4000 Essential English Words 2e 3 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

DNA

n. the short form of deoxyribonucleic acid
The police sometimes use DNA to solve crime.

cigarette

n. a thinly wrapped paper tube filled with tobacco that is smoked
Cigarette smoking is terrible for your health.

extensive

adj. large in size or amount
The game drew extensive media coverage.

female

adj. women or girls
She is the only female student in her class with short hair.

gene

n. controls what it looks like, how an organism grows, and how it develops
Gene therapy is sometimes used to treat an illness.

male

adj. men or boys
He was the only male in the store.

population

n. all the people living in an area
The population of our city is steadily growing.

result

n. happens because of something else
The result of her experiment was surprising.

attack

v. to hurt or damage it
She watched the lizard attack its prey.

inherit

v. to receive something that is passed down from a relative
All the girls in my family inherit red hair from my great-grandmother.

breast

n. one of the two soft parts on a woman's chest
She was diagnosed with breast cancer.

cell

n. the smallest part of a living thing that can live by itself
A red blood cell carries oxygen.

code

n. a set of symbols used to hide or read a message
She used the code to solve the puzzle.

cancerous

adj. cells are the result of cancer
The exam found cancerous cells in the patient’s blood.

furthermore

adv. more information will be added
She’s clever, and furthermore, she is not afraid of work.

cure

n. a medical treatment to make a sickness go away
Scientists are still working on finding a cure for diabetes.

sugar

n. used to make food taste sweet
She added extra sugar to her tea.

cancer

n. a serious disease that causes cells to grow abnormally
He was a leading scientist in finding a cure for cancer.

destruction

n. to cause its destruction
The wildfires left the forest in a state of destruction.

link

n. a connection to something else
The two lines in the poem share a common link.

informal

adj. casual and relaxed, not official
They had an informal meeting to talk about their experiences.

circus

n. a traveling show with animals and people
I like to go to the circus to see the animals do tricks.

extent

n. how large, important, or serious it is
He ate to such an extent that he became overweight.

peer

n. To peer at something is to watch it carefully.
She peered at people through the window.

tempt

n. to offer them something they want but shouldn't have
I wasn’t hungry, but she tempted me with a piece of my favorite cake.

accommodate

v. to have enough room
The meeting room can accommodate nine people.

headline

n. the title of a newspaper story
The headline on the front page was about the economy.

coincide

v. to happen at the same time
My birthday coincides with Christmas.

ranch

n. a large farm where animals are kept
My uncle has many horses on his ranch.

stripe

n. a thick line
The flag of the United States has red and white stripes.

tame

adj. not afraid to be near people
The tame bird rested in his hand.

portrait

n. a painting or photograph of someone
I saw many religious portraits when I went to the museum.

pose

v. to stay in one place without moving
The kids and their dog posed for a picture.

inquire

v. to ask about it
Dad called to inquire about the price of tickets for the show.

steer

v. to control where it goes
He steered the go-cart around the track.

gender

n. a category that describes being either a boy or a girl
Do you know the gender of her new baby?

commission

v. to pay that person to do some job
The artist was commissioned to create a picture.

dose

n. a certain amount of medicine taken at one time
My mother gave me a dose of medicine before I went to bed.

dye

n. to make it a certain color by using a special chemical
Valery got her hair dyed at the salon yesterday.

messenger

n. one who carries information from one place to another
The messenger delivered an important document to the office.

cautious

adj. careful to avoid danger
Be very cautious as you stack those boxes.

confess

v. to admit a bad or embarrassing truth
The woman confessed that she had stolen the money.

gamble

v. to play a game that involves winning or losing money
Many people like to go to casinos to gamble.

shave

v. to cut the hairs on one's face with a sharp tool
My father shaves his face every day because he doesn’t want a beard.

desperate

adj. person will try anything to do or change something
I’m desperate to find a new job.

purse

n. a bag in which women keep money, makeup, keys, etc.
My sister likes to buy designer purses.

cottage

n. a small, old house in the countryside
My aunt lives in a pretty cottage in the mountains.

lawn

n. an area covered in grass
My dad keeps the lawn in front of our house very neat.

outlaw

n. a criminal who hides from the police
The police passed out posters of the outlaw to all the people.

seldom

adv. n action doesn't happen very often
It seldom rains in southern Arizona.

ban

v. to not let people do it
Smoking is banned in this building.

mow

n. to cut it to make it short
I mow our lawn every weekend.

