4000 Essential English Words 2e 6 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

boxed

adj. inside a package
Justine brought a boxed gift to the birthday party.

ecologically

adv. something is done in a way that concerns living organisms and the environment
We planted our garden according to ecologically correct practices.

discard

v. to throw it away
After repairing the window, discard any broken glass.

fatal

adj. results in someone's death
Being shot by the attacker proved fatal to the victim.

pond

n. a freshwater body that is smaller than a lake
I learned to swim at the pond behind the recreation center.

recycle

n. use its parts to make something else
We recycle our newspapers so that they can be made into packing boxes.

alternate

adj. a different option
Taking the bus and driving to work are alternate ways to travel.

adverse

adj. can be harmful, dangerous, or unfavorable
I worry that the tornado will have an adverse effect on the farm.

utilize

v. to use it for a specific purpose
The team can utilize the lab equipment to complete the experiment.

choke

v. stops you from breathing
The gum Malinda swallowed made her choke.

dolphin

n. a large sea mammal that breathes air
Intelligent dolphins have learned to communicate with humans.

overuse

n. when something is utilized too many times
Rochelle’s overuse of the exercise bike caused the gears to break.

incidence

n. the number of times something happens
We need to increase the incidence of success in school.

municipal

adj. something belongs to a city or local government
The municipal parking lot downtown can fit one hundred cars.

tragic

adj. causes sadness because it might involve death or suffering
The entire community attended the memorial service for the victims of the tragic fire.

biodegradable

adj. break down naturally into substances that do not harm the environment
I use biodegradable compost to feed my garden.

stuffed

adj. pushed into a small space
The newspapers were all stuffed into the drawer.

convenient

adj. saves you time or effort
Walking through the park is a convenient way to exercise on the way to work.

reusable

adj. can be utilized over and over again
Saburo keeps his empty jelly jars because they are reusable for storing sewing supplies.

whale

n. a very large mammal that lives in the ocean
We were surprised when a whale surfaced next to our boat.

concession

n. something that one person gives up to another
China gave Hong Kong to Britain as a concession after the war.

enrich

v. to make someone rich or increase their wealth
Taxes on people’s income can be used to enrich the government.

geometry

n. the study of shapes and how to measure them
If you want to be able to calculate the area of a circle, you must study geometry.

gleam

n. to sparkle and shine
The waves of the ocean would gleam every night at sunset.

parade

n. a series of things or people that come or are shown one after another
This parade of elephants is part of an open-air exhibit to honor these majestic animals.

ambiguous

adj. not entirely clear
It’s ambiguous as to whether a newborn baby looks like a girl or a boy.

decay

n. the result of something slowly being broken down or destroyed naturally
The decay in the old building was obvious.

jurisdiction

n. the power or right to make judgments about the law and how it is upheld
We did not have jurisdiction to bring the criminal to trial.

attain

v. to succeed at something
If you want to attain a healthy body, you must exercise every day.

statue

n. a three-dimensional work of art, usually made of clay, marble, or metal
The Venus de Milo is a famous ancient Greek statue.

dwell

v. to live there
Before he was a successful writer, Mark Twain dwelled in the city of Hannibal, Missouri.

flourish

v. to do very well
The Roman Empire flourished in Europe two thousand years ago.

indigenous

adj. something or someone exists naturally in an environment or area
The Pueblo people were an indigenous tribe in Arizona who lived in adobe homes.

amateur

n. a person who does something for fun and isn't paid for it
The amateur took pictures just as well as the person who worked for money.

autonomy

n. freedom or independence
In the 1800s, the people of India fought for autonomy from Britain.

anonymous

adj. no one knows who he or she is
An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to the museum.

enlighten

v. to teach them about something
Greek philosophers wanted to enlighten the people of Athens with their ideas.

greed

n. wanting to have more of something than you need or should have
The story of King Midas is a story of greed.

virgin

n. someone who has never had sex
The virgin goddess of the moon was known as Diana.

harmony

n. a feeling that everything is peaceful, balanced, and in agreement
The United Nations is struggling to bring peace and harmony to the world.

bicycle

n. a two-wheeled vehicle powered by pedaling
I rode my bicycle down the mountain road.

configure

v. to set it up and arrange it
The engineer helped to configure my new computer.

consolidate

v. to join or bring together into one thing
When we moved in together, we had to consolidate our belongings.

convenience

n. to do something easily
I love the convenience of having a swimming pool in my back yard.

evenly

adv. divided equally into amounts, numbers, or values
Sprinkle the sugar evenly all over the cookies.

ideological

adj. based on a system of beliefs or ideals
The citizens of England had ideological differenes about its government.

abnormal

adj. different from normal or average
I felt abnormal this morning, like I was sick.

