4000 Essential English Words 2e 2 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

underground

adv. below the surface of the Earth
Subway trains travel underground.

stretch

v. to make your arms or legs reach out
She stretched her body before exercising.

permission

n. the act of allowing some action
I have permission to drive my mom’s car.

raw

adj. natural and not processed
The company dumped raw sewage into the river.

astronaut

n. a person who goes into outer space
The astronaut was walking on the moon.

scale

n. its size, especially when it is very large
I was surprised by the scale of the buildings in the downtown area.

telescope

n. a tool people use to look at the stars
With a telescope, you can see the moon and stars easily.

jewel

n. a beautiful stone that is worth a lot of money
A diamond is one of the most expensive jewels in the world.

miner

n. a person who works in a mine
The miner was looking for gold.

mineral

n. a type of substance found in the Earth
Rocks are made up of different kinds of minerals.

pour

n. to make something come out of a container
I poured some milk into my sister’s cup.

satellite

n. a machine sent into space to get information
The satellite was traveling around the Earth.

skip

v. to not do it
He skipped work to get more sleep.

float

v. to move on top of water without sinking
The boy’s toy boat floated in the pool.

participate

v. to be active and do something
The students participated in the school play.

gravity

n. the force that makes things fall to Earth
There is no gravity in space.

accident

n. unexpected thing that may cause some trouble
He damaged the car in an accident.

grant

n. to allow someone to have it
The teacher granted us a break after studying hard all day.

awake

adj. who is awake is not asleep
Sometimes, I lay awake in bed because I am not tired.

courage

n. the feeling of not being afraid
The man had the courage to touch the lion.

resume

n. to start it again after taking a break
I put the newspaper down to eat breakfast. Then, I resumed reading.

award

n. a prize for doing something well
He got an award for having the best grades in class.

rob

n. to take property by using force
A thief has robbed me of my passport.

convict

n. to prove that someone did a bad thing
He was convicted of the crime and sent to jail.

stable

adj. not move, change, or fall over
The chair is stable. Its legs are strong.

arrest

n. to catch that person for doing something bad
The man was arrested for breaking the law.

yard

n. the ground just outside of a house
The girls jumped rope in the yard.

journalist

n. a person who writes news stories
The journalist took notes for a story he was writing.

tissue

n. a soft piece of paper people use to wipe their noses
There was a box of tissue on the table.

qualify

n. to have or do things that are needed for something
He qualified to go to the final match by beating the opponent.

garage

n. the part of a house where people put their cars
My car does not get dirty because I keep it in the garage.

somewhat

adv. to some degree, but not to a large degree
James was somewhat upset when he had to move heavy boxes.

bucket

n. a round container to put things in
I filled the bucket with water.

festival

n. an event that is held to celebrate a particular thing
I heard the song at the music festival in London.

alarm

n. warns people of danger
When the students heard the fire alarm, they left the building.

contest

n. a game or a race
The girls had a contest to see who could jump higher.

repair

n. to fix it
I repaired the flat tire on my car.

slip

n. to slide and fall down
The man slipped on the wet floor.

breed

n. a group of animals within a species
I like small dog breeds, such as terriers.

pup

n. a young dog
All the girl wanted for her birthday was a pup.

day

n. a period of twenty-four hours, beginning at midnight
There are two more days until the weekend.

surprise

n. to cause something that is unexpected
His parents decided to surprise him with a puppy.

experience

n. to do or see something or have something happen to you
Going to the concert was the best thing I’ve ever experienced.

hour

n. sixty minutes
The man waited for the train for over an hour.

short

adj. not long or not tall
The days are short in the winter.

taxi

n. a car and driver that you pay to take you somewhere
Gary drives a taxi, so he knows the roads very well.

plan

v. to think about and arrange the details of something you want to do
It’s Sam’s turn to plan the company party.

light

n. a form of energy or brightness that makes it possible to see something
I will turn on the light so that you can see.

hotel

n. a place where people stay overnight when they are traveling
This family is staying at their favorite hotel.

shop

n. to visit places where goods are sold in order to look at and buy things
Tom decided to shop for groceries on his way home.

best

adj. better than all the others
I got the best score on the math test.

crowd

n. a large group of people who are together in one place
The crowd waved to the camera.

