4000 Essential English Words 2e 5 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20

detail

n. a small piece of information
Jane told Ben all the details of her trip to China.

shelter

n. a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather
The frog took shelter from the storm in a nearby hold.

culture

n. the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people
Ancient Mexican culture is renowned for its architecture.

armed

adj. carrying a weapon
The robber was armed with a gun.

alliance

n. a group of people who work together
The junior executives formed an alliance with each other.

applause

n. the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud applause.

genre

n. a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style
She is considered a master in the comedy genre.

obstacle

n. an object or a problem that stops you from doing something
Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest obstacle for the hikers.

vain

adj. being only concerned with how they look
Rebecca is so vain that she looks at herself in every mirror.

lure

v. to convince someone to do something by using a trick
The store lures people in with big signs that say “Sale!”

enchant

v. to make someone feel very interested or happy
The beautiful woman enchanted everybody in the room.

exception

n. someone or something not conforming to a rule
Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the exception.

defense

n. something that is done to protect another thing
The air force works in defense of its country.

ceremony

n. an event that happens on special occasions
Tom and Amy’s marriage ceremony is in June.

diverse

adj. made up of a wide variety of things
Big cities have diverse populations with people of different races and ages.

impact

n. the effect someone or something has
My grandmother had a great impact on my life.

bravery

n. brave behavior
The books commended the general’s bravery.

equip

v. to give them the things needed to do something
Steve was equipped with the tools needed to do the job.

authoritative

adj. using the best information available
This book is an authoritative source on ancient Egypt’s Queen Nefertiti.

supply

v. to give people what they need or want
The water heater supplied the house with warm water.

avenue

n. a road, often a large one with buildings on each side
Drive down this avenue and then turn left to get to the park.

current

n. a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean
The ocean currents took the ship far off into the sea.

harsh

adj. very unpleasant
The desert can be a very harsh environment.

rescue

v. to remove someone from danger
The firefighter rescued the man from the burning building.

enthusiasm

n. a very strong good feeling about something
The crowd showed their enthusiasm for the soccer team by cheering loudly.

lean

n. to bend in a particular direction
The woman leaned against the counter because she was tired.

alternative

n. something that you can choose instead of your first choice
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an alternative.

timid

adj. afraid, shy, or nervous
The timid child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.

belly

n. the stomach of a person or animal
His belly was full because he had eaten a lot of food.

meantime

n. the time between two events
Ted began setting the table. In the meantime, I began preparing the food.

muscle

n. a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move
She went to the gym in order to make her muscles stronger.

violence

n. forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people
The boy hit his brother in an act of violence.

disrespect

n. rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect
He showed disrespect by arguing with his boss during a meeting.

mischief

n. behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people
Ben was up to mischief when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.

bid

n. an attempt to do something
He made a bid to become the university’s next president.

conflict

n. a fight between different people or groups
The two nations had a conflict over which one could use the water in the river.

continent

n. one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth
Asia is the largest continent.

succession

n. a number of things that follow one after the other
The student said the letters of the alphabet in succession.

blow

n. to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind
The wind is blowing very hard today. We should stay inside.

terrain

n. the land and all of its physical features or parts
The terrain below was rocky and full of hills.

horn

n. a device that makes a loud noise
The boy honked his horn as he rode his bicycle past the house.

lag

v. to move slowly behind other moving objects
The girl on rollerblades lagged behind the little girl on the bicycle.

signature

n. your name, when you write it in your own way
I put my signature at the end of the letter.

stuff

n. a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name
We gave a lot of stuff to the charity.

subconscious

adj. done without thinking about something
Breathing is one of the subconscious things that the body does.

zoom

v. to move quickly
The cars zoomed along the road.

destiny

n. all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life
It was his destiny to become a great singer.

van

n. a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck
The delivery company uses large vans to deliver packages.

charm

n. to please someone with your personality
Gail charmed everyone with her humorous stories.

protein

n. a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
Fish and beef are good sources of protein.

workout

n. an exercise routine that helps improve health
She doesn’t do her workout on the weekends.

bead

n. a drop of liquid
Beads of water collected on the outside of the glass.

brew

n. to pour hot water over coffee or tea
Please brew a fresh pot of coffee.

