4000 Essential English Words 2e 3 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

royal

adj. related to a king or queen
The Duchess was part of the royal family.

chamber

n. a closed space or room used for a special purpose
The meeting was held in the faculty chamber.

distinct

adj. different or stands out
He has a distinct accent.

lion

n. a large animal in the cat family
We went to see the lion at the zoo.

corridor

n. a narrow passage
He took the corridor on the left to go to his office.

core

n. the main or central part of something
Earth has a solid inner core.

sole

adj. the only one
She was the sole woman in the room.

channel

n. a long, deep space between two edges
The river cut a channel through the rocks.

glory

n. the importance, magnificence, or specialness of something
They enjoyed the glory of the beautiful sunset.

acre

n. a unit for measuring area
They lived on a 150-acre farm.

interior

n. the inside of something
They looked at the interior of the box.

role

n. a job, position, or part in something
Her role in the office is to sell products to customers.

afterlife

n. a life that begins when a person dies
I believe that there is an afterlife.

found

v. to start, organize, or establish that thing
My grandfather founded the City Bank.

engineer

n. to skillfully plan out how to make that thing
After engineering the robot, they needed to find the correct parts to build it.

archaeology

n. the study of the remains left by ancient societies
He enjoyed visiting the Great Pyramids of Egypt because he loves archaeology.

gap

n. a space between two things
There is a small gap between the blocks of wood.

stairs

n. a set of steps built to go from one level of a building to another
He took the stairs instead of the elevator.

surface

n. the top layer of something
She wiped the surface of the table.

elite

adj. a high-level group
Only an elite group was allowed membership into the club.

forge

v. to make or produce, especially with difficulty
Stacy and Heather forged their friendship when they were teenagers.

humble

adj. People who are humble do not believe that they are better than other people
Even though Bob is the smartest boy in his class, he is humble.

blacksmith

n. a person who makes things out of metal
The blacksmith pounded the piece of metal until it was flat.

encounter

v. to find or meet a person or thing
I encountered a sea turtle while I was swimming.

province

n. an area that is controlled by a country
Canada is divided into several different provinces.

satisfaction

n. the feeling of having done or received something good
Brad was filled with satisfaction when he saw what was for dinner.

arise

n. to arise is to happen
Difficulties arose with his computer because it was old.

chimney

n. a tall pipe used to carry smoke out of a building
The cat was sitting on the roof next to the chimney.

iron

n. a strong metal that is used to make many objects
The horse had shoes made of iron.

sustain

v. to keep it going
Wind power is a clean way to sustain a city with energy.

exceed

v. to be more than something
Since I exceeded my limit, I decided to get rid of my credit cards.

agreement

n. a formal decision about future action
I think you’ll get Tom’s agreement to this proposal.

benefactor

n. a person who gives money to help someone
The student’s benefactor gave him money to spend on his studies.

compensate

n. to pay someone for the time they spent doing something
Her boss compensated her for the extra work she did last week.

penny

n. a coin worth one cent
US President Abraham Lincoln is on the penny.

occupy

n. to live, work, or be there
Kevin and Alice occupied the chairs and had a long discussion.

ladder

n. an object that is used to climb up and down
He used a ladder to climb to the top of his tree house.

modest

adj. If people are modest, they do not think that they are too important
Derek is very modest for someone who is so rich.

prosper

n. to be successful or make a lot of money
Frank’s new business finally prospered after many years of hard work.

preach

v. to talk about and promote a religious idea
Aaron often preached about living an honest life.

ridiculous

adj. silly or strange
Steve looked ridiculous with those huge blue sunglasses.

venture

v. to go to a place that may be dangerous
Even though it was dangerous, they ventured up the mountain.

acquire

v. to get or gain possession of that thing
Tina acquired a strange package yesterday.

lodge

n. a house in the mountains used by people who hunt or fish
During our ski trip, we stayed at a lodge.

discourage

v. to make someone feel less excited about something
Mr. Perry discouraged the students from quitting school.

inferior

adj. not as good as something else
Cars built a hundred years ago are inferior to ones built today.

wheat

n. a plant from which we get the grain used to make bread
The field of golden wheat was ready to be harvested.

fake

adj. made to look real in order to trick people
The model was wearing fake hair.

hatred

n. a strong feeling of not liking someone or something
I have a hatred for the taste of medicine.

hut

n. a house made of wood, grass, or mud that has only one or two rooms
We all went into the hut to sleep.

satisfactory

adj. good enough
Mina often received satisfactory grades since she studied so hard.

deceive

n. to make someone believe something that is not true
He tried to deceive his friends with a card trick.

neglect

v. to not take care of it properly
William neglected his room, so it is a complete mess.

newcomer

n. a person who has recently arrived at a place or a group
The students happily welcomed the newcomer to the school.

shepherd

n. a person who protects and cares for sheep
The shepherd moved the sheep to another field.

awkward

adj. embarrassing and uncomfortable
After dropping his coffee cup, Robbie felt awkward.

caretaker

n. a person who takes care of very young, old, or sick people
My grandmother’s caretaker helps her get around the house.

repay

v. to pay back or to reward someone or something
She repaid her friend for all of his hard work with a small gift.

offense

n. behavior that is wrong or breaks a law
Stealing a car is a very serious offense.

overlook

v. to not notice it or to not realize that it is important
Brenda overlooked the last step and had a bad fall.

chore

n. an unpleasant job that must be done
It’s Nikki’s chore to do the dishes every Tuesday and Wednesday night.

sled

n. a small vehicle used on snow
Marvin likes to ride his sled down the hill in winter.

valentine

n. someone loved or admired with great affection.
Harry wanted Molly to be his valentine.

overnight

adv. happens during the night
The campers stayed in the tent overnight.

tease

n. to laugh at or make fun of someone
Jake teased Charlie because he was the new student.

bunch

n. a group of the same things
She was hungry, so she ate the entire bunch of grapes.

loose

adj. not held in place tightly
The bolt was loose, so I tightened it with the wrench.

pine

n. a type of tall, thin tree with needles instead of leaves
There were many beautiful pine trees in the forest.

grateful

adj. feels thankful about something
The girls were grateful for the chance to visit their grandfather.

sensation

n. a feeling that people get from their senses
Mom got a painful sensation in her head from the loud noise.

ax

n. a tool used to cut wood
She used an ax to cut some wood for the fire.

kid

n. to say something that is not true as a joke
I am not really mad. I was kidding when I said I was angry.

scar

n. a mark on the skin after a wound heals
The man had horrible scars on his cheek and forehead.

