4000 Essential English Words 2e 5 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 11,12,13,14,15

detail

n. a small piece of information
Jane told Ben all the details of her trip to China.

shelter

n. a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather
The frog took shelter from the storm in a nearby hold.

culture

n. the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people
Ancient Mexican culture is renowned for its architecture.

armed

adj. carrying a weapon
The robber was armed with a gun.

alliance

n. a group of people who work together
The junior executives formed an alliance with each other.

applause

n. the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud applause.

genre

n. a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style
She is considered a master in the comedy genre.

obstacle

n. an object or a problem that stops you from doing something
Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest obstacle for the hikers.

vain

adj. being only concerned with how they look
Rebecca is so vain that she looks at herself in every mirror.

lure

v. to convince someone to do something by using a trick
The store lures people in with big signs that say “Sale!”

enchant

v. to make someone feel very interested or happy
The beautiful woman enchanted everybody in the room.

exception

n. someone or something not conforming to a rule
Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the exception.

defense

n. something that is done to protect another thing
The air force works in defense of its country.

ceremony

n. an event that happens on special occasions
Tom and Amy’s marriage ceremony is in June.

diverse

adj. made up of a wide variety of things
Big cities have diverse populations with people of different races and ages.

impact

n. the effect someone or something has
My grandmother had a great impact on my life.

bravery

n. brave behavior
The books commended the general’s bravery.

equip

v. to give them the things needed to do something
Steve was equipped with the tools needed to do the job.

authoritative

adj. using the best information available
This book is an authoritative source on ancient Egypt’s Queen Nefertiti.

supply

v. to give people what they need or want
The water heater supplied the house with warm water.

avenue

n. a road, often a large one with buildings on each side
Drive down this avenue and then turn left to get to the park.

current

n. a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean
The ocean currents took the ship far off into the sea.

harsh

adj. very unpleasant
The desert can be a very harsh environment.

rescue

v. to remove someone from danger
The firefighter rescued the man from the burning building.

enthusiasm

n. a very strong good feeling about something
The crowd showed their enthusiasm for the soccer team by cheering loudly.

lean

n. to bend in a particular direction
The woman leaned against the counter because she was tired.

alternative

n. something that you can choose instead of your first choice
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an alternative.

timid

adj. afraid, shy, or nervous
The timid child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.

belly

n. the stomach of a person or animal
His belly was full because he had eaten a lot of food.

meantime

n. the time between two events
Ted began setting the table. In the meantime, I began preparing the food.

muscle

n. a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move
She went to the gym in order to make her muscles stronger.

violence

n. forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people
The boy hit his brother in an act of violence.

disrespect

n. rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect
He showed disrespect by arguing with his boss during a meeting.

mischief

n. behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people
Ben was up to mischief when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.

bid

n. an attempt to do something
He made a bid to become the university’s next president.

conflict

n. a fight between different people or groups
The two nations had a conflict over which one could use the water in the river.

continent

n. one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth
Asia is the largest continent.

succession

n. a number of things that follow one after the other
The student said the letters of the alphabet in succession.

blow

n. to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind
The wind is blowing very hard today. We should stay inside.

terrain

n. the land and all of its physical features or parts
The terrain below was rocky and full of hills.

horn

n. a device that makes a loud noise
The boy honked his horn as he rode his bicycle past the house.

lag

v. to move slowly behind other moving objects
The girl on rollerblades lagged behind the little girl on the bicycle.

signature

n. your name, when you write it in your own way
I put my signature at the end of the letter.

stuff

n. a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name
We gave a lot of stuff to the charity.

subconscious

adj. done without thinking about something
Breathing is one of the subconscious things that the body does.

zoom

v. to move quickly
The cars zoomed along the road.

destiny

n. all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life
It was his destiny to become a great singer.

van

n. a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck
The delivery company uses large vans to deliver packages.

charm

n. to please someone with your personality
Gail charmed everyone with her humorous stories.

protein

n. a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
Fish and beef are good sources of protein.

workout

n. an exercise routine that helps improve health
She doesn’t do her workout on the weekends.

