n. urge; strong wish
Humans have a natural drive to survive.
medical
adj. relating to the treatment of diseases
Over the past century, medical advances have improved children’s health.
advance
n. a new development or improvement
Over the past century, medical advances have improved children’s health.
increase
v. to grow larger in size, number, or value
Lifespans in most countries are still increasing.
rise
v. to go upward
But they cannot keep rising forever.
close
adj. near in position, time or condition
Most scientists say that 123 is close to the maximum lifespan for humans.
maximum
adj. being the largest possible number or amount
Most scientists say that 123 is close to the maximum lifespan for humans.
survive
v. to remain alive
Humans have a natural drive to survive.
learn
v. to gain knowledge or skill by studying
They have learned many things about what we should do in order to live long, healthy lives.
healthy
adj. having good health, not sick
They have learned many things about what we should do in order to live long, healthy lives.
average
adj. ordinary or usual Average lifespan means how long the average person will live.
lifespan
n. the number of years a person may live
Average lifespan means how long the average person will live.
worldwide
adv. everywhere in the world
A hundred years ago, the average lifespan worldwide was only about 34 years!
disease
n. an illness that affects someone or something
Because of disease, almost half of children did not survive to age 10.
century
n. a period of 100 years
Over the past century, medical advances have improved children’s health.
spicy
adj. flavored with strong spices, causing a burning feeling
Some people love spicy foods, but others can’t stand them.
flavor
n. the taste of a particular type of food or drink
Super-tasters feel flavors more strongly than other people.
sensitive
adj. affected by or able to notice small changes
They are also more sensitive to a certain bitter chemical.
bitter
adj. having a strong, unpleasant taste
They are also more sensitive to a certain bitter chemical.
chemical
n. a substance that is made by a chemical process
Foods like grapefruit, chocolate, and coffee have a lot of this chemical.
grapefruit
n. a large, yellow-orange fruit with a slightly strong taste
Foods like grapefruit, chocolate, and coffee have a lot of this chemical.
notice
v. to become aware of something by seeing
Medium-tasters do not mind eating such bitter foods, and non-tasters may not notice any bitter taste.
study
n. a research project; a long experiment Studies have found that people can be divided into three groups: non-tasters, medium-tasters, and super-tasters.
divide
v. to separate something into two or more
Studies have found that people can be divided into three groups: non-tasters, medium-tasters, and super-tasters.
guess
v. to give an answer about something when you do not know much or anything
You might be able to guess the difference between them based on the names of the different groups.
taste
n. feeling flavors when you eat or drink Taste buds are the parts of your tongue that taste food.
tongue
n. the soft, movable part of the mouth
Taste buds are the parts of your tongue that taste food.
tiny
adj. very small
They are in the tiny bumps on your tongue.
bump
n. an uneven spot that is higher than the area around it
They are in the tiny bumps on your tongue.
square
adj. having four sides of equal length
Count how many bumps you have in one square centimeter.
fast
adv. in a very short time
Do you know how fast a human baby grows?
typically
adv. generally or normally Typically, growth spurts happen more often in spring and summer than at other times of the year.
happen
v. to do or be something by chance
Typically, growth spurts happen more often in spring and summer than at other times of the year.
stage
n. a stop that is only one part of the whole
On average, this stage of life lasts two years.
height
n. the measurement of how tall a person or thing is
Most girls add 18 centimeters to their height.
contrast
n. a great difference between two or more things
In contrast, most boys add about 20 centimeters to theirs.
past
adj. having existed in a time before the present
How much have you and your friends grown in height over the past year?
usually
adv. in most cases, most of the time
During the first year of its life, a baby usually grows between 18 and 25 centimeters.
consider
v. to think about carefully
That is a lot, considering the fact that most babies are only about 50 centimeters at birth.
fact
n. something that truly happens
That is a lot, considering the fact that most babies are only about 50 centimeters at birth.
birth
n. coming into life or being born
That is a lot, considering the fact that most babies are only about 50 centimeters at birth.
growth
n. an increase in size Growth slows down during the second year of life, when most babies grow only 10 to 12 centimeters more.
slow down
phr v. to move at a lower speed
Growth slows down during the second year of life, when most babies grow only 10 to 12 centimeters more.
regular
adj. happening at times that are equally separated opposite
After the first year, growth becomes more regular.
spurt
n. a short period of greatly increased development
These are called “growth spurts.”
lung
n. the body part air goes into when you breathe
The lungs are responsible for putting oxygen into your blood.
oxygen
n. a chemical that is found in the air
Your blood then carries this oxygen to the rest of your body.
rest
n. everything that is left over; things that remain
Your blood then carries this oxygen to the rest of your body.
organ
n. any body part that has a job in your body
Your body needs oxygen to keep all your organs healthy and working properly.
properly
adv. in a way that is accurate or correct
Your body needs oxygen to keep all your organs healthy and working properly.
whistle
v. to make a high sound by blowing air
But you also use the air you breathe to do other things, like talk, sing, laugh, and whistle.
alive
adj. not dead
Your powerful lungs not only keep you alive, but also help you enjoy life!
responsible
adj. having a duty of dealing with something or someone
The lungs are responsible for putting oxygen into your blood.
heart
n. the body part that pumps blood through your veins
Without your lungs, your heart would not have any healthy blood to circulate through your body.
circulate
v. to follow a path that leads back to where it started
Without your lungs, your heart would not have any healthy blood to circulate through your body.
upper
adj. in a higher position
Your lungs are in your upper chest.
equal
adj. having the same value
They are not equal in size, as the left lung is a little smaller to make room for your heart.
giant
adj. very large
Healthy lungs are pink and look like giant sponges.
sponge
n. a soft material that soaks up water
Healthy lungs are pink and look like giant sponges.
breathe
v. to move air into and out of your lungs.
When you breathe in, your chest gets bigger.
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