4000 Essential English Words 2e 4 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 29,30

fume

n. unhealthy smoke and gases
The engine put unpleasant, black fumes into the air.

notwithstanding

prep. in spite of
Notwithstanding your objections, we have decided to move forward with the project.

patent

n. a right to be the only person allowed to make or sell a new product
He quickly established a patent for his brilliant invention.

penalize

v. to punish him or her
The team was penalized when they broke the rules.

output

n. the amount of something that a person or thing produces
The boss hired more workers to increase the factory’s output of products.

sector

n. a part of a country's economy in a specific type of industry
We learned about just a few of the factories within the manufacturing sector.

subscribe

v. to agree with it
She subscribed to the view that musical education should be kept in schools.

subsist

v. to have the food, water, and money needed to stay alive
Some people are forced to subsist on only a few dollars a month.

petroleum

n. a liquid natural resource from which many fuels are made
The petroleum at that factory is used to make gasoline.

conversion

n. the act of changing something into a different state or form
The city discussed the conversion of the parking lot into a skateboard park.

habitual

adj. it is a behavior that a person usually does
The man was a habitual liar who was incapable of being honest with anyone.

overpopulation

n. the state of having too many people in an area
The organization is concerned with the overpopulation of the world.

region

n. a large area of land usually based on some common feature
This is the wheat-growing region of the country.

suspend

v. to delay or stop it from happening for a while
The oil company suspended production until it was sure the factory was safe.

defer

v. to arrange for an action to happen at a later time
The girl was very sleepy, so she chose to defer her bath until morning.

scrap

n. a small amount of it
Chris liked to use many scraps of paper when thinking up ideas.

justify

n. to show or prove that it is necessary
The government tried to justify its decision to bring the country into a war.

cram

v. to put them into a place that can barely contain them
He crammed all of his shirts into the top drawer of the dresser.

export

v. to sell them to other countries
The United States exports many cereals and grains.

synthesis

n. a combination of different ideas or styles
The band’s music was a synthesis of many different musical genres.

advocacy

n. the act of supporting or recommending something
Janine’s strong advocacy for the event made people want to attend.

misguided

adj. it is based on bad judgment or wrong beliefs.
The snake bit Molly during her misguided attempt to catch it.

harmonize

v. to make different things go well together
The sweet and sour flavors of the dish harmonized well and tasted great.

technical

adj. skill requires good control of technique
Her technical skill was perfect.

rehearse

v. to practice and prepare for a performance in front of people
Vick’s band rehearsed all week before their first show.

Mandarin

n. one of the two main Chinese languages
Although John’s parents both spoke Mandarin, he could only speak English.

mimic

v. to copy the way it sounds, moves, looks, etc.
The hunter mimicked a duck’s call and shot the two ducks that called back.

statute

n. a law that is official and has been written down
The new statute made it illegal to walk dogs in the park.

villain

n. an evil person who breaks the law or hurts others
The villain made off with half of my family’s valuables.

vine

n. a plant that has long, twisting stems and climbs upward
The branches of the trees were covered with vines.

acrobat

n. a person who entertains people by doing amazing physical things
There were acrobats at the circus that did impressive and complicated jumps.

industrious

adj. they work hard
Dennis was very industrious, so he never had problems finding a job.

scorn

v. to behave without respect toward them
The criminal was scorned by everyone in the community.

fluid

adj. it is smooth and moves gracefully
Boris was a famous ballet dancer because people admired his fluid movements.

communal

adj. a group of people
On the weekends, Theo and his son picked up trash in the communal park.

inventive

adj. they are good at creating new things
The inventive student built a robot to help her with her chores.

resourceful

adj. having inner resources
Because he was very resourceful, he could make most of the things he needed rather than buying them.

sensory

adj. it is related to the senses
Iris and Eric preferred the sensory thrill of watching movies in the theater.

metropolitan

adj. it relates to a large city
After years of living on a farm, Rufu was finally moving to a metropolitan area.

veteran

n. someone who has a lot of experience doing something
Hank was the team veteran and had completed more races than anyone else.