exhausting

adj. very tiring
After an exhausting journey, we finally arrived.

fade

v. to become quieter or less bright
The piece of cloth I found was old and faded.

terrified

adj. extremely scared
When I saw the ghost, I was absolutely terrified!

wizard

n. a man who can do magic
The wizard made gold fall from the sky.

prospect

n. a possibility that something will happen
He wakes up every morning with the prospect of having a good day.

fierce

adj. angry or violent
Wolves are fierce animals. Do not disturb them.

rod

n. a thin stick made of wood or metal
I bought a new fishing rod to use while on vacation.

daytime

n. the time of the day when the sky is light
The kids are only allowed to play outside in the daytime.

sleepless

adj. a time period in which someone does not sleep
Jill had a sleepless night because she had so much on her mind.

audience

n. a group of people who gather to watch someone do something
He was excited to be part of the audience.

airline

n. a company that takes people to different places by plane
The airline has excellent customer service.

currency

n. the type of money used in that country
The currency in China is different from that in Australia.

jet

n. a fast plane with a big engine
Her company owns a private jet.

volume

n. the total amount of something
The volume of cars in the parking lot was steadily increasing.

income

n. the money you earned from work
She was saving her income to buy a house.

maximum

adj. the highest amount of anything allowed
The maximum driving speed here is 80 km/h.

abroad

adv. done in a different country
My friend is going on a summer trip abroad.

domestic

adj. something that happens within a particular country
The airline has fifty domestic flights daily.

refer

v. to mention or call attention to it
Mr. Cid referred to the time to show Bill that he was late for class.

bargain

n. a very good price paid for a product
She was looking forward to getting a good bargain at the supermarket.

draft

n. a piece of written work that is not in its final form
He was writing his first draft.

remote

adj. distant or far away
He lived in a remote village in the Himalayas.

hobby

n. a fun and creative activity people do in their free time
She liked to paint as a hobby.

official

adj. approved by someone in authority
Her official degree was being transferred.

data

n. a collection of information and facts
He saved all the data on his computer.

gather

v. to form a group or bring together
We will gather the children before the meeting.

brief

adj. lasts a short time
The lawyers took a brief break.

recommend

v. to give advice based on experience
His doctor will recommend the best medicine for her cough.

dynasty

n. a series of rulers who are all from the same family
The ancient Egyptians had a dynasty that lasted for many years.

circulate

v. to spread something around, especially in a circular way
The fan helped to circulate cool air through the room.

frost

n. a white layer of ice that forms during very cold weather
In the morning, the trees were all covered with frost.

polar

adj. the cold places on Earth's north and south ends
Only a few people live in the Earth’s northern polar region.

navy

n. the part of a country's military that fights at sea
My country is known for our strong navy.

merit

n. a positive or good quality
The actor received an award for his merits in the movie.

suicide

n. the act of killing oneself
Some people feel so sad that they think suicide is the only answer.

illusion

n. something that looks real, but doesn't actually exist
Some pictures create an illusion for the eyes.

marine

adj. something related to the sea
A healthy ocean is full of marine animals.

invade

v. to take over a place by force
The enemy forces tried to invade our country from the sky.

drown

v. to die because one has been under water
My sister almost drowned in the lake today.

derive

v. to come, or originate, from a thing or place
Red’s nickname was derived from the color of her hair.

tremble

v. to shake as a result of excitement or cold weather
Harry was not used to the cold, so he trembled most of the day.

ray

n. a line of light that comes from a bright object
The sun’s warm rays covered the beach.

fraction

n. a small part of something
Only a fraction of the cake was gone.

lieutenant

n. a rank in the military or police, or a person with that rank
The lieutenant was a good leader, and his soldiers respected him.

resign

v. to quit a job
After I officially resigned from work, I said goodbye to my boss.

underlying

adj. a hidden cause or reason
Her underlying fear of flying reduced her traveling options.

via

prep. introduces a route or means of travel
We arrived in the city from the airport via the train.

consequent

adj. happening because of a different situation
Her consequent rash came after she touched the poisonous plant.

envy

v. to wish that you had something that other person has
Sally envied the happy couple.

curve

v. to move in a line that bends and does not go straight
The road curves to the left and to the right.

embrace

v. to hug
When they saw each other again, the happy couple embraced.

autumn

n. the season of the year between summer and winter
I love when the leaves fall in autumn because I can play in them.

