4000 Essential English Words 2e 6 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

decorate

n. make it more attractive by adding beautiful things to it
Have you decorated the room for Christmas yet?

housekeeping

n. the maintenance of a house or an establishment like a hotel
Housekeeping is not much fun, but it has to be done.

farewell

n. an instance of saying goodbye or a way to say it
She got on the plane after we said our farewells.

numb

adj. does not have any feeling
After holding my hand under the icy water, my fingers were numb.

cramp

n. a strong pain caused by a muscle after a lot of physical use
After the marathon, Jenny got a terrible cramp in her calf muscle.

mound

n. a large pile of it
There was a mound of clothes on the teenager’s messy floor.

slate

n. a dark grey rock that can easily be split into layers
The roof of the church is made of slate.

testament

n. something shows that it exists or is true
The beautiful performance was a testament to the singer’s natural talents.

dilapidated

adj. old and in bad condition
Paint peeled off of the old dilapidated apartment building.

filth

n. dirt or dirty things that disgust you
There was tons of filth and trash on the shore of the river.

evoke

v. to make it occur
The picture evoked memories of when she was a young girl.

timber

n. wood that is used for building houses and making furniture
Trees in this area are grown specifically to be used for timber.

reckless

adj. act in an unsafe way
The reckless driver posed a threat to everyone else on the road.

butler

n. the most important male servant in a wealthy house
Whenever he needed something, he rang a bell, and the butler appeared.

faucet

n. a device that controls the flow of a liquid or gas
Turn off the faucet when you are done brushing your teeth.

bliss

n. a state of complete happiness
Every time he sees his girlfriend, he feels a sense of bliss.

stool

n. a seat with legs but no support for a person's arms and back.
I don’t find stools very comfortable to sit on.

flaw

n. a mistake in something that causes it to be less effective or correct
We discovered a major flaw in the metal chain.

grin

v. to smile broadly
That joke makes me grin every time I hear it.

valve

n. a device attached to a pipe and controls the flow of liquid or air
The mechanic removed the dirt to clear the engine valve.

substantial

adj. great importance, size, or value
The bank said that he owed it a substantial amount of money.

contemplate

v. to think about it
Mark took a moment to contemplate the math problem before solving it.

outfit

n. a set of clothes worn together, often for a certain job or event
Kelly’s new outfit made her look so glamourous.

contend

v. to struggle to overcome it
Stacy had to contend with a learning disability throughout high school.

lush

adj. full of a variety of large, healthy plants
The lush jungle was filled with plants, trees, and vines.

confront

v. to meet them face to face to deal with a problem
I confronted him as he left the meeting and told him I thought he was wrong.

cot

n. a small portable bed
At the camp, the boys’ cabin was lined with cots.

vigil

n. a period of watchful attention at night for a specific purpose
He had a vigil in front of the tomb for three days.

enlist

v. to join the military
In their final year at school, the students were asked to enlist in the military.

frontier

n. a border between two regions or countries
A fence was built along the frontier where the river curved.

tract

n. a large area of land
On the other side of the mountains, there was a long tract of forest.

weary

adj. tired
Jane was weary after a long day of work.

stray

v. to go in a wrong direction and become lost
He found himself lost because he had strayed from the tour group.

camouflage

n. something used to hide people and things
The green and brown camouflage was best used for hiding in forests and jungles.

paw

n. an animal's foot that has claws or soft pads
The kitten cleaned its paws with its tongue.

guerilla

n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army
Guerilla warfare involves a lot of hit-and-run fighting.

handbook

n. material that gives specific information or instructions
If you look at the handbook, it will tell you which wires to connect to the TV.

hesitant

adj. not sure or are slow to act or speak
Although he knew the answer, he was hesitant to say it because he might be wrong.

torch

n. a stick with one end on fire that can be carried in order to give light
He grabbed a piece of wood and stuck it in the fire in order to make a torch.

splendid

adj. very good
From his head down to his shoes, his clothes looked splendid.