decent

adj. OK or good enough
Eric did a decent job painting the fence.

persist

v. to keep doing something even when it is hard
Even though the lesson was difficult, he persisted until he understood.

elbow

n. the middle part of an arm, where it bends
She pointed to her elbow to show me where she hurt herself.

alley

n. a narrow road between houses or buildings
The alley behind my house looks dirty.

disgraceful

adj. behavior that is very bad
This is a disgraceful waste of money.

irritate

v. to annoy someone
Karen’s brother irritated her when he told her that he had lost her camera.

offend

v. to make someone angry or upset
They were both offended by what they had said to each other.

acquaint

n. to get to know something or someone
Nancy acquainted herself with the new computer.

pirate

n. a sailor who steals things from other boats
Pirates are very scary characters.

rot

n. to slowly get softer and become destroyed
The old log began to rot in the forest.

skeleton

v. all the bones of a body
There is a skeleton in the science classroom.

creature

n. an animal or person
Those creatures live in Africa.

spoil

v. to rot or to make bad
We left the fruit out too long, and it spoiled.

starve

v. to not get enough food for a long period of time
During the war, many people starved.

inhabitant

n. a person who lives in a certain place
The number of inhabitants in the countryside is increasing.

curse

n. to hope that bad things happen to that person
The witch cursed the village.

publication

n. something printed, like a newspaper or book
She’s been a subscriber to that publication for over ten years.

disguise

n. something you wear so people cannot tell who you are
Everyone knew that it was Dad in the Santa disguise.

thrill

n. an exciting feeling
The surfer enjoys the thrill of surfing a big wave.

fancy

adj. nicer or more detailed than normal
Their table was all set for a fancy dinner.

flashlight

n. a small electric light that people carry in their hands
We took a flashlight when we went camping.

shortly

adv. happens very soon
My workday will end shortly.

wicked

adj. very bad or evil
My boss is a very wicked man.

cemetery

n. a place where people are buried when they die
Some people are scared of cemeteries.

riddle

n. a question that is difficult to answer but meant to be funny
I could not answer Wendy’s riddle, but it made me laugh.

hood

n. part of a coat that goes over a person's head
She put on her hood to keep her head warm.

nourish

v. to give someone or something the food needed to live
A good mother will nourish her baby every day.

bump

n. an area of skin that is raised up due to injury
If another animal touches the bumps, something happens.

senator

n. someone who makes laws for a state
The young senator promised to make laws that would help the people.

tap

v. to hit it lightly
He tapped the keys of the keyboard to write a short word.

chop

n. to cut it into pieces with a tool
Mom chopped some vegetables to put into the stew.

broadcast

n. a television or radio show
We watched the broadcast of the local news on TV.

district

n. a small part of a city, county, state, or country
I live in a residential district of Seattle, Washington.

skull

n. the hard head bone that protects the brain
The brain is protected by the skull.

stir

v. to mix it using something small, like a spoon
Mom stirred the batter until it was smooth.

tremendous

adj. very large or very good
The Earth’s oceans are filled with a tremendous amount of water.

alert

v. to tell or warn that person about something
The fire alarm alerted us that there was a problem.

console

v. to give comfort to a person who feels sad
When my dog ran away, my dad consoled me.

bulletin

n. a news report about very recent and important events
There was a live bulletin reporting on the economy of the city.

closet

n. a small room used to store things
Marie has many clothes inside of her closet.

endure

n. to experience and survive something difficult
She had to endure her husband shouting all day long.

rear

n. the back part of that thing
The man loaded the rear of his truck with boxes.

underneath

prep. below or under
The roots of a tree are located underneath the ground.

execute

v. to kill someone as a legal punishment
Some people are executed for serious crimes.

worm

n. a small animal with a long, thin body
Worms are often used to help catch fish.

drawer

n. a small part in furniture that is used to store things
I put my clothes into the empty drawers.

grasp

v. to hold it
He grasped the bag of money tightly.

senses

n. how living things experience the world: sight, taste, smell, hearing and touch
It would be hard to live without your five senses.

bay

n. an area near the ocean where the land goes inward
The Golden Gate Bridge crosses San Francisco Bay.

expedition

n. a long trip, usually to a place very far away
They got into their spaceship to begin their expedition.

horizon

n. where the sky looks like it meets the ground
The sun dipped below the horizon.

refuge

n. a place of safety
When it started to rain, she found refuge in the house.

rub

v. to push on it and move your hand back and forth
Mom’s feet were sore, so she rubbed them.

bark

v. to make a short, loud noise, like a dog
The dog barked loudly and frighteningly.

mutual

adj. felt in the same way by two or more people
Robert likes Sarah, and she likes him. The feeling is mutual.

enthusiastic

adj. excited by or interested in something
The man was enthusiastic about his job.

veterinarian

n. a doctor who takes care of animals
Wanda became a veterinarian because she loves dogs.

ambitious

adj. person wants to be rich or successful
Kendra had to be ambitious to get into medical school.

brilliant

adj. very bright or smart
My younger sister is brilliant for someone her age.

restore

v. to put it back the way it was
Victor restored the old car.

chin

n. the hard part at the bottom of a person's face
Luke pointed to the hair on his chin.

complaint

n. an expression of unhappiness about something.
Mom said she didn’t want to hear my brother’s complaints.

abandon

v. to leave it forever or for a long time
The old room had been abandoned years before.

deaf

adj. cannot hear
Susan uses sign language because she is deaf.

loyal

adj. always help or support a certain person or thing
The three friends are very loyal to each other.

mayor

n. the person in charge of a city
The mayor of my hometown is quite a powerful speaker.

overweight

adj. heavier than is healthy
Lisa eats too much, so now she’s overweight.

coal

n. hard black material that people burn for heat
Many power stations burn coal to produce energy.

fabric

n. cloth used to make clothes, furniture, etc.
The towels were made from a soft fabric.

burst

v. to suddenly break open or apart
The bomb burst over the city.

mill

n. a building in which wheat is ground into flour
The farmer took his wheat to the mill to make it into flour.

shed

n. a small building in which people store things like tools
We have a small shed in the backyard for storage.

anniversary

n. a day that celebrates something from the past
My parents went out to a restaurant for their wedding anniversary.

sew

v. to put pieces of cloth together using string or thread
I learned to sew when I was a little girl.

thread

n. a thin piece of string
I have many different colors of thread at home.

needle

n. a small, sharp piece of metal used to make or fix clothes
I used a needle to fix the hole in my pants.

carpenter

n. a person who builds things with wood
We hired a carpenter to make a cupboard.

