4000 Essential English Words 2e 5 (2nd Edition) 영영 Unit 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

horn

n. a device that makes a loud noise
The boy honked his horn as he rode his bicycle past the house.

lag

v. to move slowly behind other moving objects
The girl on rollerblades lagged behind the little girl on the bicycle.

signature

n. your name, when you write it in your own way
I put my signature at the end of the letter.

stuff

n. a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name
We gave a lot of stuff to the charity.

subconscious

adj. done without thinking about something
Breathing is one of the subconscious things that the body does.

zoom

v. to move quickly
The cars zoomed along the road.

destiny

n. all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life
It was his destiny to become a great singer.

van

n. a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck
The delivery company uses large vans to deliver packages.

charm

n. to please someone with your personality
Gail charmed everyone with her humorous stories.

protein

n. a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
Fish and beef are good sources of protein.

workout

n. an exercise routine that helps improve health
She doesn’t do her workout on the weekends.

bead

n. a drop of liquid
Beads of water collected on the outside of the glass.

brew

n. to pour hot water over coffee or tea
Please brew a fresh pot of coffee.

nightmare

n. a bad or scary dream
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a nightmare.

warn

n. to make someone know of possible danger in the future
The lifeguard warned people to stay away from the rough ocean.

equipment

n. the things which are used for a specific purpose
The factory produces a wide range of high-tech equipment.

affect

v. to have an influence over someone or something
The student’s poor attitude affected the other students in the class.

autograph

n. the written name of a famous person
Everybody wanted the movie star’s autograph.

irritable

adj. becoming annoyed or angry very easily
She is irritable when she doesn’t get enough sleep.

nutritious

adj. helping the body stay healthy
Mangoes are one of the most nutritious fruits in the world.

shutter

n. wooden or metal covers in front of a window
Mr. Smith closed the shutters every night to make his bedroom dark.

flexible

adj. able to bend easily without breaking
The tree branch was so flexible it could be bent into a circle and not break.

crumble

v. to break or fall apart into small pieces
The old house’s walls crumbled into a pile of rock and wood.

reconcile

v. to return to a friendly relationship
After arguing, the two friends were reconciled with each other.

shatter

v. to break something suddenly into many tiny pieces
When the ball hit the window, the glass shattered.

sprinkle

v. to scatter something all over something else
He sprinkled the pasta with salt and black pepper.

fist

n. a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm
The bully made a fist and threatened to hit the small boy.

flush

v. the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion
After the long race, the runner’s face was flushed.

dough

n. a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked
I made heart-shaped cookies from the dough.

express

n. to show others how one thinks or feels
The nurse expressed her sympathy for the sick patient.

mixture

n. something that is made by mixing other things together
The walls were built using a mixture of water, rock, and dirt.

ruin

v. to damage greatly
He ruined his white shirt when he spilled tomato soup on himself.

slight

adj. small or minor
There was only a slight change in the little boy’s height.

utter

n. to say a word or a sound
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely utter a single word.

injure

v. to damage a part of someone's body
The car crash injured two people.

lump

n. a small piece of something that is solid
The artist took a lump of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.

sift

v. to remove all the large pieces
The baker sifted the flour into a large bowl.

brick

n. a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls
There were several bricks scattered on the ground.

stale

adj. not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat
The cookies sat on the table so long that they became stale.

sparkle

n. to shine brightly with quick flashes of light
The stars sparkled in the winter night’s sky.

measure

v. to find out the quality, value, or effect of something
The scientists carefully measured the amount of chemicals in the tubes.

complain

v. to say that you are unhappy about something
The workers complained that they were being treated unfairly.

climate

n. the usual weather in a place
The climate in the desert is very hot.

leash

n. a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal
Dogs must wear a leash to keep them from running away.

misery

n. extreme suffering
There was a lot of misery after Sam lost his dog.

apply

v. to put on something
She always applies makeup to her face before going outside.

due

adj. expected to happen or be done at that time
The papers were due on the 19th.

midst

n. the middle of something
She was in the midst of cleaning when the telephone rang.

research

n. close and careful study to discover new things
Scientists did a lot of research on the subject of blood type.

variety

n. a group of many different kinds of something
There are a variety of flowers at the shop.

confuse

v. to make someone feel like they are unsure
The sign confused the traveler because it pointed in two directions.

establish

v. to create something
He wanted to establish a club for people to help the Earth.

await

v. to wait for something
The players awaited the referee’s decision.

furnace

n. a place where heat is made
Mr. Jones came to fix the furnace.

powerless

adj. without power or authority
I fear my father is powerless now.

although

conj. one thing is contrasted by another
Although she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.

beloved

adj. it is very special and you like it very much
The boy took a nap next to his beloved cat.

mature

v. to grow up to become an adult
When they matured, they became as tall as their parents.

prior

adj. happened earlier
Ron had to wait since he arrived prior to the scheduled meeting time.

spaceship

n. a craft designed for spaceflight
Many people want to travel into space by spaceship.

sake

n. the reason for doing something
The parents worked hard for their children’s sake.

stitch

v. to use a needle and thread to join pieces of cloth together
My grandmother stitched the pieces together to make a big blanket.

rip

v. to pull something apart
She ripped the paper in half by accident.

altogether

adv. it happens completely
The company stopped using sugar altogether in its food.

hoop

n. a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball hoop.

source

n. the place that something comes from
The river was the source of drinking water for the village.

bruise

n. a dark mark caused by being hit by something
She got a bruise on her knee from falling down.

misfortune

n. bad luck or an unlucky event
His family helped him when he encountered misfortune.

disobedient

adj. not following the rules or instructions
The disobedient children didn’t listen to their mother and had an accident.

glimpse

v. to see something for a short time
She glimpsed outside the window as the plane was about to land.