nightmare

n. a bad or scary dream
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a nightmare.

warn

n. to make someone know of possible danger in the future
The lifeguard warned people to stay away from the rough ocean.

equipment

n. the things which are used for a specific purpose
The factory produces a wide range of high-tech equipment.

affect

v. to have an influence over someone or something
The student’s poor attitude affected the other students in the class.

autograph

n. the written name of a famous person
Everybody wanted the movie star’s autograph.

irritable

adj. becoming annoyed or angry very easily
She is irritable when she doesn’t get enough sleep.

nutritious

adj. helping the body stay healthy
Mangoes are one of the most nutritious fruits in the world.

shutter

n. wooden or metal covers in front of a window
Mr. Smith closed the shutters every night to make his bedroom dark.

flexible

adj. able to bend easily without breaking
The tree branch was so flexible it could be bent into a circle and not break.

crumble

v. to break or fall apart into small pieces
The old house’s walls crumbled into a pile of rock and wood.

reconcile

v. to return to a friendly relationship
After arguing, the two friends were reconciled with each other.

shatter

v. to break something suddenly into many tiny pieces
When the ball hit the window, the glass shattered.

sprinkle

v. to scatter something all over something else
He sprinkled the pasta with salt and black pepper.

fist

n. a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm
The bully made a fist and threatened to hit the small boy.

flush

v. the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion
After the long race, the runner’s face was flushed.

dough

n. a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked
I made heart-shaped cookies from the dough.

express

n. to show others how one thinks or feels
The nurse expressed her sympathy for the sick patient.

mixture

n. something that is made by mixing other things together
The walls were built using a mixture of water, rock, and dirt.

ruin

v. to damage greatly
He ruined his white shirt when he spilled tomato soup on himself.

slight

adj. small or minor
There was only a slight change in the little boy’s height.

utter

n. to say a word or a sound
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely utter a single word.

injure

v. to damage a part of someone's body
The car crash injured two people.

lump

n. a small piece of something that is solid
The artist took a lump of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.

sift

v. to remove all the large pieces
The baker sifted the flour into a large bowl.

brick

n. a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls
There were several bricks scattered on the ground.

stale

adj. not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat
The cookies sat on the table so long that they became stale.

sparkle

n. to shine brightly with quick flashes of light
The stars sparkled in the winter night’s sky.

measure

v. to find out the quality, value, or effect of something
The scientists carefully measured the amount of chemicals in the tubes.

complain

v. to say that you are unhappy about something
The workers complained that they were being treated unfairly.

climate

n. the usual weather in a place
The climate in the desert is very hot.

leash

n. a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal
Dogs must wear a leash to keep them from running away.

misery

n. extreme suffering
There was a lot of misery after Sam lost his dog.

apply

v. to put on something
She always applies makeup to her face before going outside.

due

adj. expected to happen or be done at that time
The papers were due on the 19th.

midst

n. the middle of something
She was in the midst of cleaning when the telephone rang.

research

n. close and careful study to discover new things
Scientists did a lot of research on the subject of blood type.

variety

n. a group of many different kinds of something
There are a variety of flowers at the shop.

confuse

v. to make someone feel like they are unsure
The sign confused the traveler because it pointed in two directions.

establish

v. to create something
He wanted to establish a club for people to help the Earth.

await

v. to wait for something
The players awaited the referee’s decision.

furnace

n. a place where heat is made
Mr. Jones came to fix the furnace.

powerless

adj. without power or authority
I fear my father is powerless now.

although

conj. one thing is contrasted by another
Although she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.

beloved

adj. it is very special and you like it very much
The boy took a nap next to his beloved cat.

mature

v. to grow up to become an adult
When they matured, they became as tall as their parents.

prior

adj. happened earlier
Ron had to wait since he arrived prior to the scheduled meeting time.

spaceship

n. a craft designed for spaceflight
Many people want to travel into space by spaceship.

sake

n. the reason for doing something
The parents worked hard for their children’s sake.

stitch

v. to use a needle and thread to join pieces of cloth together
My grandmother stitched the pieces together to make a big blanket.

rip

v. to pull something apart
She ripped the paper in half by accident.

altogether

adv. it happens completely
The company stopped using sugar altogether in its food.