collapse

v. to fall down suddenly
The tree collapsed right in front of our house.

wire

n. a thin string made out of metal
The wires were connected to towers that brought electricity to the city.

flour

n. a powder that is used to make foods like bread
I wanted to bake a pie, but I needed flour.

jealous

adj. a root of a plant that is used to make food spicy and sweet
Miriam was jealous because Sue was paying too much attention to Jim.

wipe

v. to slide a piece of cloth over it to clean it
She wiped the dust from the windows.

aside

adv. done toward the side of something or someplace
The man stood aside and opened the door for me.

ginger

n. n. a spicy root often used in cooking and medicines
Ginger is a common ingredient in many dishes from India.

paste

n. a thick and smooth substance
My son needed some paste for a school project.

receipt

n. a paper that proves that something was received or bought
After looking at my receipt, I realized that I had spent too much money.

alter

n. to change it
I altered the color of my nails to match my hair.

disgusting

adj. very unpleasant.
After running all day, Greg’s feet had a disgusting odor.

fireworks

n. objects that create colored lights when they are lit
The display of fireworks was so beautiful.

fuse

n. a string on fireworks that burns to make them explode
The boy lit the fuse on the rocket and waited for it to burst in the sky.

blend

v. to mix two or more things together
My wife blended together all of the ingredients to make a delicious stew.

crush

v. to press it together so its shape is destroyed
Selena’s new car was crushed when the tree fell on top of it.

drain

v. a pipe that carries away water from a building, such as in a kitchen.
The water in the sink goes down the drain as you wash your hands.

noble

n. a rich and powerful person
The Queen invited a noble from a nearby country to dinner.

blonde

n. a person with light-colored hair
My cousin is a blonde with blue eyes.

heritage

n. the collection of features of a society, such as language and religion
Teepees are part of the heritage of the Native Americans of the plains.

rumor

n. a story that may not be true
Carla was spreading rumors around the office.

stack

n. a pile of different things
There was a stack of paperwork on his desk to complete.

insult

v. to say things that will hurt the person's feelings
The girls insulted each other all afternoon.

meanwhile

adv. happens at the same time as another action
He wants to be a doctor in the future, but meanwhile, he works a regular job.

precious

adj. valuable and important
In a desert, water can be more precious than money.

prejudice

n. an unfair opinion about people based on the group they belong to
The company’s rules against gender prejudice must be enforced.

acknowledge

v. to accept that it is true or that it exists
The teacher acknowledged that the young student was hungry.

spectacle

n. an amazing sight
Niagara Falls is quite a spectacle.

exaggerate

v. to say that something is bigger or better than it really is
Jimmy wasn’t exaggerating about the seriousness of his injury.

vase

n. an attractive container in which people keep flowers
The vase was filled with such lovely flowers.

ambassador

n. a government worker who works in another country
The ambassador from Korea was in charge of the conference.

drag

v. to pull it across the ground
The dog was dragging his owner down the street.

necklace

n. a piece of jewelry that people wear around their necks
Joyce received a lovely pearl necklace for her wedding anniversary.

suspicious

adj. does not trust others, or is not trusted by others
Dad was suspicious of the caller on the line.

tin

n. an inexpensive metal
Soup is a food that is often sold in tin cans.

conquer

v. to attack and take control of it
The soldiers were trying to conquer the world.

sin

n. something that is wrong for religious reasons
Taking something that doesn’t belong to you is a sin.

chemist

n. a scientist who works with chemicals
My mother is a successful chemist who helps invent new products.

suburb

n. a small part of a large city
I grew up in the suburbs, only a few minutes outside of the city.

congress

n. a group of leaders in a government
Congress makes laws for people to follow.

descend

v. to go down
I descended the stairs to get out of the building.

grocer

n. a person who sells food
Our grocer, Mr. Smith, is a very kind man.

ache

v. to hurt, or cause pain
Mindy’s head ached because she bumped it against the wall.

institution

n. an organization that works to help a city or group of people
Banks are vital institutions that businesses and people use every day.

dairy

adj. something is made from milk
Things like milk and cheese are dairy foods.

chill

n. a feeling of cold
The chill from the cold wind made Bill shiver.

jog

n. to run slowly
He jogs every day so he can be healthier.

hesitate

v. to wait for a short time before doing something
He hesitated for a moment before he decided which one to choose.

merchant

n. a person who sells things
The merchant was selling used cars.

