.
bold
a. 대담한, 용감한
A bold man jumped into the river to save a child.
unconventional
a. 관습에 얽매이지 않는; 독특한
She was unconventional as a teacher, so many others were opposed to her opinion.
agency
n. 대행사
In 1948, at the age of 37, Ogilvy opened an advertising agency.
doubtful
a. 의심스러운
People were doubtful of his chances of success.
convince
v. 확신시키다
Ogilvy was convinced that his life of constant learning was all the training he needed.
discipline
n. 자기 훈련
His management principles stemmed from his experience as a chef: hard work, discipline, and excellence.
reliable
a. 신뢰할 만한
Advertising has to convey clear and reliable information.
factor
n. 요소
Research is the identifying factors that predict why one advertisement might be more successful than another.
publication
n. 출판
In the years since its first publication, his book has sold more than any other book on advertising.
enduring
a. 지속되는, 오래가는
The secret of the book’s enduring fame is that Ogilvy’s lessons and strategies for marketing are timeless.
practice
v. 사용하다; 실행하다
Here are some of Ogilvy’s most important rules for advertising and marketing that are still widely practiced today.
brief
a. 간결한
Keep explanations as brief and clear as possible.
clarity
n. 명확함, 명료성
The clarity of Mr. Kim's lessons makes learning easy.
distract
v. 분산시키다
Do not let anything distract you from the sole purpose of the advertisement.
remarkably
ad. 몹시, 현저하게
The message from the advertisement is remarkably clear.
position
v. ~의 자리를 잡다
Ogilvy positioned a new product as a soap for people with dry.
ordinary
a. 평범한
Today was an ordinary day. Nothing exciting happened.
manufacturer
n. 제조사, 제조업자
The company became the biggest smartphone manufacturer in the world.
competitor
n. 경쟁자
The soap company set against the unrealistic promises of improvement made by its competitors.
unattainable
a. 도달 불가능한
People are supporting the fight against the unattainable stereotype by the media.
flaw
n. 결점, 흠
People would celebrate their flaws, such as wrinkles, gray hair.
freckle
n. 주근깨
He got freckles all over his face in the summer.
underestimate
v. 과소평가하다
Do not underestimate the consumer.
treat
v. 대하다
Do not think of your consumers as dumb,
but treat them as if they were your family.
audience
n. 청중; 시청자
If you want to be successful in marketing,
you have to respect your audience.
trustworthy
a. 신뢰할 수 있는
It seems that advertisers ignore the fact that an advertisement must provide trustworthy information.
surgery
n. 수술
He had surgery for the torn muscle in his shoulder last week.
claim
n. 주장
The advertisers claim that their product cleans better than similar products.
cosmetic
a. 성형의
Many cosmetics are claimed to make wrinkles disappear.
exclusively
ad. 오로지; 배타적으로
His lessons and ideas are not limited exclusively to the world of advertising.
inspiration
n. 영감
David Ogilvy taught us that the sources of inspiration for meaningful communication
are sincerity and trust.
remarkable
a. 두드러진
His life story of remarkable challenges and
achievements shows us his tireless effort.
source
n. 원천
Poorly written instructions were the source of the confusion.
enforce
v. 강요하다
The community achieved the ideal level of social harmony by enforcing “Sameness.”
eliminate
v. 제거하다
Many cleaning products claim to eliminate germs.
conflict
n. 갈등, 충돌
There has always been conflict between the two countries.
suffering
n. 고통
As a result, people lived without worrying or suffering.
matter
n. 문제
Decisions in all matters of importance were all made by the Elders.
turn
v. (어떤 나이·시기가) 되다
When Jonas turned twelve, he was chosen to receive memories from the Giver.
eventually
ad. 결국, 궁극적으로
The boy would eventually become the new Giver who would be able to provide lessons from the past.
expand
v. 확장되다
The boy’s mind expanded as he received memories from the Giver.
starvation
n. 기아, 굶주림
He was also given memories that were painful, such as memories of war and starvation.
erase
v. (완전히) 지우다, 없애다
These memories were those that the community had erased in order to build a society of people with no emotions.
restore
v. 회복하다, 회복시키다
Jonas concluded that the community should have its memories and feelings restored.
devise
v. 고안하다, 만들어내다
Jonas devised a plan to escape to Elsewhere.
toddler
n. 걸음마를 시작한 유아
The toddler had been behaving badly and refused to go to sleep at night.
lethal
a. 치명적인
The Giver had explained how the community “released” with a lethal injection anyone who broke the rules of sameness.
hunch
v. (등을) 구부리다
When the sky became dark, he left the house, hunched over the handlebars of his bicycle,
escape
v. 달아나다, 탈출하다
He knew that people would soon find out that he had escaped.
bounce
v. 위아래로 흔들리다
He could feel a little head touching his back, bouncing gently as he rode.
transmit
v. 전하다
He had transmitted to him one of the most
soothing memories he had.
ease
v. 편해지다
As the memory passed to the new child, he could feel Gabe’s sleep ease and deepen.
pass
v. (시간·날 등이) 지나가다
The days passed, but Jonas had lost count.
device
n. 장치, 기구
The search planes used heat-seeking devices, which could locate two human bodies on the ground.
habitation
n. 거주
As he pedaled through isolated landscapes with almost no sign of human habitation.
instinctively
ad. 본능적으로
He grabbed instinctively for Gabriel.
twisted
a. 삔, 접질린
The child was uninjured, but Jonas’s ankle was twisted.
diminish
v. 줄어들다, 약해지다
He had forgotten the fear of the searchers, who seemed to have diminished into the past.
desperate
a. 절망적인 Desperate fears began to build in his mind.
starve
v. 굶주리다, 굶어 죽다
The most frightening of his new fears
was that they would starve.
cultivate
v. (땅을) 경작하다, 일구다
Now that they had left the cultivated fields behind them, it was almost impossible to find food.
kneel
v. 무릎을 꿇다
Jonas knelt by a stream and tried to catch a fish with his hands.
fashion
v. (손으로) 만들다, 빚다
He fashioned a makeshift net, looping the strands of Gabriel’s blanket around a curved stick.
sink
v. 줄어들다, 약해지다
But his hope to reach it was sinking fast.
exhausted
a. 지쳐버린, 기운이 빠진 Exhausted from hunger and cold, he struggled to get back on his bicycle.
shiver
v. (몸을) 떨다
He forced the memory of warmth into the thin, shivering body in his arms.
settle
v. (편하게) 앉히다
He settled himself on the sled and hugged Gabe close.
steep
a. 가파른, 비탈진
The hill was steep, but the snow was soft.
renew
v. 새롭게 하다 Renewed with hope, his freezing body grew strong again.
destination
n. 목적지
They sped in a straight line that seemed to lead to the final destination.
twinkle
v. 반짝거리다
The lights were the red, blue, and yellow lights that twinkled from trees.
certainty
n. 확실성
Suddenly he was aware with certainty that below, ahead, they were waiting for him and Gabriel.
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