4000 Essential English Words 2e 5 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 28,29,30

scribble

v. to write something quickly without caring about how it looks
I scribbled a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.

solitude

n. the state of being totally alone
John lives a life of solitude because he doesn’t get along well with people.

incredulous

adj. not believing that it is true
She was incredulous that monkeys could ever drive a car.

linger

v. to last for a long time
The smell of fresh cookies lingered in the bakery.

paraphrase

v. to make someone else's writing or speech shorter
The students were asked to paraphrase the story they had just heard.

plague

n. a serious disease that quickly spreads to many people
A plague in Europe killed millions of people.

shrine

n. a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god
He prayed at the shrine for an hour.

expand

v. to increase
The company will expand its staff by ten percent next year

avail

n. help or benefit
His studying was to no avail because he failed the test.

worsen

v. to get worse
The weather suddenly worsened, and we had to stay inside.

define

n. to clearly state, show, or explain what something is
People define success in many different ways.

horrifying

adj. frightening and very unpleasant
There was a horrifying car accident today.

organism

n. a living thing, especially a very small one
We studied the organism under the microscope.

random

adj. happening without any pattern or reason
Young children often ask random questions.

riot

n. a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws
A riot broke out after the candidate lost the election.

presently

adv. happening right now
Presently, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.

summon

v. to ask a person to come to you
We summoned the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.

dread

n. to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen
I dread the possibility that I will not get into college.

fundamental

adj. being a basic part of something
The fundamental rules of basketball are easy.

stark

adj. severe or clear in appearance or outline
There is a stark contrast between their test scores.

confidential

adj. it must be kept secret
The information from the meeting is confidential.

phenomenon

n. something that can be seen as it is happening
I thought the lights were a strange phenomenon, but they were just shooting stars.

interact

v. to talk to or do something with another person
The kids began to interact when the adults left the room.

interval

n. the time between two things happening
Tony rested for brief intervals while he worked in the yard.

automobile

n. a car
The first automobiles were very different from the ones that exist today.

incorporate

v. to add something to another thing
I decided to incorporate a new ingredient into my cake recipe.

pollute

v. to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul
The careless factory polluted the river with chemicals.

tournament

n. a competition, usually with many people participating
My dad is playing in a golf tournament tomorrow.

guideline

n. a rule about how to do something
Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some guidelines.

territory

n. a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn't a state
Gibraltar is a territory of Great Britain.

era

n. a period of time that has something special about it
During the medieval era, knights wore protective armor.

candidate

n. a person who is competing to win something such as a job
Alice is the best candidate for the job.

mobile

adj. it can be moved easily
Mobile phones are convenient because you can use them anywhere.

ridicule

n. to make fun of something in a mean way
The other students ridicule Peter’s foreign accent.

transportation

n. any type of vehicle that can carry people or things
I don’t have a car, so my normal transportation is the train.

solar

adj. related to the sun
Using solar energy is good for the environment.

modify

v. to change something a little bit
I modified my outfit by adding a belt to it.

parallel

adj. being the same distance away from each other
There are two yellow parallel lines dividing both sides of traffic.

enhance

v. to make something better
Amy’s blue shirt really enhances the color of her eyes.

corporate

adj. related to a large business
Tom enjoys working in the corporate world.

tornado

n. a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly
During a tornado, the safest place to be is underground.

telegraph

n. a method of sending electric messages on wires
In the 1900s, the telegraph was the fastest way to send a message.

poultry

n. a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs
He raises poultry and sells their meat for extra money.

sergeant

n. a soldier or police officer of middle rank
He was promoted to sergeant after a year in the army.

wail

v. to show sadness by crying loudly
The baby wailed because it was hungry.

heir

n. a person who receives the money or property of someone who dies
The princess was the heir to the king and queen’s throne.

wardrobe

n. the collection of all of a person's clothing
She bought some new clothes to expand her wardrobe.

chaos

n. a situation that is confusing and not ordered
His presentation was in chaos. I couldn’t understand what he meant.

martial

adj. grown without adding chemicals to it
Karate is a martial art that began many years ago in Japan.

consistent

adj. always having the same behavior or attitude
Sara comes in every day and is our most consistent worker.

cyclone

n. a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the cyclone.

sheer

adj. complete and total
I was impressed by her sheer dedication to jogging.

organic

adj. someone or something that is not the same as others
The organic carrots are more expensive, but they’re better for you.

typhoon

n. a large tropical storm that moves in circles
Thousands of people lost electricity after a typhoon hit Australia.

scramble

v. to move somewhere quickly and desperately
The hikers scrambled down the side of the hill.

textile

n. cloth that has been woven or knitted
The blue textile was going to be used to make blouses.

boundary

n. the line where one area of land stops and another begins
This fence shows the boundary between our yard and yours.

bill

n. a statement of money owed for goods or for a service
I have so many bills that I do not know how to pay them all.

doomed

adj. going to fail or be destroyed
Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is doomed.

stance

n. an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly
My stance is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.