easy

adj. not difficult to do
Karen is happy because her English homework is easy.

dish

n. a type of food that is cooked in a particular way
My favorite dish at the restaurant is chicken curry.

market

n. a place where people buy and sell products
I go to the market every weekend to buy vegetables.

system

n. a group of related parts that move or work together
This device controls the building’s heating system.

station

n. a place where buses and trains stop
This man is waiting at the train station.

card

n. a small piece of plastic or paper used to buy or use things
Adam used his library card to borrow a book.

price

n. the amount of money needed to pay for something
Julie is checking the price of a sweater.

two

adj. the word for the number 2
Two friends study together at the coffee shop.

chew

n. to break up food by using the mouth and teeth
I always chew my food carefully before swallowing it.

soul

n. a person's spirit
Some people believe that the soul lives after the body dies.

fantastic

adj. really good
The student did a fantastic job on his project and got an award.

marvel

v. to feel surprise and interest in it.
We marveled at her excellent piano playing.

value

n. what it is worth
Your love for me has greater value than gold.

tough

adj. difficult
The man passed his driving test even though it was very tough.

journal

n. a type of magazine that deals with an academic subject
Mi-young was busy working on an article for an art journal.

surgery

n. medical treatment involving a doctor cutting into a body
I needed surgery to repair my leg after the accident.

flag

n. a piece of colored cloth that represents something
Our country has a beautiful flag.

recall

n. to remember it
She was trying to recall what she had told her friend.

tube

n. a pipe through which water or air passes
The pile of tubes was going to be put in the ground.

bath

n. the act of sitting in a tub of water in order to get clean
After playing in the dirt, the boy took a bath.

bend

v. to move something so it is not straight
Lee bent over and picked up the paper on the ground.

fiction

n. a story that is not true
I enjoy reading works of fiction because they are very entertaining.

disabled

adj. a physical problem that makes some activities difficult
The disabled man used a wheelchair to move around.

regret

n. to wish that it hadn't happened
I regret that I was mean to my sister.

overcome

n. a problem is to successfully fix it
She overcame her shyness and spoke in front of the class.

inspect

n. to look at something carefully
The mechanic inspected our car to see if it had any problems.

sufficient

adj. something is enough, in quality or quantity
After eating a sufficient amount of food, I left the table.

liquid

n. a substance that is neither solid nor gas
Water is the most important liquid for life.

ugly

adj. not good to look at
It was an ugly sight.

status

n. the position of something or someone in relation to others
She had achieved the status of being the smartest girl in the class.

atom

n. the smallest unit of a substance
A molecule consists of a combination of two or more atoms.

despair

n. the feeling of having no hope
After we lost the big account, our salespeople were filled with despair.

gloom

n. a state of almost complete darkness or sadness
In the gloom of the morning, it was difficult to see the boat on the lake.

fragment

n. a small part of something
After the light broke, there were fragments of glass to clean up.

breadth

n. the distance from one side to the other side of something
The breadth of the northern wall of the house is twenty meters.

roam

n. to move around without a plan or purpose
All day, the cows roamed around the field eating grass.

solitary

adj. lonely or only
The only thing in the room was a solitary chair.

large

adj. very big
I was frightened by a large bird.

spectrum

n. the full range of color ranging from red to violet
You can see the entire spectrum in a rainbow.

galaxy

n. an extremely large collection of star systems
Our solar system is located in the outer area of our galaxy.

moon

n. an object that travels around our Earth
The moon looks beautiful tonight.

form

n. to make or to shape something
They formed a new government.

radiate

n. to send out energy or heat
The heat from the fireplace radiated throughout the room.

cover

n. to put things over it
The Earth was covered with clouds.

beautiful

adj. good to look at
There was a beautiful sunset.

comet

n. an object in space made of ice and rock with a tail of glowing dust
Comets take many decades to complete an orbit around a star.

sphere

n. a three-dimensional round shape, like a ball
The balloons were inflated into a variety of colorful spheres.

star

n. a bright shining thing in the night sky
The stars come out at night.

adjust

n. to change it so it is better
He adjusted the old guitar to make it sound better.

reef

n. a group of rocks or coral in the ocean
He walked along the reef and looked at the water below.

coral

n. the hard, colorful material formed by the shells of animals
The diver admired the beautiful coral under the water.