scrutiny

n. the careful examination of something
A scientist should always practice scrutiny with their work.

flammable

adj. able to catch on fire
Be careful with that blanket near the candle. It is extremely flammable.

resent

v. have bad feelings about it
He resented the fact that he had never been able to play an instrument.

backstage

adv. occurs behind a theater's stage
After the show, the director went backstage and thanked the actors.

mob

n. a large crowd of people that often wants to cause violence
The copier was destroyed by a mob of angry workers.

testify

v. to give evidence as a witness
The judge listened while the victim testified about the robbery.

subject

v. to force them to do or experience it
The officers subjected everyone to a careful search before they left the plane.

billionaire

n. someone who has at least one billion dollars
The sale of his inventions made the inventor a billionaire.

brute

n. someone who behaves or looks like a violent animal
My older brother can act like a brute when he doesn’t get his way.

satire

n. uses humor and irony to make fun of something
This book is a satire of what life was like in the army.

culprit

n. someone who has committed a crime or other bad deed
The police were still searching for the culprit from the robbery.

tumult

n. a loud and confused noise made by a large crowd of people
She couldn’t hear her friend over the tumult of the other excited guests.

underestimate

v. to think less of them than they really are
We lost the game because we underestimated the other team’s skill.

segregate

v. to place it in a group apart from other things
In gym class, the children were segregated into two groups: boys and girls.

collide

v. to hit it while moving
The two cars collided with each other because their drivers were not careful.

clumsy

adj. awkward in handling things
The businessman was clumsy and dropped his work files.

evacuate

v. to send people away from a dangerous place
Floods from the hurricane caused families to evacuate the town.

amid

prep. in the middle of it
The bee was busily flying amid the flowers in the garden.

premature

adj. done too early or before the proper time
Mark’s celebration was premature because the ball hadn’t fallen in the hole.

uproar

n. loud noise caused by people who are very angry or upset
The fans made a great uproar when their team lost the game.

launch

n. to make it go into motion
The boat launched from the dock and floated down the river.

persistent

adj. does not give up and keeps on working
They made persistent attempts to get him to eat.

simulate

v. to copy its actions or characteristics
The French language teacher could simulate the accent of a French citizen.

defect

n. a part of something that is wrong or missing
All these bottles have a defect and must be sent back to the warehouse.

stimulate

v. to cause or to increase activity in it
Doctors sometimes use electric shock to stimulate a patient’s heartbeat.

ingenious

adj. very smart
Charles was the only person ingenious enough to repair the plane’s engines.

meteorology

n. the science that studies the weather
In order to understand the weather better, you should study meteorology.

spur

v. to urge them into action
The coach’s speech spurred her team into playing the best game of their lives.

accelerate

v. to increase in speed
When he stepped on the gas pedal, the motorcycle accelerated.

dreary

adj. dull, dark, and lifeless
After the fire, this section of forest is rather dreary.

electromagnetic

adj. related to electricity and magnetic fields
Different colors of light come from different levels of electromagnetic energy.

glide

v. to fly on extended wings with little or no effort
When the wind is blowing, birds can glide easily through the sky.

innovation

n. a product, or an idea, that is new or very original
Mrs. Johnson made a great innovation to the company’s business plan.

meteorological

adj. concerned with the science of weather
The thunderstorm was so large that it became a great meteorological event.

duplicate

n. to copy it
She duplicated her friend’s movements like she was in front of a mirror.

propulsion

n. the force that moves something forward
The propulsion lifted the rocket into the sky.

anew

adv. do it again, possibly in a different way
Although he had failed his driving test, he decided to try it anew.

electron

n. a particle in all atoms that has a negative electric charge
The number of electrons in an atom determines its charge.

innovative

adj. think in creative ways
Since Peter was so innovative, he was chosen to lead the science team.

penetrate

v. to enter into it
The knife easily penetrated the surface of the orange.

deteriorate

v. to become steadily worse
The nation’s economy continued to deteriorate despite the politicians’ efforts.

