4000 Essential English Words 2e 4 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 21,22

contradict

v. to state the opposite of what someone else has said
Ken was always fighting with his little sister because she kept contradicting him.

survive

n. it manages to continue to live in spite of difficult circumstances
She survived a heart attack.

ashore

adv. it goes from the water to the land
After a long day of fishing, Glen pulled his boat ashore, so it wouldn’t float away.

counterpart

n. something that is very similar to something else in what it does
Our manager will meet our rival company’s counterpart later today.

finally

adv. at the end of a series of events
We finally reached our destination.

plunge

v. to move down into something very quickly
The water in the pool was very cold, but the boy plunged in anyway.

theorize

v. to develop ideas about something
They enjoyed theorizing about how things worked.

embryo

n. a human or animal that is still growing inside its mother
Some doctors say that what a mother eats has a big effect on her embryo.

obstruct

v. to get in its way
The car broke down on the road and obstructed traffic for hours.

publicize

v. to make something get a lot of attention
The company publicized the job positions in the newspaper.

gazette

n. a newspaper
Alice wants to write for a gazette when she’s older.

individual

n. a single member of a group
Each individual is responsible for themselves.

prolong

v. to make something last for a longer time
Sandy walked slowly across the beach, trying to prolong her lunch break.

surplus

n. an extra amount of something
The store sold their surplus items on sale.

homogeneous

adj. it is made up of things which are all the same
All of the houses on Victor’s block were boring and homogenous.

major

adj. a very important event
There had been a major shift in government policy.

verify

v. to find out if something is true
Julian called the movie theater to verify that the movie started at nine.

vigorous

adj. they use a lot of energy
Henry uses vigorous exercise to keep himself in shape.

devoid

adj. devoid of a thing, they are missing it
The movie was devoid of any violence, so it was a perfect movie for the family.

diverge

v. to become different or to follow a different direction
The road diverged into two paths that led to our houses.

altar

n. a table used in churches
The altar had many lit candles on it.

arthritis

n. an illness causing pain and swelling in a person's joints
Agatha couldn’t play the piano anymore because of her arthritis.

hone

v. to improve it and make it very good
Lisa honed her chess skills through hours and hours of practice.

document

n. a written text, usually not in the form of a book
Please scan this document so we have an electronic copy.

deception

n. the act of lying or tricking someone
The magic looked very real, but it was only deception.

psychic

adj. they know what will happen or what people think
I think my grandmother has psychic abilities because she can predict anything.

dung

n. solid waste material produced by animals
There was cow dung all over the field.

strife

n. disagreement or fighting between people or groups
There was a lot of strife between Jim and Lisa about what TV show to watch.

botany

n. the study of plants
Gardens are the best places for botany.

deceased

adj. dead
We visited the graves of our deceased grandparents.

motive

n. your reason for doing something
We can show he had a motive to commit the crime, but we cannot show he did it.

sinister

adj. they are evil
Bad guys in most movies have sinister laughs.

scope

n. something is how many people or things it relates to
Modern history has a wide scope.

dusk

n. the time in the evening when it begins to get dark
After dusk, Hannah went to catch fireflies in the park.

gratify

v. to please them
Bonnie was gratified after receiving her gift from her parents.

interpret

v. to find its meaning
It is difficult to interpret while someone is speaking.

text

n. language used in communicating messages
Spoken text has many features which are different from written text.

pneumonia

n. a dangerous illness causing the lungs to fill with liquid
Elaine got pneumonia after playing outside in the rain without a coat.

psychotic

adj. they have a very serious mental illness
The psychotic patient believed he saw things that weren’t real.

credible

adj. they can be believed or trusted
Dick gave a credible reason for being late and didn’t get in any trouble.