couch

n. a long, soft seat that many people can sit on
Kim and Martin’s new couch was very expensive.

upwards

adv. moves vertically towards the direction above
The kite went upwards further and further.

elegant

adj. very fancy and pleasing
In Japan, women wear elegant kimonos on special occasions.

ashamed

adj. feeling upset and embarrassed because of a bad action
He was ashamed when he forgot his teacher’s name.

ivory

n. a hard, white substance that comes from elephants
The elephant’s long ivory tusks looked very impressive.

polish

v. to rub it in order to make it shiny
Mark spent all morning polishing his shoes for the wedding.

drip

n. to fall a little bit at a time
I heard water dripping from the faucet.

arithmetic

n. Mmath
I like to study arithmetic at school.

trim

v. to cut it a little bit
I had my hair trimmed this afternoon.

highlands

n. high areas of land, usually with mountains
The man had a small home in the highlands.

opponent

n. a person or group trying to defeat another person or group
On the field, our opponents were too good for us.

wrestle

v. to try to push another competitor to the floor
My dad loved to wrestle when he was in high school.

bounce

v. to move up and away from a surface after hitting it
Owen bounced the ball on the ground.

entire

adj. the whole thing or group
The entire table was covered with food.

sore

adj. feeling or causing pain
After lifting the heavy box, Mona’s back was sore.

dominant

adj. stronger than others
The gorilla is one of the dominant animals in the jungle.

strain

v. to try very hard
Casey strained to lift the heavy box.

nod

v. to move your head up and down
I nodded my head as I listened to the song.

torture

n. action that causes physical or mental pain
Greg thought that writing the essay was torture.

dial

n. a circular tool, like the front of a clock
I looked at the dial to see what time it was.

sting

v. to cause pain by pushing a sharp part into the skin
The needle stung my arm and made me say, “Ouch!”

mercy

n. a feeling or act of kindness
He asked his boss for mercy and to not fire him.

ally

n. someone who agrees to help or support another person or group
I was happy to find many allies who shared my opinion.

crawl

v. to move slowly on hands and knees
The baby crawled across the floor.

bully

n. a person who is mean to others
The two bullies always picked on the smaller, weaker kids.

defeat

v. to beat that person in a game or battle
The champion defeated the challenger in the boxing match.

quarrel

v. to argue or fight
Billy quarreled with his wife about buying a new house.

rival

n. someone trying to achieve the same thing as another
The three rivals were all competing for the same job.

boast

v. to talk about how great one is
We all became tired of listening to him boast about himself all day.

carbohydrate

n. substances in foods like bread that give energy
Carbohydrates like rice are a good source of energy for active people.

reproduce

v. to make something exactly how someone else did it
The children tried to reproduce their house using toy blocks.

bald

adj. has no hair
My oldest brother is bald.

wagon

n. a cart used to carry heavy things
He used his wagon to carry some of his gifts.

wrinkle

n. a line on a person's face that appears as they get old
My grandfather has some wrinkles on his face.

pat

v. to hit it softly with your hand
I patted some lotion onto my face.

blanket

n. a piece of cloth that people use to keep warm or to sit upon
I laid a blanket on the ground so that we could have a picnic.

relief

n. a good feeling after something bad or challenging ends
I felt a sense of relief when I heard the good news.

urgent

adj. important and needs to be done now
He had to leave at that moment; it was urgent.

creep

v. to move quietly and slowly
The cat slowly crept down the tree.

suck

v. to put something in your mouth and try to get something out of it
The baby sucked milk from her bottle.

aloud

adv. done so that people can hear it
My father often reads stories aloud to me and my sister.

divorce

n. the process of ending a marriage
Divorce rates have increased in the past twenty years.

kidnap

v. to take that person illegally
She was terrified to find out her son had been kidnapped.

absence

n. the state of something being away
There is an absence of sand in the hourglass.

rhyme

v. writing or speech that has words with the same ending sounds
“Humpty Dumpty” is an old rhyme that children learn in school.

imitate

n. to act in the exact same way
He imitated his favorite superhero by putting on a costume.

nap

v. a short sleep, usually during the day
I took a short nap because I had stayed up late last night.

infant

n. a baby
The infant cried all night.

nowhere

adv. no place or not existing
Unfortunately, water was nowhere to be found.

vanish

v. to go away suddenly
All the passengers vanished from the train station.

bloom

v. to produce an open flower
The white daisies were about to bloom.

gallery

n. a large space where people can see works of art
The art gallery displayed beautiful paintings.

pink

adj. a pale shade of red
She chose a pink lipstick.

temperature

n. a measure of how hot or cold something is
In the winter, the temperature can drop below 0 degrees.

canoe

n. a long, light boat with pointed ends
He paddled his canoe to the edge of the lake.

welcome

n. to greet someone or something with pleasure
She greeted her friends with a warm welcome.

plane

n. a vehicle that has an engine and wings and flies in the air
They took a plane across the ocean to India.

cousin

n. the child of one's aunt and uncle
My cousin looks just like me.

basket

n. a container made of woven materials that is used to carry things
He put the vegetables in a basket.

theater

n. a place where people can watch movies or live shows
He took her to see a comedy show at the theater.

carpet

n. a thick, heavy, woven fabric used to cover the floor
His white living room carpet was soft.

host

n. someone who invites a guest someplace
He was a gracious host.

refrigerator

n. a large electrical machine used to keep food cold
He kept milk, eggs, and butter in the refrigerator.

museum

n. a building that displays cultural, social, and scientific objects
The Louvre is a famous museum in France.

desk

n. a piece of furniture that people sit at to do work
She put the books on her desk.

guest

n. someone who is invited to an event, occasion, or location
Alice invited a special guest for dinner.