deduct

v. to subtract something
I had to deduct my expenses from my checkbook.

deem

v. to consider something
I deemed the ice cream to be very delicious.

broker

v. to arrange or negotiate the details of something for others
The lawyer will broker our agreement.

robot

n. a machine that can do the work of a person
I bought a robot that can clean the floor on its own.

adjacent

adj. next to or adjoining something else.
My apartment is adjacent to a lovely park and playground.

franchise

n. the right to sell another company's products or services in a particular area
The fast food restaurant has a franchise near my home.

entrepreneur

n. someone who starts a new business or organization in order to make money
The entrepreneur made a success out of his new business.

aluminum

n. a chemical element that is a light silver-coloured metal
I used the aluminum foil to wrap the food.

applicable

adj. relevant to them
I discovered that my old password was no longer applicable to the website.

fiscal

adj. related to money or finances, especially that of a government or business
Did the company show fiscal growth this year?

artificial

adj. at any time
The artificial Christmas tree was made of plastic.

bureaucracy

n. a group of people who work together to help manage a large business or run a country
The members of the bureaucracy were flooded by too many petitions.

absent

adj. missing or not in the place they are expected to be
I was absent from school yesterday because I went on a trip with my father.

arid

adj. it is hot and dry and gets very little or no rain
Not many plants grow in the arid desert.

fast

n. to go without food or drink for a period of time.
In her religion, they fast for five days and then have a big feast.

rugged

adj. rocky and difficult to travel through
Their car couldn’t make it far along the rugged roads.

oath

n. An oath is a formal, often public, promise.
Judges must take an oath to be fair to everyone in court.

ample

adj. it is enough or more than enough
There was an ample supply of oats to feed the horses.

adjoin

v. be next to or attached to something else
She can listen to her brother’s conversations because her room adjoins his.

cathedral

n. an important, and often large and beautifully-built, church
The large cathedral is full of people on Sunday mornings.

scarce

adj. a very small amount of it
When gasoline was scarce, we rode our bike to school instead of driving.

deprive

v. to not let them have it
Because the child was bad, she was deprived of her dessert after dinner.

abbey

n. a house, or group of houses, where monks or nuns live
When the monk returned to the abbey, he went immediately to his bedroom.

crisis

n. a difficult time when things are going to either get worse or better
The crisis was over and things returned to normal.

drought

n. a long period of time in which little or no rain falls
After three months of drought, the vegetation and trees started dying.

moisture

n. small drops of water in the air or on a surface
If you breathe on a window, moisture from your breath collects on the glass.

abundant

adj. it is available in large quantities
Cakes, cookies, and candy were so abundant that the child was very happy.

speculate

v. to guess about something
My sister looked at the sky and speculated that it would rain tomorrow.

eligible

adj. permitted to do or have something
Only people who bought tickets were eligible to win a prize.

inland

adv. into the center of a country or land
The river curved inland near the campground.

nonetheless

adv. occurs despite some other thing.
She tried to keep the dog out of the mud, but it got dirty nonetheless.

prairie

n. to move back and forth or up and down quickly
The prairie was perfect for a farm because there were hills and trees.

Celsius

n. a scale for measuring temperature.
Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.

companion

n. someone spends a lot of time with.
I always walk to school with my companion Frank.

ecology

n. the study of the environment and living things
We study ecology to learn how to help improve the Earth.

feat

n. an impressive or difficult achievement or action
The elephant’s standing up on one leg was a feat.

infinite

adj. no limit or end
Many scientists believe that the universe is infinite.

coarse

adj. a rough texture.
The coarse sweater made my skin itch.

bizarre

adj. very strange
My bizarre dreams make no sense to me when I am awake.

duration

n. time during which it happens.
The girls watched television for the duration of the evening.

aquatic

adj. lives or grows in water
The dolphin is an aquatic mammal.

digest

v. swallow food and pass it through the body.
Allow some time for food to be digested before going swimming.

parasite

n. a tiny animal or plant that attaches to another animal to get food
The sick dog was covered in parasites.

vulnerable

adj. weak and without protection
He felt very vulnerable when he was stranded in the desert.

repetitive

adj. repeated many times and becomes boring
Working on an assembly line making cars every day is a repetitive job.

reproductive

adj. a living thing which can produce young
The reproductive system of a plant is simple.

nucleus

n. the central part of an atom or cell
The nucleus is made up of many tiny particles.

undergo

v. to have it happen to you
The cancer patient undergoes treatments twice a week.

prominent

adj. important and well known
Queen Victoria was a prominent person in history.

tolerance

n. the ability to accept something unfavorable
Boxers have a high tolerance for pain.

temperate

adj. never gets too hot or cold
In Peru, the weather is temperate and rarely gets too hot or cold.

