4000 Essential English Words 2e 6 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 4,5,6

arid

adj. it is hot and dry and gets very little or no rain
Not many plants grow in the arid desert.

fast

n. to go without food or drink for a period of time.
In her religion, they fast for five days and then have a big feast.

rugged

adj. rocky and difficult to travel through
Their car couldn’t make it far along the rugged roads.

oath

n. An oath is a formal, often public, promise.
Judges must take an oath to be fair to everyone in court.

ample

adj. it is enough or more than enough
There was an ample supply of oats to feed the horses.

adjoin

v. be next to or attached to something else
She can listen to her brother’s conversations because her room adjoins his.

cathedral

n. an important, and often large and beautifully-built, church
The large cathedral is full of people on Sunday mornings.

scarce

adj. a very small amount of it
When gasoline was scarce, we rode our bike to school instead of driving.

deprive

v. to not let them have it
Because the child was bad, she was deprived of her dessert after dinner.

abbey

n. a house, or group of houses, where monks or nuns live
When the monk returned to the abbey, he went immediately to his bedroom.

crisis

n. a difficult time when things are going to either get worse or better
The crisis was over and things returned to normal.

drought

n. a long period of time in which little or no rain falls
After three months of drought, the vegetation and trees started dying.

moisture

n. small drops of water in the air or on a surface
If you breathe on a window, moisture from your breath collects on the glass.

abundant

adj. it is available in large quantities
Cakes, cookies, and candy were so abundant that the child was very happy.

speculate

v. to guess about something
My sister looked at the sky and speculated that it would rain tomorrow.

eligible

adj. permitted to do or have something
Only people who bought tickets were eligible to win a prize.

inland

adv. into the center of a country or land
The river curved inland near the campground.

nonetheless

adv. occurs despite some other thing.
She tried to keep the dog out of the mud, but it got dirty nonetheless.

prairie

n. to move back and forth or up and down quickly
The prairie was perfect for a farm because there were hills and trees.

Celsius

n. a scale for measuring temperature.
Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.

companion

n. someone spends a lot of time with.
I always walk to school with my companion Frank.

ecology

n. the study of the environment and living things
We study ecology to learn how to help improve the Earth.

feat

n. an impressive or difficult achievement or action
The elephant’s standing up on one leg was a feat.

infinite

adj. no limit or end
Many scientists believe that the universe is infinite.

coarse

adj. a rough texture.
The coarse sweater made my skin itch.

bizarre

adj. very strange
My bizarre dreams make no sense to me when I am awake.

duration

n. time during which it happens.
The girls watched television for the duration of the evening.

aquatic

adj. lives or grows in water
The dolphin is an aquatic mammal.

digest

v. swallow food and pass it through the body.
Allow some time for food to be digested before going swimming.

parasite

n. a tiny animal or plant that attaches to another animal to get food
The sick dog was covered in parasites.

vulnerable

adj. weak and without protection
He felt very vulnerable when he was stranded in the desert.

repetitive

adj. repeated many times and becomes boring
Working on an assembly line making cars every day is a repetitive job.

reproductive

adj. a living thing which can produce young
The reproductive system of a plant is simple.

nucleus

n. the central part of an atom or cell
The nucleus is made up of many tiny particles.

undergo

v. to have it happen to you
The cancer patient undergoes treatments twice a week.

prominent

adj. important and well known
Queen Victoria was a prominent person in history.

tolerance

n. the ability to accept something unfavorable
Boxers have a high tolerance for pain.

temperate

adj. never gets too hot or cold
In Peru, the weather is temperate and rarely gets too hot or cold.

biosphere

n. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth where living organisms exist
Birds, trees, and worms all thrive in the biosphere.

obsolete

adj. not used anymore because something better exists
Since computers became inexpensive, typewriters have become obsolete.

refute

v. false or incorrect
The bank manager has refuted the claims that he lied to his customers.

medieval

adj. the period between 650 and 1500 CE
We visited a castle that was built during medieval times.

spectacular

adj. very impressive
There was a spectacular fireworks display in the park at New Year.

proportion

n. an amount that shows the link between the parts and the whole
Only a small proportion of the people in this town actually work here.

weave

v. to make cloth using horizontal and vertical threads
We saw a woman weave a blanket on our vacation to South America.

industry

n. a kind of business that produces services or things for sale
The tourist industry is doing well all around the world.

capitalism

n. economic system where private companies make goods for profit
Most economies in the world today are based on capitalism.

diminish

v. reduce or get smaller
As the economy got worse, my savings diminished.

radical

adj. very new or different
The president is planning to make some radical changes to the law.

impose

v. interrupt or force your ideas on other people
He imposes on his wife every morning by expecting her to make his breakfast.

drawback

n. a disadvantage
The drawback of having a car is that it is very expensive to maintain.

managerial

adj. something related to a manager or management
Nancy has a managerial position at the bank.

brass

n. used to make musical instruments and ornaments
Brass is used to make musical instruments like trumpets.

oriented

adj. faced in that direction.
He is living a money-oriented lifestyle.

prestige

n. people admire or respect them
The young actress gained much prestige after she won an award.

archaic

adj. very old or outdated
To be competitive, we must update our archaic equipment.

component

n. part of a larger machine
Computers have many different components, so they are complicated to build.

peninsula

n. a large piece of land that is surrounded by the sea on three sides
The state of Florida is an example of a peninsula.

dependence

n. somebody relies on something else
Young children have a dependence on their parents.