July

n. The seventh month of the year
Her birthday is in July.

modern

adj. belongs to the current time
The kitchen had a modern look.

upper

adj. a higher position
He took the elevator to the upper floor.

architecture

n. the design and form of a building
The Sydney Opera House is a good example of modern architecture.

casual

adj. relaxed or simple
You can wear casual clothes, like jeans, to the party.

deliberate

adj. one done on purpose, not by accident
Bernie made a deliberate attempt to injure Andy.

scent

n. a smell
Julie enjoyed the scent of the flowers.

beam

n. a heavy bar
Modern skyscrapers are made with many beams.

fasten

v. to close it or attach it to something
Elizabeth fastened her seat belt.

steel

n. a strong gray metal
The new apartment building was made with steel.

caution

n. care and attention in order to avoid danger
Please use the power saw with caution. It is very dangerous.

scatter

v. to make it go in many places
I accidentally scattered all of my pills.

contrary

adj. the opposite to another thing
It isn’t warm outside at all. On the contrary, it is quite cold.

germ

n. a very small living thing that can make people sick
Germs are on everything that you touch.

explode

v. to suddenly move apart in many smaller pieces
The old TV exploded when I plugged it in.

barrel

n. a round thing that you can keep liquids in
There was an empty barrel outside the house.

anticipate

v. to think that it will happen
Carrie anticipated the arrival of her baby.

puff

n. a little bit of smoke or steam
A puff of smoke came from the burnt match.

swift

adj. fast
The swift horse easily jumped over the hurdle.

kit

n. a set of all the things needed to do something
Is there a first aid kit in your office?

rag

n. a small towel
Please use a rag to clean the dust off the table.

toss

v. to throw it softly
He tossed a coin into the air.

triumph

n. the act or feeling of winning
He raised the award in triumph at the end of his speech.

dissolve

v. to mix it into a liquid until it disappears
I dissolved the pill in a glass of water.

bullet

n. a small metal object that is shot out of a gun
Bullets come in different sizes for different guns.

aboard

prep. Someone someone aboard a ship or plane is in or on it
They climbed aboard the kayak and paddled through the river.

fountain

n. a source of water made by people
There was a beautiful fountain in the middle of the park.

vessel

n. a large ship or boat
We toured the area aboard a luxury vessel.

enforce

v. to make a person follow a rule
Police enforce traffic laws to keep everyone safe.

trigger

n. the part of a gun that a person pulls to make it fire
The man had his finger on the trigger of the gun.

bitter

adj. feels upset or angry about something
He was extremely bitter when his computer crashed.

inhabit

v. to live in a certain place
No one inhabits the ancient city.

port

n. a place where ships stop to load and unload things
The ship was being loaded with materials at the port.

startle

v. to scare someone suddenly
The loud crash startled the sleeping woman.

voyage

n. a long journey made on a boat or an aircraft
The astronauts took off on a long voyage to the moon.

devil

n. a powerful evil spirit in some religions
The church promised protection from the devil.

march

v. to walk at a steady pace together with others
The soldiers marched in straight rows.

worship

v. to like and honor a person, thing, or religious figure
Many people around the world worship in a church.

sweat

v. to lose liquid from the body through the skin
Whenever I go to the gym, I sweat quite a bit.

unify

v. to bring people or things together
With their good deeds, the children tried to unify the world.

sheriff

n. a police officer who is in charge of a large area
It was the sheriff’s job to make the city safe.

drift

v. to be moved slowly by wind or water
The large chunk of ice drifted in the water.

harbor

n. an area of water along a shore where boats land
There were a few small boats in the harbor.

millionaire

n. a person who has at least a million dollars
He became a millionaire because he was smart with his money.

departure

n. the act of leaving a place
They were excited about their departure to go to go back home.

fiber

n. a thread of a substance used to make clothes or rope
The mat was made from tiny fibers.

assure

v. to tell them something is true to make them less worried
He assured the boss that the building would be done on time.

crown

n. the hat worn by a king or queen
The crown is made of gold.

emperor

n. he leader of a group of countries
The emperor Julius Caesar was in control of ancient Rome.

robe

n. a long, loose piece of clothing
The monks at the temple all wear robes.

diligent

adj. works hard and is careful
Craig has always been a very diligent person at work.

impolite

adj. rude, or not polite
Roger is impolite to everyone he meets.

bond

v. to become friends with person
The women bonded after several hours of conversation.

horrible

adj. very bad
The assignment was horrible. I hated it.

luxury

n. an expensive thing that is nice but not needed
Our honeymoon resort was a luxury we really enjoyed.

panic

v. to feel so nervous or afraid that one cannot think clearly
Everyone panicked when the house caught on fire.

scold

v. to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong
Jesse was scolded by the teacher for not paying attention.

chef

n. a person who cooks in a restaurant
Tom is a chef at the restaurant near my house.

bandage

n. a piece of cloth used to stop bleeding
If you cut yourself, please get a bandage from the first-aid kit.

apprentice

n. a person who learns how to do a job from a skilled person
Mark is an apprentice chef at the restaurant.

bleed

v. to lose blood
If you are not careful, you will cut your finger and bleed.

priority

n. something that is more important than other things
My priority is to get good grades in school.

kneel

v. to put one or both knees on the ground
Daryl kneeled down on one knee and asked Nina to marry him.

massive

adj. very big
The wheels on his truck were massive.

cheerful

adj. happy and pleasant
The children were cheerful because they didn’t have to go to school.

assembly

n. a group gathered together for the same reason
The students had an assembly to talk about their interests.

famine

n. a long time with little or no food
The farmers couldn’t grow any food in the dry soil, so there was a famine.

affair

n. an event or a thing that happened
My wife and I attended a formal affair over the weekend.

cereal

n. a breakfast food made from grains that is eaten with milk
Cereal is a fast and common breakfast food enjoyed in the US.

nut

n. a hard seed or fruit that comes from some trees and bushes
To eat a nut, you must first crack its shell.

stove

n. device used to cook food
Our new stove helps us to cook food much faster than before.

scheme

n. a plan or design
Jason and Mark came up with a scheme to solve the problem.

theft

n. a criminal act that involves someone stealing something
The theft of his TV took place when he was at work.

merry

adj. happy and pleasant
They felt merry because the weather was great.

pharaoh

n. a king in ancient Egypt
The pharaohs ruled Egypt for thousands of years.

diameter

n. The the diameter of a round thing is the length across its center
The diameter of the tree was about 60 centimeters.

pardon

v. to not be angry at someone for asking a question or for making a mistake
Pardon me teacher, but could you repeat what you just said?

ripe

adj. A ripe fruit or vegetable is ready to be eaten
The cherries were nice and ripe.

roast

v. to cook it in an oven or over a fire
Mom roasted a turkey for the holiday dinner.

routine

n. a way of doing things that is the same every time
My father’s daily routine includes shaving right before breakfast.

exploit

v. to use it for greedy reasons rather than good reasons
The company exploits their workers and makes them work 12 hours a day.

harvest

v. the act of collecting food from farming
They had a lot of wheat from the last harvest.

bless

v. to ask God for protection or help
The angel blessed the newborn baby to keep it safe.

slim

adj. thin, not thick
Look at my new cell phone. It’s very slim.

swell

v. to become larger and rounder
My sister’s stomach began to swell after she got pregnant.