biosphere

n. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth where living organisms exist
Birds, trees, and worms all thrive in the biosphere.

obsolete

adj. not used anymore because something better exists
Since computers became inexpensive, typewriters have become obsolete.

refute

v. false or incorrect
The bank manager has refuted the claims that he lied to his customers.

medieval

adj. the period between 650 and 1500 CE
We visited a castle that was built during medieval times.

spectacular

adj. very impressive
There was a spectacular fireworks display in the park at New Year.

proportion

n. an amount that shows the link between the parts and the whole
Only a small proportion of the people in this town actually work here.

weave

v. to make cloth using horizontal and vertical threads
We saw a woman weave a blanket on our vacation to South America.

industry

n. a kind of business that produces services or things for sale
The tourist industry is doing well all around the world.

capitalism

n. economic system where private companies make goods for profit
Most economies in the world today are based on capitalism.

diminish

v. reduce or get smaller
As the economy got worse, my savings diminished.

radical

adj. very new or different
The president is planning to make some radical changes to the law.

impose

v. interrupt or force your ideas on other people
He imposes on his wife every morning by expecting her to make his breakfast.

drawback

n. a disadvantage
The drawback of having a car is that it is very expensive to maintain.

managerial

adj. something related to a manager or management
Nancy has a managerial position at the bank.

brass

n. used to make musical instruments and ornaments
Brass is used to make musical instruments like trumpets.

oriented

adj. faced in that direction.
He is living a money-oriented lifestyle.

prestige

n. people admire or respect them
The young actress gained much prestige after she won an award.

archaic

adj. very old or outdated
To be competitive, we must update our archaic equipment.

component

n. part of a larger machine
Computers have many different components, so they are complicated to build.

peninsula

n. a large piece of land that is surrounded by the sea on three sides
The state of Florida is an example of a peninsula.

dependence

n. somebody relies on something else
Young children have a dependence on their parents.

monetary

adj. relates to money
A strong monetary policy is important for a country to be successful.

saturate

v. completely soak it with a liquid
The sponge was saturated with soapy water and dripped all over the floor.

preliminary

adj. happens before a more important event
The runners must do well in the preliminary races to qualify for the final race.

simplicity

n. easy to do or understand
We were able to find the house thanks to the simplicity of the directions.

precaution

n. stop something bad from happening
As a precaution, you should put on a heavy coat before going out in cold weather.

ditch

n. a narrow hole cut into the ground by a road or a field
When the car slid off of the road, it fell into the ditch.

enterprise

n. a company or business
My father owns an advertising enterprise.

tomato

n. a round red fruit, but usually eaten as a vegetable
I like tomato sandwiches.

capitalist

n. a business person who invests in trade and industry for profit
The capitalist invested in a factory that made wheat into cereal.

finance

v. to provide money for them
The government financed the scientist’s experiments with new weapons.

irrigate

v. to supply water to land
In dry climates, it is important to irrigate fields of crops.

maximize

v. to make it as great as possible in amount, size, or importance
You should exercise regularly to maximize a healthy lifestyle.

accountant

n. a person whose job is to keep financial accounts for a business
The accountant helped us keep track of our spending.

sow

v. to plant them in the ground
He always sows his garden seeds in the springtime.

upcoming

adj. will happen in the near future
The kids were worried about their upcoming exam.

spade

n. a tool used for digging
The gardener used her spade to make a hole for the new plant.

contempt

n. the feeling of having no respect for something
The judge had contempt for the wicked criminal.

crop

n. something produced by the land
I had a good crop of onions this year.

dedicate

n. to put a lot of time and effort into it
The nun dedicated herself to helping people in need.

indifferent

adj. a lack of interest in it
Lisa is indifferent toward school. She doesn’t care what her final grades are.

consecutive

adj. happen one after another without interruption
The king ruled for ten consecutive years.

tattoo

n. design that is drawn permanently on the skin with needles
The surfer had tattoos on both his arms.

crude

adj. not exact or detailed but can still be useful
She drew crude hearts on the ground to show how much she loved him.

confer

v. to discuss something with them to make a decision
I will have to confer with my wife before I can purchase a new car.

situate

v. to place or build it in a certain place
The road was situated between the forest and the lake.

symmetry

n. the state of having two halves that are exactly the same
The artist made sure to use perfect symmetry when painting the butterfly.

undergraduate

n. student at a college who is studying for a bachelor's degree
She was excited to finish high school and enroll as an undergraduate in the fall.

appoint

v. to give the job to them
Two students were appointed to help the scientists with their research.

masculine

adj. When something is masculine, it is a quality or thing related to men.
American football is usually considered a masculine sport.

muscular

adj. very fit and strong
He exercised regularly so that his body could become muscular.