humor

n. makes you laugh, and it can also refer to your feelings
He woke up in an ill humor, angry at everyone.

winding

adj. follows a twisting course
The winding river turned and looped around the hills.

centigrade

n. same as the temperature in Celsius
During the spring time, the temperature gets as warm as 26 degrees centigrade.

chatter

v. to talk quickly about unimportant things
The children chattered in the back of the classroom.

concerto

n. music played with an orchestra but features a solo instrument
The piano concerto has a section in which only the piano plays.

exterior

n. the outside surface of something
The exterior of the nut was hard and woody, but the inside was soft and delicious.

zip

v. to close it with a zipper
She zipped her backpack closed after putting her books inside it.

blurred

adj. not seen clearly
There was blurred photographs of what was supposed to be a flying saucer.

hospitable

adj. friendly to strangers
At dinner, my dad was very hospitable to my friends.

profile

n. an outline of a face, usually as seen from the side
The drawing of Olivia’s profile came out very well.

monastery

n. a building in which monks live
The monks at this monastery are famous for their bread and music.

beforehand

adv. done in advance
He packed his luggage beforehand, so he was able to leave right away.

nursery

n. a room where babies and children sleep, play, or are cared for
The children kissed their parents goodnight and went upstairs to the nursery.

degree

n. a unit for measuring temperature
The thermometer recorded a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius.

hearty

adj. loud and happy
The grandmother ended her story with a hearty laugh that pleased her grandchild.

parcel

n. a package of things to be carried or mailed somewhere
The parcel looked like it had been stepped on by someone.

condense

v. to make it a liquid
The cool air made tiny drops of water condense on the tops of the grass.

manor

n. a large house with many rooms
The manor had over forty rooms and beautiful gardens.

outstretched

adj. extended to its full length
The cat stood on its back legs with its front legs outstretched.

secrecy

n. the behavior of keeping things secret
The secrecy of the big organization made the government nervous.

trance

n. a state where people seem asleep and have no control of themselves
The woman’s powerful eyes often put men in a trance.

charter

n. a document that describes the rights of an organization or group
The company charter explained that all employees had to pay a tax.

limp

v. to walk with difficulty because someone's leg or foot is hurt
After the injury, the player limped off of the field.

tackle

v. to deal with it in a determined and efficient way
Such social problems need to be tackled right away.

censor

v. to remove it if it is dangerous, rude, or rebellious
To protect innocent people, the location of the bomb was censored.

disseminate

v. to distribute it
The organization disseminates information about the dangers of smoking.

infamous

adj. well known for something bad.
That news channel is infamous for presenting biased information.

poll

n. a survey in which people give their opinions about important things
The poll showed that many people support the plan to stop gang violence.

cosmopolitan

adj. full of people from many different places.
There are dozens of different types of restaurants in a cosmopolitan city.

remorse

n. a strong feeling of sadness and regret
When I realized what I had done, I felt remorse for my actions.

amend

v. to change it to improve or make it accurate
The countries were in agreement that the treaty needed to be amended.

constitution

n. a document of principles for a government.
The country’s constitution said a prime minister could only serve three terms.

outburst

n. a sudden, strong expression of an emotion
There was an outburst of cheers when the comedian took the stage.

pathological

adj. extreme, unacceptable, and sometimes a symptom of disease
The pathological liar could not even tell the truth about unimportant matters.

phenomenal

adj. unusually great
The child’s ability to play the piano is nothing short of phenomenal.

abolish

v. to put an end to it, such as a system or law
President Lincoln abolished slavery in the US.

aspire

v. to have a strong desire to achieve or do something
George aspired to be a doctor from a young age.

flatter

v. to praise them in an effort to please them.
He was just flattering me when he said that my new dress looked gorgeous.

lame

adj. cannot walk properly due to an injury to the leg or foot
The terrible accident left many people dead and several others lame.

ethnic

adj. related to a group with a similar culture
Many sections of the city are home to different ethnic communities.