adolescent

n. a young person or a teenager
The adolescent was excited about getting a skateboard for his birthday.

tidy

adj. clean and in order
Leon has always been a very tidy boy.

compliment

v. to say a nice thing about someone or something
Her co-worker complimented her for doing a good job.

jury

n. a group of people that listen to a trial and say if someone is guilty
The jury listened closely to the attorney before they made their decision.

justice

n. fairness in the way that people are treated
People turn to the court system when they are seeking justice.

privacy

n. the state of being happily away from other people
Please hang the sign on the door so we can have some privacy.

sensible

adj. good and smart
It was sensible for her to save some money each month.

presume

v. to believe something is true without being certain
Since the girl raised her hand, the teacher presumed she knew the answer.

aptitude

n. a natural ability or skill
He has a natural aptitude for water skiing.

journalism

n. the work of collecting the news to put in newspapers or on TV
Before becoming a teacher, she worked in journalism.

pharmacy

n. a place where medicine is sold
My mother sells medicine to people at the pharmacy.

pill

n. a small object that has medicine inside
She took a pill for her headache.

literary

adj. involved with literature in some way
He worked hard to create a successful literary career.

hinder

v. to stop someone or something from doing something
All the traffic hindered me from getting to work on time.

punishment

n. something that one must endure for any wrongdoing
He was given a punishment for being rude to the teacher.

liberty

n. freedom to do what one wants
To many people, the Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom.

sorrow

n. a very sad feeling
The girl felt sorrow after her best friend moved away.

straw

n. a thin tube that is used to suck liquid into the mouth
I drank the orange juice through a straw.

slice

n. a piece from something larger, such as a cake
The girl enjoyed a slice of cake at her birthday party.

shallow

adj. not deep
The kids were playing in the shallow water.

span

v. to spread across an amount of time or space
His work at the bakery has spanned twenty years.

lava

n. the hot substance made of melted rock that comes out of volcanoes
The red-hot lava poured from the volcano.

navigate

v. to control the way it moves or goes
She navigated the ship across the ocean.

slope

n. ground that is not flat
The slope to the top of the mountain was very steep.

confine

v. to keep it in one place
The elephant is confined to a cage in the zoo.

vibrate

v. to shake very hard
The machine made his whole body vibrate as he broke up the ground.

affection

n. a feeling of liking someone or something
Amanda has a lot of affection for her little sister, Sarah.

agency

n. a business or service set up to act for others
I went to a travel agency to help me arrange a flight home.

dismiss

v. to say it is not important
He quickly dismissed my idea about the new project.

remainder

v. what is left
He took a bite of the apple and then gave me the remainder of it.

originate

v. to start there
The idea of democracy originated in Ancient Greece.

fate

n. a power that causes things to happen
Some people believe that the lines on a person’s hand can tell his or her fate.

erupt

v. to explode or blow apart, especially a volcano
The volcano erupted for the first time in ten years.

retrieve

v. to find it and get it back
She retrieved her mail from the mailbox.

wander

v. to walk without going to a certain place
The boys like to wander in the woods and look at birds.

superstition

n. something magical that people believe is real
It is a superstition that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day.

sympathy

n. a feeling of sadness for another person who feels bad
I felt sympathy for my sister, so I got her a balloon to cheer her up.

ash

n. the grey or black powder created when something is burned
The end of his cigar was full of ashes.

miserable

adj. very unhappy
He was miserable after his dog died.

cliff

n. a high and often flat wall of rock
The wolf stood at the cliff and howled.

steep

adj. a slope or angle that rises or falls sharply
He rode his bike up the steep hill to reach the top.

knight

n. a soldier of high rank and skill who usually serves a king
He was the best soldier, so the king made him a knight.

lightning

n. the bright light seen during a storm
The lightning flashed above the water.

thunder

n. the loud noise heard during a storm
The sound of the thunder startled me.

boom

v. to make a loud, deep sound
The firecrackers made a loud boom when they exploded.

retreat

v. to run away because of losing a fight
The army retreated because they were losing the battle.

summit

n. the highest part or top point of a mountain
We need to climb to the summit of the mountain.

armor

n. metal worn by soldiers to protect the body
The soldier wore armor to protect his body.

independence

n. the state of being free from the control of others
After leaving home, Sophia had a great feeling of independence.

blaze

v. to burn brightly or powerfully
The small fire soon blazed into a large, dangerous one.

warrior

n. a brave soldier or fighter
The samurai were some of the most skilled warriors in the ancient world.

withdraw

v. to leave a place, usually during war
After losing the battle, the enemy withdrew back to its own country.

yield

v. to give up control of it or to give it away
He had to yield his turn because he was in checkmate.

rebel

n. a person who fights the government in order to change it
The rebel was angry about the government’s unfair polices.

troops

n. soldiers that fight in groups in a battle
The troops were all prepared to go into battle.

flame

n. part of a fire
The torch was filled with yellow and orange flames.

invasion

n. an attack by a group from another country
In Korea, walls were built around cities to protect them from invasions.

revolution

n. a change to the political system by a group of people
The revolution in Russia led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

spear

n. a long stick with a blade on one end that is used as a weapon
The soldier was holding a spear in his hand.

dispute

v. to engage in argument or debate.
We must dispute the nature of the crime.

rage

n. a very angry feeling
The chef was filled with rage when his helpers ruined the meal.

shame

n. a bad feeling about things one has done wrong
The boy felt shame about misplacing his clothes.

incident

n. an event that is usually not pleasant
Mr. Wilson had an incident; he became sick and had to leave.

mist

n. water that can be seen in the air or on a surface
The forest was covered with mist.

tender

adj. soft and easy to chew
The meat was so tender they didn’t need knives to cut it.

orphan

n. a child who does not have parents
The orphan frequently cried during the night.

sigh

v. to breathe out loudly to show tiredness, boredom, or sadness
Molly sighed when she looked at all the information she had to research.

sneak

v. to move quietly in order not to be seen or heard
The thief snuck out of the house without anyone noticing him.

bench

n. a long seat for two or more people
Most parks have benches for people to relax upon.

plot

v. to make a secret plan to do something that is wrong or mean
The group was plotting to ruin the company’s financial reports.

horror

n. a feeling of being very afraid or shocked
The audience screamed in horror when the ghost appeared in the movie.

pregnant

adj. A pregnant woman or animal is going to have a baby
The pregnant woman was shopping for baby clothes.

daisy

n. a small flower with white petals and a yellow center
There were a few daisies growing in the field.

empty

adj. one that has no things in it
The teacher showed the students an empty bottle.

