4000 Essential English Words 2e 4 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 26,27,28,29,30

voluntary

adj. it is done by choice but is not required
Many people attended the voluntary boat safety class.

intestines

n. tubes through which food passes after it leaves the stomach
Whatever you eat goes into your intestines.

epidemic

n. an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly
It was difficult to stop the flu epidemic.

administer

v. to take responsibility for organizing something
The teacher’s assistant will administer the test.

viable

adj. it is capable of doing what it is intended to do
Her method of solving the math problem seemed viable.

imperative

adj. extremely important and must be done
It was imperative for him to find a job.

emphasis

n. you give special attention to prevention
The government placed a strong emphasis on educational reform.

overcrowded

adj. it has too many people or things in it
The lobby was overcrowded with people.

hazard

n. something that could be dangerous to a person's health or safety
Smoking cigarettes poses many health hazards.

provision

n. the act of giving it to people in need or want
That department is responsible for the provision of emergency supplies.

reverse

v. to go backwards
We reversed out of the parking place and then drove away.

deficiency

n. a lack of something, especially something that is needed
Your snack has a deficiency of any real nutrients.

manifest

v. to make something visible or obvious
The joy of the holiday season manifested as bright smiles on the faces of the children.

sterile

adj. completely clean and free from germs
The hospital room looked quite sterile.

compassionate

adj. feel pity and sympathy for others
The compassionate nurse tried to make the sick man feel comfortable.

replenish

v. to make it full or complete again
We planted nearly one hundred seeds to replenish the garden after the fire.

contaminate

v. to put dirty or harmful chemicals into it
The lake was contaminated when pollutants entered the water.

practitioner

n. a doctor
She made an appointment with the practitioner to treat her cough.

upgrade

v. to improve it or make it more efficient.
He upgraded to a real fancy car.

adhere

v. to act in the way that a rule or agreement says is right
If the new employees wish to succeed, they must adhere to the boss’s rules.

Almighty

n. a name for a god in a religion
Before eating, they thanked the Almighty for their food.

ideology

n. a system of belief
Within the teachers’ ideology, there was a belief in the value of parent participation.

personalize

v. to design it to meet a person's unique needs
He personalized the woman’s exercises to give her a better workout.

seizure

n. a sudden condition in which the body loses control and shakes
Bright flashing lights can cause seizures in children.

airway

n. the passage by which air reaches a person's lungs
Since he was sick, mucus would occasionally get stuck in his airway.

found

v. to base it on that idea
This is founded on the belief that all people are created equal.

psychiatric

adj. then it is related to mental illness or its treatment
The doctor said the patient might have a psychiatric problem.

reflex

n. an unconscious action in which a body part responds to an event
There was a reflex when the doctor hit his knee with a rubber hammer.

utensil

n. a common tool or container
It seemed that a fork was the wrong utensil for trying to eat the soup.

inhale

v. to take air or a smell into the lungs
The camper inhaled the cool and fresh mountain air and felt relaxed.

invoke

v. to mention it to support an argument or ask for help
Before going into battle, the soldier invoked the name of his god for protection.

advent

n. the arrival or beginning of an important person, thing, or event
During the advent of radio, very few programs actually played music.

equate

v. to compare them and consider them very similar
She equated the man’s messy appearance with a lack of responsibility.

novelty

n. something that is new, original, or strange
Ice cream was a novelty for him since he rarely had any.

session

n. a meeting at a regular time in order to discuss and solve an issue
Every three months, the managers met in a session to discuss regional sales.

cycle

n. a series of events that go in a circle from the end back to the beginning again
They were caught in a cycle of poverty, lack of education, and unemployment.

definitive

adj. the most official
This library has the definitive collection of books on ancient Egypt.

lunar

adj. it is related to the moon
During a lunar eclipse, Earth’s shadow darkens the moon’s surface.

outmoded

adj. then it is no longer in fashion or use
Black and white television sets are outmoded.

psychiatry

n. the study and treatment of mental illness
Studying psychiatry has taught me a lot about mental illness.

item

n. a single separate piece
There were some items of clothing found at the crime scene.

omission

n. something that has been left out or not done
Mike was upset because of the omission of his name during the ceremony.

select

v. to carefully choose it
They had to select textbooks for each class.

concentric

adj. they have the same center
The target was a series of concentric circles.

cavity

n. a hole or space
I hope I do not have a cavity on my tooth.

discord

n. disagreement or fighting
There was much discord between the experts on the talk show.

assign

v. you give that work to particular people
I was assigned the job of making sure everyone had plenty to drink.

generate

v. to cause it to develop or begin
The mayor promised to generate new jobs and programs to help the poor.

clockwise

adv. it moves in a circle in the same direction as a clock.
Turn the screw clockwise to tighten it.

crisp

adj. it is hard or has a hard surface in a way that is pleasant
My favorite snack is a bag of crisp, delicious potato chips.