exclude

v. to not accept them into a group
Carol was excluded from the contest because her friend was a judge.

monolingual

adj. speak only one language
In today’s global economy, being monolingual limits your opportunities.

linguistic

adj. concerned with language
A linguistic way of studying culture focuses on words within that culture.

solidarity

n. a union formed from common responsibilities or interests
All the citizens came together in a show of solidarity to create change.

tact

n. the ability to avoid offending people when dealing with problems
Since both sides would not agree, it required someone with tact to make peace.

inclusive

adj. open to all groups and people in society
A more inclusive event would have allowed children to attend.

solemn

adj. If something is solemn, then it is serious and honest.
The professor preferred a solemn relationship between him and his students.

fluent

adj. able to speak it very well
She was so fluent in German that you’d have thought she was from Germany.

prosecute

v. to take legal action against them
They were prosecuted for fishing in the river without a permit.

earnest

adj. honest
The child was very earnest when she told her mother how she broke the dish.

patriot

n. someone who loves, supports, and defends their country
Every year, young patriots join their countries’ militaries.

coward

n. a person who lacks courage to do risky or dangerous things
A firefighter cannot be a coward. They have to be able to act quickly.

firsthand

adj. from an original source
If you want firsthand knowledge, ask someone who saw it.

legislature

n. the section of a government that makes laws
The senator had served ten years in the national legislature.

delete

v. to remove or erase written material
Several lines had been deleted from her speech.

undermine

v. to betray them or weaken their efforts or authority
The documents helped to undermine the workers’ trust in their bosses’ honesty.

racial

adj. related to a race or races
The differences between racial groups are physical characteristics and culture.

nationality

n. an identity based on the nation from which you come
His nationality is German, but he speaks French, Spanish, and Korean.

imperial

adj. related to an empire
These old imperial coins were once used in the Roman Empire.

prod

n. to push someone or something with a finger or pointed object
The bully prodded me in the chest with her finger.

moist

adj. slightly wet
The ground is still moist from the rain last night.

emulate

v. to imitate them because they are greatly admired
As a small boy, he always tried to emulate his big brother.

janitor

n. a person who makes repairs and takes care of a building
The school janitor cleaned up the messy cafeteria.

tolerant

adj. a place where actors or musicians act or sing
The tolerant leader thought that everyone was equal regardless of race.

restrain

v. to use physical strength to stop them
Mike restrained Allen from reaching the door.

inherent

adj. a natural part of something else
Sweating is an inherent bodily function when exercising.

intimidate

v. to frighten others
My dad intimidates my friends whenever they visit.

stunt

n. respectful of others' rights and beliefs
The man jumped over the cars as a promotional stunt.

constrain

v. to limit its development
Jim cannot join us because he is constrained by previous plans.

vampire

n. a fictional monster that sleeps in a coffin and sucks people's blood
The vampire snuck up on the woman and bit her neck.

depot

n. a bus or train station
He waited for his mother to arrive at the depot.

forefinger

n. the finger between one's thumb and middle finger
He shouted, “There it is!” and pointed with his forefinger.

nope

adv. an informal way of saying "no."
He asked if I had any money, and I had to say, “Nope.”

yawn

v. to open the mouth somewhat involuntarily with a prolonged, deep inhalation and sighing or heavy exhalation, as from drowsiness or boredom.
The bear let out a big yawn, showing that he was tired.

spit

n. to force liquid from one's mouth
He emerged from the pool and spit water from his mouth.

saliva

n. the watery liquid in people's mouths that helps in digestion
The baby could not keep the saliva from dripping out of its mouth.

guts

n. all the organs inside a person or animal
The doctor can tell you every process that happens in one’s guts.

ransom

n. a sum of money paid to a kidnapper to set the person free
He kidnapped the prince and demanded $1 million as a ransom.

sprint

n. to run very fast over a short distance
The kids didn’t want to be late to class, so they sprinted to the bus stop.