supper

n. a meal that is eaten in the evening
We usually have supper around 6 o’clock at my house.

spare

v. to give it away because it is not needed
I wanted to help him but I couldn’t spare a tire.

stem

n. the stick that grows leaves or flowers
The rose had a long thin stem.

object

n. a non-living thing that you can see or touch
The shopping cart was filled with objects.

revenge

n. the act of hurting someone who has hurt you
He broke his sister’s doll as revenge after she lost his favorite book.

howl

v. to make a long, loud sound like a wolf or a dog
The wolf howled at the moon.

cub

n. a baby animal, such as a bear or lion
The lion cub was crying for its mother.

pile

n. a large group of things on top of one another
The pile of cups was beginning to lean.

squeeze

v. to press it together and hold it tightly
When Clara saw her cat, she squeezed it to her face.

terrific

adj. very good
My youngest daughter is a terrific painter.

necessity

n. something that is needed
Fresh water is a necessity for life.

outcome

n. the end result of an action or event
The outcome of his latest business plan was a complete failure.

dissatisfied

adj. not happy with something
I was dissatisfied with their decision to work on Sunday.

profound

adj. deep or very intelligent
For a young man, Jeremy has some profound thoughts.

supreme

adj. the highest level or best quality
The supreme officer was in charge of keeping the citizens calm.

seize

v. to grab it quickly or strongly
The man seized as much money as he could before anyone could see him.

ease

n. a condition without difficulty or hard work
The monkey climbed the tree with ease.

hail

n. ice that falls from the sky when rain freezes
The hail from the storm was the size of golf balls.

magnificent

adj. beautiful and grand
The man gave his wife a pair of magnificent diamond earrings.

trait

n. part of someone's personality
One trait of Salvador’s personality is his cheerfulness.

beneath

prep. under or lower than
The largest part of an iceberg lies beneath the waterline.

dawn

n. the time of day when the sun rises
At dawn, the sun gently rose over the farm.

evident

adj. easy to see or understand
It was evident from the look on his face that he was unhappy.

vital

adj. necessary for life
The heart is a vital organ.

leap

v. to jump a long distance
He had to leap over the gap to reach the other side of the hill.

DNA

n. the short form of deoxyribonucleic acid
The police sometimes use DNA to solve crime.

cigarette

n. a thinly wrapped paper tube filled with tobacco that is smoked
Cigarette smoking is terrible for your health.

extensive

adj. large in size or amount
The game drew extensive media coverage.

female

adj. women or girls
She is the only female student in her class with short hair.

gene

n. controls what it looks like, how an organism grows, and how it develops
Gene therapy is sometimes used to treat an illness.

male

adj. men or boys
He was the only male in the store.

population

n. all the people living in an area
The population of our city is steadily growing.

result

n. happens because of something else
The result of her experiment was surprising.

attack

v. to hurt or damage it
She watched the lizard attack its prey.

inherit

v. to receive something that is passed down from a relative
All the girls in my family inherit red hair from my great-grandmother.

breast

n. one of the two soft parts on a woman's chest
She was diagnosed with breast cancer.

cell

n. the smallest part of a living thing that can live by itself
A red blood cell carries oxygen.

code

n. a set of symbols used to hide or read a message
She used the code to solve the puzzle.

cancerous

adj. cells are the result of cancer
The exam found cancerous cells in the patient’s blood.

furthermore

adv. more information will be added
She’s clever, and furthermore, she is not afraid of work.

cure

n. a medical treatment to make a sickness go away
Scientists are still working on finding a cure for diabetes.

sugar

n. used to make food taste sweet
She added extra sugar to her tea.

cancer

n. a serious disease that causes cells to grow abnormally
He was a leading scientist in finding a cure for cancer.

destruction

n. to cause its destruction
The wildfires left the forest in a state of destruction.

link

n. a connection to something else
The two lines in the poem share a common link.

informal

adj. casual and relaxed, not official
They had an informal meeting to talk about their experiences.

circus

n. a traveling show with animals and people
I like to go to the circus to see the animals do tricks.

extent

n. how large, important, or serious it is
He ate to such an extent that he became overweight.

peer

n. To peer at something is to watch it carefully.
She peered at people through the window.

tempt

n. to offer them something they want but shouldn't have
I wasn’t hungry, but she tempted me with a piece of my favorite cake.

accommodate

v. to have enough room
The meeting room can accommodate nine people.

headline

n. the title of a newspaper story
The headline on the front page was about the economy.

coincide

v. to happen at the same time
My birthday coincides with Christmas.

ranch

n. a large farm where animals are kept
My uncle has many horses on his ranch.

stripe

n. a thick line
The flag of the United States has red and white stripes.

tame

adj. not afraid to be near people
The tame bird rested in his hand.

portrait

n. a painting or photograph of someone
I saw many religious portraits when I went to the museum.

pose

v. to stay in one place without moving
The kids and their dog posed for a picture.

inquire

v. to ask about it
Dad called to inquire about the price of tickets for the show.

steer

v. to control where it goes
He steered the go-cart around the track.

gender

n. a category that describes being either a boy or a girl
Do you know the gender of her new baby?

commission

v. to pay that person to do some job
The artist was commissioned to create a picture.

dose

n. a certain amount of medicine taken at one time
My mother gave me a dose of medicine before I went to bed.

dye

n. to make it a certain color by using a special chemical
Valery got her hair dyed at the salon yesterday.

messenger

n. one who carries information from one place to another
The messenger delivered an important document to the office.

cautious

adj. careful to avoid danger
Be very cautious as you stack those boxes.

confess

v. to admit a bad or embarrassing truth
The woman confessed that she had stolen the money.

gamble

v. to play a game that involves winning or losing money
Many people like to go to casinos to gamble.

shave

v. to cut the hairs on one's face with a sharp tool
My father shaves his face every day because he doesn’t want a beard.

desperate

adj. person will try anything to do or change something
I’m desperate to find a new job.

purse

n. a bag in which women keep money, makeup, keys, etc.
My sister likes to buy designer purses.

cottage

n. a small, old house in the countryside
My aunt lives in a pretty cottage in the mountains.

lawn

n. an area covered in grass
My dad keeps the lawn in front of our house very neat.

outlaw

n. a criminal who hides from the police
The police passed out posters of the outlaw to all the people.

seldom

adv. n action doesn't happen very often
It seldom rains in southern Arizona.

ban

v. to not let people do it
Smoking is banned in this building.

mow

n. to cut it to make it short
I mow our lawn every weekend.

