4000 Essential English Words 2e 4 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 21,22,23,24,25

contradict

v. to state the opposite of what someone else has said
Ken was always fighting with his little sister because she kept contradicting him.

survive

n. it manages to continue to live in spite of difficult circumstances
She survived a heart attack.

ashore

adv. it goes from the water to the land
After a long day of fishing, Glen pulled his boat ashore, so it wouldn’t float away.

counterpart

n. something that is very similar to something else in what it does
Our manager will meet our rival company’s counterpart later today.

finally

adv. at the end of a series of events
We finally reached our destination.

plunge

v. to move down into something very quickly
The water in the pool was very cold, but the boy plunged in anyway.

theorize

v. to develop ideas about something
They enjoyed theorizing about how things worked.

embryo

n. a human or animal that is still growing inside its mother
Some doctors say that what a mother eats has a big effect on her embryo.

obstruct

v. to get in its way
The car broke down on the road and obstructed traffic for hours.

publicize

v. to make something get a lot of attention
The company publicized the job positions in the newspaper.

gazette

n. a newspaper
Alice wants to write for a gazette when she’s older.

individual

n. a single member of a group
Each individual is responsible for themselves.

prolong

v. to make something last for a longer time
Sandy walked slowly across the beach, trying to prolong her lunch break.

surplus

n. an extra amount of something
The store sold their surplus items on sale.

homogeneous

adj. it is made up of things which are all the same
All of the houses on Victor’s block were boring and homogenous.

major

adj. a very important event
There had been a major shift in government policy.

verify

v. to find out if something is true
Julian called the movie theater to verify that the movie started at nine.

vigorous

adj. they use a lot of energy
Henry uses vigorous exercise to keep himself in shape.

devoid

adj. devoid of a thing, they are missing it
The movie was devoid of any violence, so it was a perfect movie for the family.

diverge

v. to become different or to follow a different direction
The road diverged into two paths that led to our houses.

altar

n. a table used in churches
The altar had many lit candles on it.

arthritis

n. an illness causing pain and swelling in a person's joints
Agatha couldn’t play the piano anymore because of her arthritis.

hone

v. to improve it and make it very good
Lisa honed her chess skills through hours and hours of practice.

document

n. a written text, usually not in the form of a book
Please scan this document so we have an electronic copy.

deception

n. the act of lying or tricking someone
The magic looked very real, but it was only deception.

psychic

adj. they know what will happen or what people think
I think my grandmother has psychic abilities because she can predict anything.

dung

n. solid waste material produced by animals
There was cow dung all over the field.

strife

n. disagreement or fighting between people or groups
There was a lot of strife between Jim and Lisa about what TV show to watch.

botany

n. the study of plants
Gardens are the best places for botany.

deceased

adj. dead
We visited the graves of our deceased grandparents.

motive

n. your reason for doing something
We can show he had a motive to commit the crime, but we cannot show he did it.

sinister

adj. they are evil
Bad guys in most movies have sinister laughs.

scope

n. something is how many people or things it relates to
Modern history has a wide scope.

dusk

n. the time in the evening when it begins to get dark
After dusk, Hannah went to catch fireflies in the park.

gratify

v. to please them
Bonnie was gratified after receiving her gift from her parents.

interpret

v. to find its meaning
It is difficult to interpret while someone is speaking.

text

n. language used in communicating messages
Spoken text has many features which are different from written text.

pneumonia

n. a dangerous illness causing the lungs to fill with liquid
Elaine got pneumonia after playing outside in the rain without a coat.

psychotic

adj. they have a very serious mental illness
The psychotic patient believed he saw things that weren’t real.

credible

adj. they can be believed or trusted
Dick gave a credible reason for being late and didn’t get in any trouble.

magnify

n. to make it look bigger than it really is
Astronomers use telescopes to magnify faraway stars.

stun

v. to make them unable to speak due to surprise or shock
Tim fell off the swing and was too stunned to cry.

invalid

adj. not correct
The way to winning debates is to avoid invalid arguments.

ensure

v. to make sure it happens
Saving now will ensure we have enough money for our retirement.

minor

adj. a very small and unimportant problem
This is a minor problem.

paralysis

n. the loss of the ability to move all or part of your body
His paralysis meant that he had to use a wheelchair to get around.

elusive

adj. they are hard to find
The elusive fish only came out at night.

induce

v. to make it happen
Running without good shoes may induce leg pain.

pest

n. an animal or insect that hurts plants or food
Many farmers put up scarecrows to keep pests off their corn.

pursuit

n. you are chasing it
The pursuit of happiness is a basic human right.