applaud

v. to clap in order to show approval
Everyone cheered and applauded Manny’s efforts.

compatible

adj. work well or exist together successfully
Jan and Fred are too different. They will never be compatible.

ignorance

n. lack of knowledge about it
When he failed the test, his ignorance of math was obvious.

competence

n. the ability to do something well or effectively
The job was easy because the group had enough competence to do it well.

anthropology

n. the study of people, society, and culture
In anthropology class, I learned about simple tools that ancient cultures used.

supervise

v. to make sure that it is done correctly
Allen supervised the construction workers to ensure everyone’s safety.

cube

n. a solid object with six square surfaces that are all the same size
Please get me some ice cubes to put in my soda.

feedback

n. comments to a person about how they are doing something
I asked my boss for feedback on my work.

posture

n. the manner in which they stand or sit
Your back will feel better if you improve your posture.

monument

n. a structure that is built to remind people of a person or event
A large monument was built to honor the brave soldiers.

facility

n. a building that exists for a particular purpose
There are many educational facilities in big cities.

heap

n. a large pile of them
After the building was torn down, all that was left was a heap of bricks.

lick

v. to pass the tongue over something
The dog jumped up and licked her face.

ornament

n. attractive object that people display in their homes
The woman kept some colorful ornaments on the shelves.

criteria

n. factors on which a person judges or decides something
Before she got the job, she had to meet all the necessary criteria.

crust

n. tough outer part of a loaf of bread
The little boy never ate the crust of his pizza.

hound

n. a type of dog that is often used for racing or hunting
The men took their hounds with them when they went on the hunting trip.

external

adj. connected to an outer part
It is warm inside my house, but the external temperature is freezing.

consumption

n. act of eating or drinking it
These apples are too rotten for consumption.

faculty

n. a mental or physical ability
The boy’s mental faculties impressed all of his teachers.

escort

v. safely accompany them to a place
Her bodyguards escorted her to the movie theater.

considerate

adj. pay attention to the needs of others
The considerate boy gave his girlfriend a present to cheer her up when she was sad.

hemisphere

n. one half of the Earth
In the northern hemisphere, the weather is usually warmest in July and August.

spectator

n. someone who watches something, for example, a sports event
There were thousands of spectators at the big game.

entitle

v. to give them the right to have or do something
His golden ticket entitled him to sit in the front row at the concert.

pedestrian

n. a person who is walking on a street
Drivers should be careful when pedestrians are walking around.

cater

v. to provide them with all the things they need or want
Bill was too sick to get out of bed, so his nurse catered to his needs.

impersonal

adj. not friendly and makes people feel unimportant
The boy felt scared on his first day at the big, impersonal high school.

sanctuary

n. a place where people in danger can go to be safe
The church was made into a sanctuary for homeless people in the winter.

yell

v. to say something very loudly
The coach yelled at his team for their poor performance.

fleet

n. a group of ships
The fleet of ships spent a few days at the dock.

import

v. to bring in a product from another country
Foods that have been imported are usually more expensive.

nausea

n. the feeling of being sick to your stomach
The doctor said the medicine would help get rid of her nausea.

acquisition

n. something that a person buys or gets in some way
Marty was happy with his new acquisition: a very fast bicycle.

naval

adj. a country's navy or military ships
The country sent all of its naval forces to protect them.

marble

n. a type of rock that feels cold and is smooth when cut
The large house had floors made of marble.

innate

adj. something that one is born with and was not learned
He had the innate desire to please his teachers.

accessory

n. a thing that is added to another thing to make it look better
The store sold colorful accessories like bags, sunglasses, and makeup.

grid

n. a pattern of squares with numbers and letters to find places on a map
We located our town using the grid.

update

v. an act of making something more modern or current
My phone is downloading a software update.

inflate

v. to fill it up with air
I helped him inflate the balloons.

mast

n. a long pole on a ship that holds the sail
The mast held both sails of the ship upright.

elaborate

adj. contains a lot of details
She gave the teacher an elaborate explanation of her project.

cardboard

n. a material made out of stiff paper
We packed our things into cardboard boxes and moved to our new home.

dilemma

n. a difficult situation in which a choice has to be made.
Choosing either the tastier or healthier drink proved to be quite a dilemma.

exact

adj. correct in every detail
I know the exact location of the restaurant you mentioned before.

saturated

adj. completely wet
Leigh’s hair became saturated in the rainstorm.

facilitate

v. to make it easier
To facilitate the meeting, Melissa used a simple computer program.

pouch

n. a small, flexible bag that is usually made of soft material
I keep my money in a small pouch.

infer

n. to decide it is true based on other information one has
By the position of the sun in the sky, she inferred that it was noon.