crash

v. to hit and break something
There was a loud noise when the car crashed into the tree.

strict

adj. makes sure others follow rules
The teacher is strict. She does not let students talk in class.

firm

adj. solid but not too hard
He sleeps better on a firm bed.

fuel

n. something that creates heat or energy
Wood is the fuel that burns to make heat in this fire.

hurricane

n. a bad storm that happens over the ocean
The wind from the hurricane bent the palm tree.

grand

adj. big and liked by people
The grand mountain rose high into the sky.

loss

n. the act or instance of losing something
I suffered a big loss while I was gambling.

cotton

n. a cloth made from the fibers of the cotton plant
I like to wear clothes made from cotton in the summer.

deck

n. a wooden floor built outside of a house or the floor of a ship
A ship will store many supplies below its deck.

shut

n. to close it tightly
Please shut the door; the air outside is cold.

zone

n. an area that has different qualities from the ones around it
Firefighters often work in danger zones.

plain

adj. simple and not decorated
He bought a pair of plain white shoes over the weekend.

engage

n. do it
Dad was engaged in sawing a piece of wood in half.

accuse

n. to blame them for doing it
She accused her brother of breaking her computer.

surf

n. to use a special board to ride on waves in the ocean
The students went to the beach to surf during their vacation.

amuse

n. to do something that is funny or entertaining
The singer was very good. She amused the crowd.

task

n. a piece of work to be done that is usually difficult
My task for the weekend was to clean the entire back yard.

apology

n. what people say to show that they are sorry
After arguing with her teacher, the girl wrote the teacher an apology.

ordinary

adj. normal, or not special in any way
Today was just an ordinary day. Nothing unusual happened.

expose

n. to make known something that is hidden
He took off his shirt to expose his costume.

preserve

n. to protect something from harm
Dad sprayed a chemical on the house to help preserve the walls.

tobacco

n. a plant whose leaves are smoked, such as in cigarettes
The tobacco in cigarettes is bad for you.

language

n. a system of communication
The reporter spoke a language Sally had never heard before.

twin

n. two children born at the same time
My sister and I are twins. We look exactly the same.

duke

n. a man of high social rank but below a king or queen
The duke ruled over the land.

innocent

adj. not guilty of a crime
The judge said that the woman was innocent of the crime.

minister

n. an important person in government with many duties
The minister of education controls the country’s schools.

bold

adj. not afraid of doing something
The bold man climbed the high mountain.

capture

n. to catch and hold it
James tried to capture the bubbles in his hands.

hire

n. to pay that person money to work for you
We hired a man to paint our house.

guilty

adj. To feel bad for something one did
I felt guilty for taking my sister’s cookies.

pronounce

v. to say the sounds of letters or words
Young children often have trouble pronouncing words right.

witch

n. a woman with magical powers
People think that witches fly around on broomsticks.

resemble

n. to look like that person
The baby really resembles his father.

symptom

n. a sign that it is happening
Sneezing and a high fever are symptoms of the common cold.

bug

n. a small insect
Birds like eating bugs.

permanent

adj. a long time or forever
We don’t know if Aunt Mildred’s visit will be a permanent one.

dare

n. to be brave enough to try something
He dared to jump out of the airplane and skydive.

virtual

adj. very close to being true or accurate
Because he’s popular, Joe is the virtual leader of the group.

whisper

n. to say very quietly
We have to whisper in the library so people can focus on reading.

inn

n. a place where travelers can rest and eat
The visitor got a room at the inn.

pot

n. a deep, round metal container used for cooking
Don’t touch the pot on the stove. It’s hot.

bare

adj. plain and not covered
He likes to walk around in his bare feet.

bridge

n. something that is built over a river so people can cross it
The old bridge fell into the river.

cast

n. to throw it
The fisherman cast his line into the water.

philosophy

n. a way to think about truth and life
My philosophy is “live and let live.”

weigh

n. to measure how heavy it is
The little dog weighed exactly 3 kilograms.

net

n. a bag made of strong thread. It is used to catch animals
The boy caught butterflies in his net.

sort

n. a type of it
What sort of instrument do you want to learn to play?

tight

adj. hard to move something because it is firmly in place
The knots were too tight to untie.