hoop

n. a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball hoop.

source

n. the place that something comes from
The river was the source of drinking water for the village.

bruise

n. a dark mark caused by being hit by something
She got a bruise on her knee from falling down.

misfortune

n. bad luck or an unlucky event
His family helped him when he encountered misfortune.

disobedient

adj. not following the rules or instructions
The disobedient children didn’t listen to their mother and had an accident.

glimpse

v. to see something for a short time
She glimpsed outside the window as the plane was about to land.

per

prep. each
It costs eight dollars per person to watch the baseball game.

scrape

v. to rub something very hard with another thing sharp
I accidentally scraped the paint off the side of the car.

stern

adj. very serious
The stern teacher didn’t allow the students to speak during class.

plead

v. to ask for something you want very badly
He pleaded for his parents to let him go to the soccer game.

thump

n. the sound of a heavy object hitting something
They heard the thump when the bowling ball hit the floor.

foresee

v. to know about something before it happens
The teacher didn’t foresee any problems with his large class.

custom

n. a way of doing things that has been the same for a long time
It is a custom that the bride and groom have the first dance.

negative

adj. unpleasant or sad
She doesn’t like to say negative things about her friends.

vehement

adj. angry and emotional
Gina was vehement when she found out that Liz was bad in school.

bind

v. to make people feel united together
The victims of the flood were bound by their need to help each other.

bathe

v. to wash oneself with water
The mermaid bathed herself in the ocean.

gut

n. intestines, where food is processed after leaving the stomach
Thousands of bacteria live in your gut and help you digest food.

physician

n. a doctor
The physician was a friendly man who did his best with all of his patients.

demography

n. the study of people and populations
If you study demography, you’ll see huge population growth in some areas of the world.

helmet

n. a type of hard hat that protects your head
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a helmet.

nonsense

n. words or ideas that are silly or foolish
The baby was talking nonsense into the phone.

appall

v. to disgust someone
Minerva was appalled when she read the email from her enemy.

dip

v. a decline or a worsening in condition
The economy experienced a dip in the 1930s, leading many workers to lose their jobs.

herb

n. a plant used for cooking or medicine
I couldn’t decide which herb I wanted to buy at the market.

militant

adj. angry and aggressive, and willing to fight easily
The woman delivered an angry, militant speech on the floor of the legislature.

bounds

v. the area in a game in which plays are legal
If your ball lands outside the lines, it’s out of bounds.

mourn

v. to show or feel great sadness when you lose someone
The entire family mourned their grandfather’s death together.

alike

adj. similar to each other
The brothers looked so much alike that it was impossible to tell one from the other.

critique

v. to express an opinion about the good and the bad parts of something
My job is to critique the food at various restaurants.

miracle

n. an unexpected blessing which seems almost impossible, like a gift from heaven
A miracle happened when Rosalita won over 60 million dollars in the lottery.

diagnosis

n. a doctor's decision about the cause of an illness
The vet’s diagnosis was that our dog had a broken leg.

ailing

adj. sickly or not doing well
Antonio’s ailing health caused his head to hurt.

distress

n. a feeling of sadness and anxiousness
We were in great distress when our home was destroyed during the last hurricane.

fever

n. when a body's temperature is higher than normal
He had to miss school because he was sick with a fever.

grim

adj. worrying, serious, and scary
The boy made the grim discovery that he had accidentally deleted his homework.

hermit

n. one who lives alone and does not spend time with others
The hermit lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.

reserve

v. to keep something for a certain person or time
He reserved a table at the busy restaurant.

comic

adj. funny
The comic actor was famous for his jokes.

complicate

v. to make something harder than necessary
The bad weather complicated finishing the job quickly.

basement

n. a room that is built underground
They turned their basement into a game room.

blink

v. to shut the eyes and quickly open them again
I blinked many times so that my eyes could adjust to the bright light.

decline

n. to say no to an offer or invitation
She declined his offer to pay for her dinner.

ponder

v. to think about something carefully
She sat in the park and pondered her problem.

accent

n. a certain way of speaking that shows where a person is from
The new teacher’s accent was clearly a German one.

leather

n. a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing
He got a new leather jacket for his birthday.