exhausting

adj. very tiring
After an exhausting journey, we finally arrived.

fade

v. to become quieter or less bright
The piece of cloth I found was old and faded.

terrified

adj. extremely scared
When I saw the ghost, I was absolutely terrified!

wizard

n. a man who can do magic
The wizard made gold fall from the sky.

prospect

n. a possibility that something will happen
He wakes up every morning with the prospect of having a good day.

fierce

adj. angry or violent
Wolves are fierce animals. Do not disturb them.

rod

n. a thin stick made of wood or metal
I bought a new fishing rod to use while on vacation.

daytime

n. the time of the day when the sky is light
The kids are only allowed to play outside in the daytime.

sleepless

adj. a time period in which someone does not sleep
Jill had a sleepless night because she had so much on her mind.

audience

n. a group of people who gather to watch someone do something
He was excited to be part of the audience.

airline

n. a company that takes people to different places by plane
The airline has excellent customer service.

currency

n. the type of money used in that country
The currency in China is different from that in Australia.

jet

n. a fast plane with a big engine
Her company owns a private jet.

volume

n. the total amount of something
The volume of cars in the parking lot was steadily increasing.

income

n. the money you earned from work
She was saving her income to buy a house.

maximum

adj. the highest amount of anything allowed
The maximum driving speed here is 80 km/h.

abroad

adv. done in a different country
My friend is going on a summer trip abroad.

domestic

adj. something that happens within a particular country
The airline has fifty domestic flights daily.

refer

v. to mention or call attention to it
Mr. Cid referred to the time to show Bill that he was late for class.

bargain

n. a very good price paid for a product
She was looking forward to getting a good bargain at the supermarket.

draft

n. a piece of written work that is not in its final form
He was writing his first draft.

remote

adj. distant or far away
He lived in a remote village in the Himalayas.

hobby

n. a fun and creative activity people do in their free time
She liked to paint as a hobby.

official

adj. approved by someone in authority
Her official degree was being transferred.

data

n. a collection of information and facts
He saved all the data on his computer.

gather

v. to form a group or bring together
We will gather the children before the meeting.

brief

adj. lasts a short time
The lawyers took a brief break.

recommend

v. to give advice based on experience
His doctor will recommend the best medicine for her cough.

dynasty

n. a series of rulers who are all from the same family
The ancient Egyptians had a dynasty that lasted for many years.

circulate

v. to spread something around, especially in a circular way
The fan helped to circulate cool air through the room.

frost

n. a white layer of ice that forms during very cold weather
In the morning, the trees were all covered with frost.

polar

adj. the cold places on Earth's north and south ends
Only a few people live in the Earth’s northern polar region.

navy

n. the part of a country's military that fights at sea
My country is known for our strong navy.

merit

n. a positive or good quality
The actor received an award for his merits in the movie.

suicide

n. the act of killing oneself
Some people feel so sad that they think suicide is the only answer.

illusion

n. something that looks real, but doesn't actually exist
Some pictures create an illusion for the eyes.

marine

adj. something related to the sea
A healthy ocean is full of marine animals.

invade

v. to take over a place by force
The enemy forces tried to invade our country from the sky.

drown

v. to die because one has been under water
My sister almost drowned in the lake today.

derive

v. to come, or originate, from a thing or place
Red’s nickname was derived from the color of her hair.

tremble

v. to shake as a result of excitement or cold weather
Harry was not used to the cold, so he trembled most of the day.

ray

n. a line of light that comes from a bright object
The sun’s warm rays covered the beach.

fraction

n. a small part of something
Only a fraction of the cake was gone.

lieutenant

n. a rank in the military or police, or a person with that rank
The lieutenant was a good leader, and his soldiers respected him.

resign

v. to quit a job
After I officially resigned from work, I said goodbye to my boss.

underlying

adj. a hidden cause or reason
Her underlying fear of flying reduced her traveling options.

via

prep. introduces a route or means of travel
We arrived in the city from the airport via the train.

consequent

adj. happening because of a different situation
Her consequent rash came after she touched the poisonous plant.

envy

v. to wish that you had something that other person has
Sally envied the happy couple.

curve

v. to move in a line that bends and does not go straight
The road curves to the left and to the right.

embrace

v. to hug
When they saw each other again, the happy couple embraced.

autumn

n. the season of the year between summer and winter
I love when the leaves fall in autumn because I can play in them.

collapse

v. to fall down suddenly
The tree collapsed right in front of our house.

wire

n. a thin string made out of metal
The wires were connected to towers that brought electricity to the city.

flour

n. a powder that is used to make foods like bread
I wanted to bake a pie, but I needed flour.

jealous

adj. a root of a plant that is used to make food spicy and sweet
Miriam was jealous because Sue was paying too much attention to Jim.

wipe

v. to slide a piece of cloth over it to clean it
She wiped the dust from the windows.

aside

adv. done toward the side of something or someplace
The man stood aside and opened the door for me.

ginger

n. n. a spicy root often used in cooking and medicines
Ginger is a common ingredient in many dishes from India.

paste

n. a thick and smooth substance
My son needed some paste for a school project.

receipt

n. a paper that proves that something was received or bought
After looking at my receipt, I realized that I had spent too much money.

alter

n. to change it
I altered the color of my nails to match my hair.

disgusting

adj. very unpleasant.
After running all day, Greg’s feet had a disgusting odor.

fireworks

n. objects that create colored lights when they are lit
The display of fireworks was so beautiful.

fuse

n. a string on fireworks that burns to make them explode
The boy lit the fuse on the rocket and waited for it to burst in the sky.

blend

v. to mix two or more things together
My wife blended together all of the ingredients to make a delicious stew.

crush

v. to press it together so its shape is destroyed
Selena’s new car was crushed when the tree fell on top of it.

drain

v. a pipe that carries away water from a building, such as in a kitchen.
The water in the sink goes down the drain as you wash your hands.

noble

n. a rich and powerful person
The Queen invited a noble from a nearby country to dinner.

blonde

n. a person with light-colored hair
My cousin is a blonde with blue eyes.

heritage

n. the collection of features of a society, such as language and religion
Teepees are part of the heritage of the Native Americans of the plains.

rumor

n. a story that may not be true
Carla was spreading rumors around the office.

stack

n. a pile of different things
There was a stack of paperwork on his desk to complete.

insult

v. to say things that will hurt the person's feelings
The girls insulted each other all afternoon.

meanwhile

adv. happens at the same time as another action
He wants to be a doctor in the future, but meanwhile, he works a regular job.

precious

adj. valuable and important
In a desert, water can be more precious than money.

