4000 Essential English Words 2e 6 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 6,7,8,9,10

obsolete

adj. not used anymore because something better exists
Since computers became inexpensive, typewriters have become obsolete.

refute

v. false or incorrect
The bank manager has refuted the claims that he lied to his customers.

medieval

adj. the period between 650 and 1500 CE
We visited a castle that was built during medieval times.

spectacular

adj. very impressive
There was a spectacular fireworks display in the park at New Year.

proportion

n. an amount that shows the link between the parts and the whole
Only a small proportion of the people in this town actually work here.

weave

v. to make cloth using horizontal and vertical threads
We saw a woman weave a blanket on our vacation to South America.

industry

n. a kind of business that produces services or things for sale
The tourist industry is doing well all around the world.

capitalism

n. economic system where private companies make goods for profit
Most economies in the world today are based on capitalism.

diminish

v. reduce or get smaller
As the economy got worse, my savings diminished.

radical

adj. very new or different
The president is planning to make some radical changes to the law.

impose

v. interrupt or force your ideas on other people
He imposes on his wife every morning by expecting her to make his breakfast.

drawback

n. a disadvantage
The drawback of having a car is that it is very expensive to maintain.

managerial

adj. something related to a manager or management
Nancy has a managerial position at the bank.

brass

n. used to make musical instruments and ornaments
Brass is used to make musical instruments like trumpets.

oriented

adj. faced in that direction.
He is living a money-oriented lifestyle.

prestige

n. people admire or respect them
The young actress gained much prestige after she won an award.

archaic

adj. very old or outdated
To be competitive, we must update our archaic equipment.

component

n. part of a larger machine
Computers have many different components, so they are complicated to build.

peninsula

n. a large piece of land that is surrounded by the sea on three sides
The state of Florida is an example of a peninsula.

dependence

n. somebody relies on something else
Young children have a dependence on their parents.

monetary

adj. relates to money
A strong monetary policy is important for a country to be successful.

saturate

v. completely soak it with a liquid
The sponge was saturated with soapy water and dripped all over the floor.

preliminary

adj. happens before a more important event
The runners must do well in the preliminary races to qualify for the final race.

simplicity

n. easy to do or understand
We were able to find the house thanks to the simplicity of the directions.

precaution

n. stop something bad from happening
As a precaution, you should put on a heavy coat before going out in cold weather.

ditch

n. a narrow hole cut into the ground by a road or a field
When the car slid off of the road, it fell into the ditch.

enterprise

n. a company or business
My father owns an advertising enterprise.

tomato

n. a round red fruit, but usually eaten as a vegetable
I like tomato sandwiches.

capitalist

n. a business person who invests in trade and industry for profit
The capitalist invested in a factory that made wheat into cereal.

finance

v. to provide money for them
The government financed the scientist’s experiments with new weapons.

irrigate

v. to supply water to land
In dry climates, it is important to irrigate fields of crops.

maximize

v. to make it as great as possible in amount, size, or importance
You should exercise regularly to maximize a healthy lifestyle.

accountant

n. a person whose job is to keep financial accounts for a business
The accountant helped us keep track of our spending.

sow

v. to plant them in the ground
He always sows his garden seeds in the springtime.

upcoming

adj. will happen in the near future
The kids were worried about their upcoming exam.

spade

n. a tool used for digging
The gardener used her spade to make a hole for the new plant.

contempt

n. the feeling of having no respect for something
The judge had contempt for the wicked criminal.

crop

n. something produced by the land
I had a good crop of onions this year.

dedicate

n. to put a lot of time and effort into it
The nun dedicated herself to helping people in need.

indifferent

adj. a lack of interest in it
Lisa is indifferent toward school. She doesn’t care what her final grades are.

consecutive

adj. happen one after another without interruption
The king ruled for ten consecutive years.

tattoo

n. design that is drawn permanently on the skin with needles
The surfer had tattoos on both his arms.

crude

adj. not exact or detailed but can still be useful
She drew crude hearts on the ground to show how much she loved him.

confer

v. to discuss something with them to make a decision
I will have to confer with my wife before I can purchase a new car.

situate

v. to place or build it in a certain place
The road was situated between the forest and the lake.

symmetry

n. the state of having two halves that are exactly the same
The artist made sure to use perfect symmetry when painting the butterfly.

undergraduate

n. student at a college who is studying for a bachelor's degree
She was excited to finish high school and enroll as an undergraduate in the fall.

appoint

v. to give the job to them
Two students were appointed to help the scientists with their research.

masculine

adj. When something is masculine, it is a quality or thing related to men.
American football is usually considered a masculine sport.

muscular

adj. very fit and strong
He exercised regularly so that his body could become muscular.