subtract

n. to take something away
We learned how to subtract numbers in class.

seed

n. the hard part of a plant or fruit that trees grow from
I planted the seed in the dirt, hoping that it would grow into a tree.

branch

n. the part of a tree with leaves
The monkey was hanging from a branch on the tree.

electronic

adj. electricity to work
I like having electronic devices such as an MP3 player.

sharp

adj. a thin edge that cuts things easily
That knife is very sharp. Be careful not to hurt yourself.

breath

n. the air that goes into and out of one's lungs
You can’t take a breath under water.

accompany

v. to join them or go with them
My brothers accompanied me to the movie.

abstract

adj. an idea or thought, not a physical thing
The idea of beauty is abstract and changes over time.

obtain

n. to get something you want or need
After I passed the test, I obtained my driver’s license.

cloth

n. material used to make clothes
His shirt is made of a very soft type of cloth.

clay

n. a type of heavy, wet soil used to make pots
She made a bowl out of the clay.

ideal

adj. the best that it can possibly be
This house is an ideal place for my family. It has everything we need.

religious

adj. related to or about religion
The holy man spoke about religious topics.

romantic

adj. related to or about love
The young couple went to see a romantic movie.

feather

n. the things covering a bird's bodies
That bird has orange feathers on its chest.

intelligence

n. the ability to learn and understand things
Because of his high intelligence, he finished school early.

deserve

n. to be worthy of something as a result of one's actions
The dog deserved a bone for behaving very well.

annual

adj. once a year
The only time I see my aunts and uncles is at our annual family picnic.

shore

n. the edge of a large body of water
All of the boats were floating near the shore.

wooden

adj. made of wood
My mother gave me a wooden spoon.

curtain

n. a cloth hung over a window or used to divide a room
She opened the curtains to let light into the room.

fertile

adj. to produce good crops and plants
The farmer grew many vegetables in the fertile soil.

flood

n. an event in which water covers an area that is usually dry
After three days of rain, there was a flood in the city.

shell

n. a hard covering that protects the body of some sea creatures
There were many pretty shells on the beach.

wheel

n. a round thing on a vehicle that turns when it moves
A car has four wheels.

furniture

n. the things used in a house such as tables and chairs
His living room only had a few simple pieces of furniture.

grave

n. the place where a dead person is buried
We visit our grandfather’s grave each year.

cupboard

n. a piece of furniture that is used to store food or household items
We put all of our dishes and food in the cupboards.

caterpillar

n. a small insect that looks like a worm and eats plants
After eating a lot of leaves, caterpillars change into butterflies.

delicate

adj. easy to break or harm
You should hold the baby carefully because she’s very delicate.

hole

n. a hollow space in something solid
They made a big hole in the wall.

hop

n. to jump a short distance
The kangaroo quickly hopped away from danger.

strip

n. a long, narrow piece of material or land
He had long strips of film that held images of his trip abroad.

emerge

n. to come out of it
A groundhog emerged from a snow covered hole.

handicap

n. a condition that limits someone's mental or physical abilities
Joe has a slight handicap, so he uses a walker to get around.

laundry

n. clothes that have been or need to be washed
He folded the clean laundry and put the dirty laundry in a basket.

basin

n. a large bowl for washing things
She filled the basin with water and washed her face.

pursue

n. to chase or follow someone or something
The mother pursued her young child down the hill.

broom

n. a brush with a long handle used for cleaning floors
My father usually uses a broom to sweep away dust in the basement.

stain

n. a dirty mark that is difficult to clean
He had a red stain on the collar of his shirt.

swing

n. to move it back and forth or from side to side
He can swing a golf club very powerfully.

appliance

n. a piece of equipment used for jobs in the home
Many homes have appliances like ovens, toasters, and refrigerators.

spine

n. the group of bones that run up and down the middle of the back
Our spine helps us to stand up nice and straight.

swear

n. to promise to do something
I will put my hand on the Bible and swear to do my best for the country.

reluctant

adj. not wanting to do something
She was reluctant to say that she saw the robbery.

sleeve

n. the part of a shirt in which arms go
Ryan bought a new shirt with long sleeves to keep his arms warm.

hook

n. a sharp curved piece of metal used for catching or holding things
The fish went after the sharp hook.