deterioration

n. the act of becoming worse
The lack of care led to the deterioration of the house.

negligible

adj. it is extremely small and not important
The amount she owed was negligible. It was less than ten cents.

susceptible

adj. easily harmed by it
Not eating enough vegetables makes you more susceptible to getting sick.

mainstream

n. what is considered normal and accepted by most people
Before punk rock music became part of the mainstream, only a few people liked it.

microbe

n. a very small living thing
The first step in curing a disease is finding the microbe that causes it.

rupture

v. to tear or burst open
Sarah put too much water into the balloon, and it ruptured.

savage

adj. very violent or cruel
Wild animals are very savage when defending their babies.

artery

n. a tube that takes blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Eating healthily keeps your arteries clean so blood can flow with ease.

inseparable

adj. they can't be separated
Denise and Diana have been inseparable since they first met.

prevail

v. to be accepted or very common
Unfortunately, injustice still prevails in the country’s court system.

envious

adj. they want something that another person has
They were envious of their neighbor’s front yard.

dynamics

n. a situation are the way that parts of it affect each other
A good psychologist needs to know a lot about the dynamics of brain disorders.

civilian

n. someone who is not in the military
It was Todd’s job to keep civilians from entering the army facility.

indicate

v. we show or point out our thoughts or plans
They indicated that things would be likely to improve soon.

lentil

n. very small beans that people cook and eat
Danni made her special soup with lentils when her husband was sick.

prophecy

n. a prediction about what will happen in the future
Some people believe that prophecies are actually true.

advocate

v. a plan or idea is to support or suggest it in public.
The group advocated increased spending on education and schools.

authorize

v. to give permission for it
The mayor authorized the construction of a new statue in the park.

enroll

v. to put one's name on a list as a member of a group
The students had to enroll in the class one semester in advance.

festive

adj. it is happy and related to a party or celebration
Dean’s favorite part of Christmas is the festive clothing that people wear.

albeit

conj. although
She was happy, albeit briefly.

conquest

n. an event by which one country takes over another country
After the conquest, the people of the small city had no freedom.

disclose

v. to tell it to someone else
John came home late, so he had to disclose his activities to his wife.

mood

n. the way you are feeling
My boss is in a really bad mood today.

senate

n. a part of the government in some countries
Everybody liked Caroline and chose her to speak for them in the senate.

commodity

n. something that can be bought or sold
Fran’s uncle made most of his money trading commodities.

communicate

v. to talk or write to them
He was unable to communicate his feelings clearly.

marshal

v. to assemble them in order
The students were marshaled outside and put into groups.

morale

n. the amount of hope that people have during a difficult situation
To improve our family’s morale, mom suggested going on a picnic.

unrest

n. a state of anger about something among the people in a place
High taxes caused much of the unrest that led to the Revolutionary War.

certify

n. to confirm that its results are true
The photograph on her passport certified that she was indeed Jolene Sawyer.

curb

n. to prevent it from happening or increasing
She curbed her anger by listening to a relaxing song.

vow

v. to make a promise to do something
Before they are allowed to work, all senators must vow to never accept bribes.

enact

v. to make it into a law
The council enacted a law that would only allow buses to drive downtown.

gross

adj. disgusting
The food was so gross that the dog couldn’t eat it without feeling sick.

needy

adj. very poor
After he lost his job, he became very needy.

coherent

adj. sticking together
This was a coherent program for solving the flooding problem.

smallpox

n. a disease that causes tiny bumps on the skin and high fevers
When she saw the tiny bumps, she thought her son might have smallpox.

transmit

v. to pass it from one person or place to another
The radio tower transmits a signal to all the radios in a 20-kilometer radius.

diagnose

v. to identify the medical condition they have
Several of the children were diagnosed with the flu.

render

v. to make it become something else
His report was rendered unimportant by the release of new information.

collaborate

v. to work together on something
When they collaborated, they managed to finish their chores early.

federation

n. a group of states or businesses working for a common cause
The United Nations is a federation designed to prevent war, disease, and famine.

onset

n. something unpleasant is the beginning of it
At the onset of the battle, the enemy wasn’t prepared for such a large attack.

pledge

n. to make a promise to do something
Her mother pledged that she would find her daughter’s lost kitten.

prohibit

v. to not allow it
She prohibited the students from speaking until their work was done.

transform

v. to change it in a very significant way
The education system has been completely transformed.

humane

adj. good and kind
Helping build homes for poor people is very humane.

compile

v. to collect a variety of them into a group
She compiled a list of people who she wanted to attend her birthday party.

widespread

adj. spread widely across the world
It is a widespread belief that colds are caused by cold weather.