appetizing

adj. looks and smells very good
The appetizing plate of cookies was gone in half an hour.

wavy

adj. not straight
The child drew wavy lines all over the piece of paper.

courtesy

n. the excellence of manners or social conduct
Jenna always behaves with great courtesy when people visit her home.

multicultural

adj. many different cultures
Everyone was welcome to attend the multicultural celebration.

interchange

n. ideas between people is a discussion of each person's idea
There was an interchange of ideas between the groups.

allocate

v. to put it aside for a certain purpose or person
The government allocated $100 million to aid the disaster relief effort.

oversee

v. to make sure that it is being done properly
His job was to oversee the progress of the construction project.

pierce

v. to make a hole in it using a sharp object
The arrow pierced the target in the very center.

structure

n. the shape and organization of the parts of a building or group
There are big differences in family structure in different cultures.

visual

adj. relates to seeing
The visual displays were very attractive.

fume

n. unhealthy smoke and gases
The engine put unpleasant, black fumes into the air.

notwithstanding

prep. in spite of
Notwithstanding your objections, we have decided to move forward with the project.

patent

n. a right to be the only person allowed to make or sell a new product
He quickly established a patent for his brilliant invention.

penalize

v. to punish him or her
The team was penalized when they broke the rules.

output

n. the amount of something that a person or thing produces
The boss hired more workers to increase the factory’s output of products.

sector

n. a part of a country's economy in a specific type of industry
We learned about just a few of the factories within the manufacturing sector.

subscribe

v. to agree with it
She subscribed to the view that musical education should be kept in schools.

subsist

v. to have the food, water, and money needed to stay alive
Some people are forced to subsist on only a few dollars a month.

petroleum

n. a liquid natural resource from which many fuels are made
The petroleum at that factory is used to make gasoline.

conversion

n. the act of changing something into a different state or form
The city discussed the conversion of the parking lot into a skateboard park.

habitual

adj. it is a behavior that a person usually does
The man was a habitual liar who was incapable of being honest with anyone.

overpopulation

n. the state of having too many people in an area
The organization is concerned with the overpopulation of the world.

region

n. a large area of land usually based on some common feature
This is the wheat-growing region of the country.

suspend

v. to delay or stop it from happening for a while
The oil company suspended production until it was sure the factory was safe.

defer

v. to arrange for an action to happen at a later time
The girl was very sleepy, so she chose to defer her bath until morning.

scrap

n. a small amount of it
Chris liked to use many scraps of paper when thinking up ideas.

justify

n. to show or prove that it is necessary
The government tried to justify its decision to bring the country into a war.

cram

v. to put them into a place that can barely contain them
He crammed all of his shirts into the top drawer of the dresser.

export

v. to sell them to other countries
The United States exports many cereals and grains.

synthesis

n. a combination of different ideas or styles
The band’s music was a synthesis of many different musical genres.

advocacy

n. the act of supporting or recommending something
Janine’s strong advocacy for the event made people want to attend.

misguided

adj. it is based on bad judgment or wrong beliefs.
The snake bit Molly during her misguided attempt to catch it.

harmonize

v. to make different things go well together
The sweet and sour flavors of the dish harmonized well and tasted great.

technical

adj. skill requires good control of technique
Her technical skill was perfect.

rehearse

v. to practice and prepare for a performance in front of people
Vick’s band rehearsed all week before their first show.

Mandarin

n. one of the two main Chinese languages
Although John’s parents both spoke Mandarin, he could only speak English.

mimic

v. to copy the way it sounds, moves, looks, etc.
The hunter mimicked a duck’s call and shot the two ducks that called back.

statute

n. a law that is official and has been written down
The new statute made it illegal to walk dogs in the park.

villain

n. an evil person who breaks the law or hurts others
The villain made off with half of my family’s valuables.

vine

n. a plant that has long, twisting stems and climbs upward
The branches of the trees were covered with vines.

acrobat

n. a person who entertains people by doing amazing physical things
There were acrobats at the circus that did impressive and complicated jumps.

industrious

adj. they work hard
Dennis was very industrious, so he never had problems finding a job.

scorn

v. to behave without respect toward them
The criminal was scorned by everyone in the community.

fluid

adj. it is smooth and moves gracefully
Boris was a famous ballet dancer because people admired his fluid movements.

communal

adj. a group of people
On the weekends, Theo and his son picked up trash in the communal park.

inventive

adj. they are good at creating new things
The inventive student built a robot to help her with her chores.

resourceful

adj. having inner resources
Because he was very resourceful, he could make most of the things he needed rather than buying them.

sensory

adj. it is related to the senses
Iris and Eric preferred the sensory thrill of watching movies in the theater.

metropolitan

adj. it relates to a large city
After years of living on a farm, Rufu was finally moving to a metropolitan area.

veteran

n. someone who has a lot of experience doing something
Hank was the team veteran and had completed more races than anyone else.