bead

n. a drop of liquid
Beads of water collected on the outside of the glass.

brew

n. to pour hot water over coffee or tea
Please brew a fresh pot of coffee.

nightmare

n. a bad or scary dream
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a nightmare.

warn

n. to make someone know of possible danger in the future
The lifeguard warned people to stay away from the rough ocean.

equipment

n. the things which are used for a specific purpose
The factory produces a wide range of high-tech equipment.

affect

v. to have an influence over someone or something
The student’s poor attitude affected the other students in the class.

autograph

n. the written name of a famous person
Everybody wanted the movie star’s autograph.

irritable

adj. becoming annoyed or angry very easily
She is irritable when she doesn’t get enough sleep.

nutritious

adj. helping the body stay healthy
Mangoes are one of the most nutritious fruits in the world.

shutter

n. wooden or metal covers in front of a window
Mr. Smith closed the shutters every night to make his bedroom dark.

flexible

adj. able to bend easily without breaking
The tree branch was so flexible it could be bent into a circle and not break.

crumble

v. to break or fall apart into small pieces
The old house’s walls crumbled into a pile of rock and wood.

reconcile

v. to return to a friendly relationship
After arguing, the two friends were reconciled with each other.

shatter

v. to break something suddenly into many tiny pieces
When the ball hit the window, the glass shattered.

sprinkle

v. to scatter something all over something else
He sprinkled the pasta with salt and black pepper.

fist

n. a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm
The bully made a fist and threatened to hit the small boy.

flush

v. the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion
After the long race, the runner’s face was flushed.

dough

n. a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked
I made heart-shaped cookies from the dough.

express

n. to show others how one thinks or feels
The nurse expressed her sympathy for the sick patient.

mixture

n. something that is made by mixing other things together
The walls were built using a mixture of water, rock, and dirt.

ruin

v. to damage greatly
He ruined his white shirt when he spilled tomato soup on himself.

slight

adj. small or minor
There was only a slight change in the little boy’s height.

utter

n. to say a word or a sound
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely utter a single word.

injure

v. to damage a part of someone's body
The car crash injured two people.

lump

n. a small piece of something that is solid
The artist took a lump of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.

sift

v. to remove all the large pieces
The baker sifted the flour into a large bowl.

brick

n. a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls
There were several bricks scattered on the ground.

stale

adj. not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat
The cookies sat on the table so long that they became stale.

sparkle

n. to shine brightly with quick flashes of light
The stars sparkled in the winter night’s sky.

measure

v. to find out the quality, value, or effect of something
The scientists carefully measured the amount of chemicals in the tubes.

complain

v. to say that you are unhappy about something
The workers complained that they were being treated unfairly.

climate

n. the usual weather in a place
The climate in the desert is very hot.

leash

n. a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal
Dogs must wear a leash to keep them from running away.

misery

n. extreme suffering
There was a lot of misery after Sam lost his dog.

apply

v. to put on something
She always applies makeup to her face before going outside.

due

adj. expected to happen or be done at that time
The papers were due on the 19th.

midst

n. the middle of something
She was in the midst of cleaning when the telephone rang.

research

n. close and careful study to discover new things
Scientists did a lot of research on the subject of blood type.

variety

n. a group of many different kinds of something
There are a variety of flowers at the shop.

confuse

v. to make someone feel like they are unsure
The sign confused the traveler because it pointed in two directions.

establish

v. to create something
He wanted to establish a club for people to help the Earth.

await

v. to wait for something
The players awaited the referee’s decision.

furnace

n. a place where heat is made
Mr. Jones came to fix the furnace.

powerless

adj. without power or authority
I fear my father is powerless now.

although

conj. one thing is contrasted by another
Although she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.

beloved

adj. it is very special and you like it very much
The boy took a nap next to his beloved cat.

mature

v. to grow up to become an adult
When they matured, they became as tall as their parents.

prior

adj. happened earlier
Ron had to wait since he arrived prior to the scheduled meeting time.

spaceship

n. a craft designed for spaceflight
Many people want to travel into space by spaceship.