stubborn

adj. don't change their minds easily
Both of my parents are stubborn. They never give in to each other.

canal

n. a path for water to travel through
The city of Venice, Italy, has many canals.

poke

v. to push something quickly with your finger or a pointed object
I poked my finger on a thumb tack.

splash

v. to crash into something so that liquid spreads out
Some green paint splashed upon the floor.

postpone

v. to make it happen later than planned
They postponed the meeting until Elena arrived.

tide

n. the level of the water in the sea
The tide continued to crawl upon the beach little by little.

arctic

adj. something is of or from the cold, far-north part of the Earth
It is cold when the arctic winds blow.

tragedy

n. a very sad event
It was a tragedy when his house was struck by lightning and burned.

cope

v. To to cope with a difficult or stressful situation means to deal with it
He copes with work stress by exercising three or four times a week.

glance

v. to look at it quickly
She glanced behind her to see if he was looking at her.

bomb

n. an object that explodes and destroys large areas
The bomb will destroy anything that is nearby.

license

n. an official document that gives one permission to do something
In the United States, you need a driver’s license to drive legally.

microscope

n. a tool for making very small objects look large
A scientist uses a microscope to look at bacteria.

gaze

v. To gaze at something means to look at it for a long time.
We used a telescope to gaze at the stars for over an hour.

portray

v. to describe it or show it in a picture
Her picture portrayed the house she grew up in when she was little.

souvenir

n. something bought to remember of a place or event
I bought a Russian doll as a souvenir on my trip to Moscow.

trace

v. to follow over it with the eyes or a finger
He traced over the graph with his finger.

devastate

v. to cause great damage or pain to that thing
The entire wall was devastated.

submarine

n. a boat that can go underwater for long periods of time
The submarine dove under the sea so the enemy couldn’t see it.

rotate

v. to turn it around in a circle
An airplane’s propellers rotate quickly to help it fly.

criticism

n. the act of saying that something is not correct or good
She had a lot of criticism about their new plan.

groom

n. a man who is going to be married
The groom looked happy as he walked with his new wife.

nuclear

adj. relates to the division or joining of atoms
Nuclear power plants provide inexpensive energy to cities.

frown

v. to make an unhappy look with one's face
Melissa frowned when she found out that the party had been cancelled.

certificate

n. a document that says that something is true or happened
I was given a certificate for completing the computer course.

coffin

n. a box used to bury dead people
When people pass away, they are usually buried inside of a coffin.

circumstance

n. an event that makes a situation what it is
There were many circumstances behind their success, like hard work.

grief

n. the feeling of deep sadness, usually when a person dies
The grief caused by losing her parents was very difficult for her.

fracture

n. a crack or break in something
Don’t stand on that leg because there is a fracture. It might get worse.

thrust

v. to push or move something quickly with a lot of force
The boxer thrust his fist into the punching bag.

insight

n. a deep and accurate understanding of something
The physics textbook gave the student a new insight about gravity.

headache

n. a pain in one's head
My sister gets a headache every time she has a lot of stress.

shoulder

n. the body part between the top of the arm and the neck
He carried his bike on his shoulder.

coastline

n. the outline of a country's coast
He noticed that most of the cities in Australia are on the coastline.

deter

v. to prevent or discourage someone from doing something
Icy roads deter people from driving their cars.

implement

v. to ensure that what has been planned is done
The school decided to implement a new teaching strategy.

might

n. strength or power
Try with all your might to lift the heavy tire.

limb

n. a large branch on a tree
The monkey sat on the tree limb and enjoyed a piece of fruit.

shove

v. to push it with a lot of power
She shoved him out of the way.

distance

n. how far it is between two points
The distance between America and Russia is about 8,000 km.

ridge

n. a long, narrow piece of raised land
The brown bear walked along the edge of the mountain ridge.

expertise

n. the knowledge and skills to do something well
John has a lot of advertising expertise. He can sell anything!

raft

n. a flat kind of boat
He sailed across the Pacific Ocean on a raft.

spouse

n. the person to whom someone is married
I live in a home with my spouse and our two children.

tolerate

n. to be able to accept it even when it is unpleasant
When you are in a hurry, it can be hard to tolerate traffic signals.

optimism

n. the state of being hopeful about the future
The mother had optimism about her children’s futures.

proficient

adj. able to do something well
Secretaries are proficient at typing quickly.

devise

v. to come up with an idea or plan about it
The thieves devised a plan to steal the diamonds.