turf

n. a section of grass and the dirt in which it grows
After the game, the turf looked ragged.

hectare

n. a unit of measure equal to 10,000 square meters
His family farm covered many hectares.

mansion

n. a large and expensive home
The mansion had thirty bedrooms, two kitchens, and a pool.

assemble

v. to get together in one place.
The parents assembled to discuss ways to improve their children’s education.

erect

v. to build it
The king erected two towers on the north and south sides of his castle.

heighten

v. to increase the intensity of it
The pleasant music heightened their enjoyment of the wonderful dinner.

hospitality

n. friendly behavior and entertainment, shown to guests or strangers
The travelers were amazed at the hospitality given them by the hotel’s staff.

foul

adj. very unpleasant
He wouldn’t let his dog drink from the water because it had a foul smell.

revise

v. to change it, or update it to make it better
When the editor discovered certain facts were wrong, he revised the book.

overjoyed

adj. extremely happy
He was overjoyed by the news of his promotion.

arch

n. a curved opening formed under a structure such as a bridge or doorway.
The arch of the bridge was not high enough for the tall boat to pass underneath.

pasture

n. an area of land covered with grass for animals to use as food
The sheep were taken to a pasture where there was more grass.

outnumber

v. to have a greater number than it
The girls outnumbered the boys at the school by four to one.

terrace

n. an open area that is connected to a house or an apartment
In the afternoons, she liked to sit on the terrace and check her email.

renovate

v. to build new structures on it
The old fire station was renovated into an apartment building.

allege

v. to say that it is true without offering proof
The little girl had alleged that her older brother hid her favorite doll.

casualty

n. a person killed or injured in a war or an accident.
The only casualty in the car accident was a woman who broke her arm.

petition

n. a written request asking an authority to do something
The citizens all signed a petition asking the mayor to repair the sidewalks.

slab

n. a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, metal, or wood
I looked at various slabs of stone to decorate my house.

adjoining

adj. next to or joined with a building or room
I couldn’t sleep because the people in the adjoining room were loud.

paradox

n. a true statement or real event that seems illogical.
The paradox of her work was that the less she worked, the more she got done.

outweigh

v. to exceed it in value, amount, or importance
Finding a warm place to sleep outweighed the need to find something to eat.

depict

v. to show or portray it
The statue’s face depicted the general’s determination and courage.

analogous

adj. like it in certain ways
The relationship with his teacher was analogous to that of a son and mother.

tilt

v. to tip it into a sloping position
She tilted her glass and almost spilled some of the wine inside.

fulfill

v. to achieve or finish it.
The professor did not fulfill his promise not to miss a single class.

pier

n. a structure that extends into a body of water.
If you want to catch bigger fish, then go to the far end of the pier.

grove

n. a small group of trees
All the trees in this grove are apple trees.

ore

n. the raw form of rock or material from which a valuable metal is taken
The factory melted the ore and used it to make iron products.

vice versa

adv. its two main ideas are switched with one another
Students learn from their teachers, and vice versa.

binoculars

n. a device used for seeing things that are far away
He could see the ship on the horizon only if he used his binoculars.

bulk

n. its size
The large elephant moved its bulk with legs as strong as tree trunks.

comprise

v. to consists of or is made up of it
Our school’s football team is mostly comprised with seniors.

dual

adj. two parts
The room had a dual function. It was a living room, but at night it was a bedroom.

whereabouts

n. the place where they are
The police looked for the lost dog, but its whereabouts were still unknown.

Fahrenheit

n. a temperature scale where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
When the temperature dropped to 32° Fahrenheit, it started snowing.

outback

n. the wild inland region of Australia where very few people live
Many Australian farmers use the outback to raise cattle.

thermometer

n. a device that measures temperature
The thermometer outside the window indicated that it was a hot day today.

shortcut

n. a route that is shorter than the main route.
We got to the house early because we took a shortcut through the forest.

tariff

n. a tax or fee paid on certain imports or exports
Our tariff on imported wool makes foreign wool more expensive.