prejudice

n. an unfair opinion about people based on the group they belong to
The company’s rules against gender prejudice must be enforced.

acknowledge

v. to accept that it is true or that it exists
The teacher acknowledged that the young student was hungry.

spectacle

n. an amazing sight
Niagara Falls is quite a spectacle.

exaggerate

v. to say that something is bigger or better than it really is
Jimmy wasn’t exaggerating about the seriousness of his injury.

vase

n. an attractive container in which people keep flowers
The vase was filled with such lovely flowers.

ambassador

n. a government worker who works in another country
The ambassador from Korea was in charge of the conference.

drag

v. to pull it across the ground
The dog was dragging his owner down the street.

necklace

n. a piece of jewelry that people wear around their necks
Joyce received a lovely pearl necklace for her wedding anniversary.

suspicious

adj. does not trust others, or is not trusted by others
Dad was suspicious of the caller on the line.

tin

n. an inexpensive metal
Soup is a food that is often sold in tin cans.

conquer

v. to attack and take control of it
The soldiers were trying to conquer the world.

sin

n. something that is wrong for religious reasons
Taking something that doesn’t belong to you is a sin.

chemist

n. a scientist who works with chemicals
My mother is a successful chemist who helps invent new products.

suburb

n. a small part of a large city
I grew up in the suburbs, only a few minutes outside of the city.

congress

n. a group of leaders in a government
Congress makes laws for people to follow.

descend

v. to go down
I descended the stairs to get out of the building.

grocer

n. a person who sells food
Our grocer, Mr. Smith, is a very kind man.

ache

v. to hurt, or cause pain
Mindy’s head ached because she bumped it against the wall.

institution

n. an organization that works to help a city or group of people
Banks are vital institutions that businesses and people use every day.

dairy

adj. something is made from milk
Things like milk and cheese are dairy foods.

chill

n. a feeling of cold
The chill from the cold wind made Bill shiver.

jog

n. to run slowly
He jogs every day so he can be healthier.

hesitate

v. to wait for a short time before doing something
He hesitated for a moment before he decided which one to choose.

merchant

n. a person who sells things
The merchant was selling used cars.

stubborn

adj. don't change their minds easily
Both of my parents are stubborn. They never give in to each other.

canal

n. a path for water to travel through
The city of Venice, Italy, has many canals.

poke

v. to push something quickly with your finger or a pointed object
I poked my finger on a thumb tack.

splash

v. to crash into something so that liquid spreads out
Some green paint splashed upon the floor.

postpone

v. to make it happen later than planned
They postponed the meeting until Elena arrived.

tide

n. the level of the water in the sea
The tide continued to crawl upon the beach little by little.

arctic

adj. something is of or from the cold, far-north part of the Earth
It is cold when the arctic winds blow.

tragedy

n. a very sad event
It was a tragedy when his house was struck by lightning and burned.

cope

v. To to cope with a difficult or stressful situation means to deal with it
He copes with work stress by exercising three or four times a week.

glance

v. to look at it quickly
She glanced behind her to see if he was looking at her.

bomb

n. an object that explodes and destroys large areas
The bomb will destroy anything that is nearby.

license

n. an official document that gives one permission to do something
In the United States, you need a driver’s license to drive legally.

microscope

n. a tool for making very small objects look large
A scientist uses a microscope to look at bacteria.

gaze

v. To gaze at something means to look at it for a long time.
We used a telescope to gaze at the stars for over an hour.

portray

v. to describe it or show it in a picture
Her picture portrayed the house she grew up in when she was little.

souvenir

n. something bought to remember of a place or event
I bought a Russian doll as a souvenir on my trip to Moscow.

trace

v. to follow over it with the eyes or a finger
He traced over the graph with his finger.

devastate

v. to cause great damage or pain to that thing
The entire wall was devastated.

submarine

n. a boat that can go underwater for long periods of time
The submarine dove under the sea so the enemy couldn’t see it.

rotate

v. to turn it around in a circle
An airplane’s propellers rotate quickly to help it fly.

criticism

n. the act of saying that something is not correct or good
She had a lot of criticism about their new plan.

groom

n. a man who is going to be married
The groom looked happy as he walked with his new wife.

nuclear

adj. relates to the division or joining of atoms
Nuclear power plants provide inexpensive energy to cities.

frown

v. to make an unhappy look with one's face
Melissa frowned when she found out that the party had been cancelled.

certificate

n. a document that says that something is true or happened
I was given a certificate for completing the computer course.

coffin

n. a box used to bury dead people
When people pass away, they are usually buried inside of a coffin.

circumstance

n. an event that makes a situation what it is
There were many circumstances behind their success, like hard work.

grief

n. the feeling of deep sadness, usually when a person dies
The grief caused by losing her parents was very difficult for her.

fracture

n. a crack or break in something
Don’t stand on that leg because there is a fracture. It might get worse.

thrust

v. to push or move something quickly with a lot of force
The boxer thrust his fist into the punching bag.

insight

n. a deep and accurate understanding of something
The physics textbook gave the student a new insight about gravity.

headache

n. a pain in one's head
My sister gets a headache every time she has a lot of stress.

shoulder

n. the body part between the top of the arm and the neck
He carried his bike on his shoulder.

coastline

n. the outline of a country's coast
He noticed that most of the cities in Australia are on the coastline.

deter

v. to prevent or discourage someone from doing something
Icy roads deter people from driving their cars.

implement

v. to ensure that what has been planned is done
The school decided to implement a new teaching strategy.

might

n. strength or power
Try with all your might to lift the heavy tire.

limb

n. a large branch on a tree
The monkey sat on the tree limb and enjoyed a piece of fruit.

shove

v. to push it with a lot of power
She shoved him out of the way.

distance

n. how far it is between two points
The distance between America and Russia is about 8,000 km.

ridge

n. a long, narrow piece of raised land
The brown bear walked along the edge of the mountain ridge.

expertise

n. the knowledge and skills to do something well
John has a lot of advertising expertise. He can sell anything!

raft

n. a flat kind of boat
He sailed across the Pacific Ocean on a raft.

spouse

n. the person to whom someone is married
I live in a home with my spouse and our two children.

tolerate

n. to be able to accept it even when it is unpleasant
When you are in a hurry, it can be hard to tolerate traffic signals.

optimism

n. the state of being hopeful about the future
The mother had optimism about her children’s futures.

proficient

adj. able to do something well
Secretaries are proficient at typing quickly.

devise

v. to come up with an idea or plan about it
The thieves devised a plan to steal the diamonds.