applaud

v. to clap in order to show approval
Everyone cheered and applauded Manny’s efforts.

compatible

adj. work well or exist together successfully
Jan and Fred are too different. They will never be compatible.

ignorance

n. lack of knowledge about it
When he failed the test, his ignorance of math was obvious.

competence

n. the ability to do something well or effectively
The job was easy because the group had enough competence to do it well.

anthropology

n. the study of people, society, and culture
In anthropology class, I learned about simple tools that ancient cultures used.

supervise

v. to make sure that it is done correctly
Allen supervised the construction workers to ensure everyone’s safety.

cube

n. a solid object with six square surfaces that are all the same size
Please get me some ice cubes to put in my soda.

feedback

n. comments to a person about how they are doing something
I asked my boss for feedback on my work.

posture

n. the manner in which they stand or sit
Your back will feel better if you improve your posture.

monument

n. a structure that is built to remind people of a person or event
A large monument was built to honor the brave soldiers.

facility

n. a building that exists for a particular purpose
There are many educational facilities in big cities.

heap

n. a large pile of them
After the building was torn down, all that was left was a heap of bricks.

lick

v. to pass the tongue over something
The dog jumped up and licked her face.

ornament

n. attractive object that people display in their homes
The woman kept some colorful ornaments on the shelves.

criteria

n. factors on which a person judges or decides something
Before she got the job, she had to meet all the necessary criteria.

crust

n. tough outer part of a loaf of bread
The little boy never ate the crust of his pizza.

hound

n. a type of dog that is often used for racing or hunting
The men took their hounds with them when they went on the hunting trip.

external

adj. connected to an outer part
It is warm inside my house, but the external temperature is freezing.

consumption

n. act of eating or drinking it
These apples are too rotten for consumption.

faculty

n. a mental or physical ability
The boy’s mental faculties impressed all of his teachers.

escort

v. safely accompany them to a place
Her bodyguards escorted her to the movie theater.

considerate

adj. pay attention to the needs of others
The considerate boy gave his girlfriend a present to cheer her up when she was sad.

hemisphere

n. one half of the Earth
In the northern hemisphere, the weather is usually warmest in July and August.

spectator

n. someone who watches something, for example, a sports event
There were thousands of spectators at the big game.

entitle

v. to give them the right to have or do something
His golden ticket entitled him to sit in the front row at the concert.

pedestrian

n. a person who is walking on a street
Drivers should be careful when pedestrians are walking around.

cater

v. to provide them with all the things they need or want
Bill was too sick to get out of bed, so his nurse catered to his needs.

impersonal

adj. not friendly and makes people feel unimportant
The boy felt scared on his first day at the big, impersonal high school.

sanctuary

n. a place where people in danger can go to be safe
The church was made into a sanctuary for homeless people in the winter.

yell

v. to say something very loudly
The coach yelled at his team for their poor performance.

fleet

n. a group of ships
The fleet of ships spent a few days at the dock.

import

v. to bring in a product from another country
Foods that have been imported are usually more expensive.

nausea

n. the feeling of being sick to your stomach
The doctor said the medicine would help get rid of her nausea.

acquisition

n. something that a person buys or gets in some way
Marty was happy with his new acquisition: a very fast bicycle.

naval

adj. a country's navy or military ships
The country sent all of its naval forces to protect them.

marble

n. a type of rock that feels cold and is smooth when cut
The large house had floors made of marble.

innate

adj. something that one is born with and was not learned
He had the innate desire to please his teachers.

accessory

n. a thing that is added to another thing to make it look better
The store sold colorful accessories like bags, sunglasses, and makeup.

grid

n. a pattern of squares with numbers and letters to find places on a map
We located our town using the grid.

update

v. an act of making something more modern or current
My phone is downloading a software update.

inflate

v. to fill it up with air
I helped him inflate the balloons.

mast

n. a long pole on a ship that holds the sail
The mast held both sails of the ship upright.

elaborate

adj. contains a lot of details
She gave the teacher an elaborate explanation of her project.

cardboard

n. a material made out of stiff paper
We packed our things into cardboard boxes and moved to our new home.

dilemma

n. a difficult situation in which a choice has to be made.
Choosing either the tastier or healthier drink proved to be quite a dilemma.

exact

adj. correct in every detail
I know the exact location of the restaurant you mentioned before.

saturated

adj. completely wet
Leigh’s hair became saturated in the rainstorm.

facilitate

v. to make it easier
To facilitate the meeting, Melissa used a simple computer program.

pouch

n. a small, flexible bag that is usually made of soft material
I keep my money in a small pouch.

infer

n. to decide it is true based on other information one has
By the position of the sun in the sky, she inferred that it was noon.