search

v. to look for something or someone carefully
I searched the newspaper for a new job.

choir

n. a group of people who sing together
He had choir practice every day after school.

slam

v. to close something hard
She slammed the book shut after she finished reading it.

glove

n. a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of gloves.

errand

n. a trip taken to do a specific activity
He couldn’t go to practice because he had several errands to do.

script

n. the words of a film or play
He read the script of the play three times.

staircase

n. a set of stairs found inside a building
The staircase leads directly into the kitchen.

barber

n. a person whose job is to cut men's hair
My hair is getting much too long. I’d better go to the barber’s shop.

blank

adj. not having anything on something
She got a blank piece of paper to draw on.

justly

adv. fair
We justly decided to give the prize to him.

chapter

n. a part of a book that usually has a number or a title
The first chapter of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.

pea

n. a vegetable that is small, round, and green
His favorite food was peas.

state

n. to say something in a definite way
The president stated his opinion about the world’s health concerns.

vivid

adj. bright and colorful
The figures in the painting were vivid.

connect

v. to join two things together
I connected the mouse to my laptop computer.

unfortunate

adj. bad or unlucky
It was unfortunate that Dave’s team lost, but he still had fun.

afflicted

adj. to suffer physically or mentally
He was afflicted by pain in his right arm.

cargo

n. the items carried by a ship or an airplane
The cargo of the ship got wet when it started raining.

retain

v. to keep something
Even by the afternoon, the day had retained the morning’s freshness.

atmosphere

n. the air around the Earth where weather conditions form
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the atmosphere.

idle

adj. not doing anything
She read a book to keep from being idle.

raisin

n. a dried grape
Raisins are one of my favorite snacks.

notify

v. to tell someone about something
The teacher notified us about a change to our assignment.

etc.

adv. the short for "etcetera"
She was going to bring treats to the party: cookies, muffins, cake, etc.

aisle

n. a space between two things that people use to walk
They were told to clear the aisle because the plane was about to land.

flip

v. to press a switch quickly to turn it on or off
To turn on the lights, just flip this switch.

vomit

v. to have food come up from one's stomach
It is common for women to vomit when they are pregnant.

breakdown

n. a failure to work correctly
Her car had a breakdown, and she wasn’t sure how to fix it.

author

n. a person who wrote a certain piece of writing
The author was hard at work on his next novel.

tray

n. a flat plate used to hold food
The waiter brought our food on a tray.

impatient

adj. to get angry or anxious when something takes too much time
The impatient teacher could not control the students in her classroom.

calendar

n. a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year
Marco used an online calendar to keep track of his schedule.

cave

n. an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground cave.

fond

adj. to cherish or like something
The mother cow was very fond of her lovely little calf.

optimist

n. someone who has a lot of hope and always sees the bright side of things
Joe was an optimist, so he believed he would get the job that he wanted.

flank

v. to be positioned at the side of something or someone
The mayor entered the room flanked by her advisers.

deadline

n. the time by which you need to have something completed
Marius had a short deadline in which to finish his report.

exert

v. to use strength or ability to do something
You exert a lot of energy when you lift weights.

contingent

n. a set of people that are part of a larger group
The movie star stood in front of an entire contingent of photographers.

constantly

adv. doing something on a continuous basis
He was constantly checking his watch to see if he was late.

calorie

n. a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce
My sister is on a low-calorie diet for fitness training.

mid

adj. in the middle or center of something
Cassandra fell asleep mid-movie.

ankle

n. a part connecting your leg to your foot
The man hurt his ankle while jogging in the park.

impair

v. to make something weaker or worse
Regularly eating too much can impair your health.

cabin

n. a small wooden house in a forest or camping area
The man reached the mountain cabin after a long day of hiking along the river.

forbid

v. to order someone not to do something
After Robert used his crayons on the wall, his mother wanted to forbid him from using them at all!

ambition

n. the desire to succeed and to become the best at something
His great ambition led him to try to climb the mountain alone.

haul

v. to carry something from place to place
The porter said he’d haul our suitcases up to our hotel room.

ambulance

n. a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency
The ambulance sped through the street to get to the accident.

nutrition

n. the process of eating the right kind of food in order to stay healthy
The mother always made sure that her baby had good nutrition.