per

prep. each
It costs eight dollars per person to watch the baseball game.

scrape

v. to rub something very hard with another thing sharp
I accidentally scraped the paint off the side of the car.

stern

adj. very serious
The stern teacher didn’t allow the students to speak during class.

plead

v. to ask for something you want very badly
He pleaded for his parents to let him go to the soccer game.

thump

n. the sound of a heavy object hitting something
They heard the thump when the bowling ball hit the floor.

foresee

v. to know about something before it happens
The teacher didn’t foresee any problems with his large class.

custom

n. a way of doing things that has been the same for a long time
It is a custom that the bride and groom have the first dance.

negative

adj. unpleasant or sad
She doesn’t like to say negative things about her friends.

vehement

adj. angry and emotional
Gina was vehement when she found out that Liz was bad in school.

bind

v. to make people feel united together
The victims of the flood were bound by their need to help each other.

bathe

v. to wash oneself with water
The mermaid bathed herself in the ocean.

gut

n. intestines, where food is processed after leaving the stomach
Thousands of bacteria live in your gut and help you digest food.

physician

n. a doctor
The physician was a friendly man who did his best with all of his patients.

demography

n. the study of people and populations
If you study demography, you’ll see huge population growth in some areas of the world.

helmet

n. a type of hard hat that protects your head
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a helmet.

nonsense

n. words or ideas that are silly or foolish
The baby was talking nonsense into the phone.

appall

v. to disgust someone
Minerva was appalled when she read the email from her enemy.

dip

v. a decline or a worsening in condition
The economy experienced a dip in the 1930s, leading many workers to lose their jobs.

herb

n. a plant used for cooking or medicine
I couldn’t decide which herb I wanted to buy at the market.

militant

adj. angry and aggressive, and willing to fight easily
The woman delivered an angry, militant speech on the floor of the legislature.

bounds

v. the area in a game in which plays are legal
If your ball lands outside the lines, it’s out of bounds.

mourn

v. to show or feel great sadness when you lose someone
The entire family mourned their grandfather’s death together.

alike

adj. similar to each other
The brothers looked so much alike that it was impossible to tell one from the other.

critique

v. to express an opinion about the good and the bad parts of something
My job is to critique the food at various restaurants.

miracle

n. an unexpected blessing which seems almost impossible, like a gift from heaven
A miracle happened when Rosalita won over 60 million dollars in the lottery.

diagnosis

n. a doctor's decision about the cause of an illness
The vet’s diagnosis was that our dog had a broken leg.

ailing

adj. sickly or not doing well
Antonio’s ailing health caused his head to hurt.

distress

n. a feeling of sadness and anxiousness
We were in great distress when our home was destroyed during the last hurricane.

fever

n. when a body's temperature is higher than normal
He had to miss school because he was sick with a fever.

grim

adj. worrying, serious, and scary
The boy made the grim discovery that he had accidentally deleted his homework.

hermit

n. one who lives alone and does not spend time with others
The hermit lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.

reserve

v. to keep something for a certain person or time
He reserved a table at the busy restaurant.

comic

adj. funny
The comic actor was famous for his jokes.

complicate

v. to make something harder than necessary
The bad weather complicated finishing the job quickly.

basement

n. a room that is built underground
They turned their basement into a game room.

blink

v. to shut the eyes and quickly open them again
I blinked many times so that my eyes could adjust to the bright light.

decline

n. to say no to an offer or invitation
She declined his offer to pay for her dinner.

ponder

v. to think about something carefully
She sat in the park and pondered her problem.

accent

n. a certain way of speaking that shows where a person is from
The new teacher’s accent was clearly a German one.

leather

n. a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing
He got a new leather jacket for his birthday.

search

v. to look for something or someone carefully
I searched the newspaper for a new job.

choir

n. a group of people who sing together
He had choir practice every day after school.

slam

v. to close something hard
She slammed the book shut after she finished reading it.

glove

n. a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of gloves.

errand

n. a trip taken to do a specific activity
He couldn’t go to practice because he had several errands to do.

script

n. the words of a film or play
He read the script of the play three times.

staircase

n. a set of stairs found inside a building
The staircase leads directly into the kitchen.

barber

n. a person whose job is to cut men's hair
My hair is getting much too long. I’d better go to the barber’s shop.

blank

adj. not having anything on something
She got a blank piece of paper to draw on.

justly

adv. fair
We justly decided to give the prize to him.

chapter

n. a part of a book that usually has a number or a title
The first chapter of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.

pea

n. a vegetable that is small, round, and green
His favorite food was peas.

state

n. to say something in a definite way
The president stated his opinion about the world’s health concerns.

vivid

adj. bright and colorful
The figures in the painting were vivid.

connect

v. to join two things together
I connected the mouse to my laptop computer.

unfortunate

adj. bad or unlucky
It was unfortunate that Dave’s team lost, but he still had fun.

afflicted

adj. to suffer physically or mentally
He was afflicted by pain in his right arm.

cargo

n. the items carried by a ship or an airplane
The cargo of the ship got wet when it started raining.

retain

v. to keep something
Even by the afternoon, the day had retained the morning’s freshness.

atmosphere

n. the air around the Earth where weather conditions form
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the atmosphere.

idle

adj. not doing anything
She read a book to keep from being idle.

raisin

n. a dried grape
Raisins are one of my favorite snacks.

notify

v. to tell someone about something
The teacher notified us about a change to our assignment.

etc.

adv. the short for "etcetera"
She was going to bring treats to the party: cookies, muffins, cake, etc.

aisle

n. a space between two things that people use to walk
They were told to clear the aisle because the plane was about to land.

flip

v. to press a switch quickly to turn it on or off
To turn on the lights, just flip this switch.

vomit

v. to have food come up from one's stomach
It is common for women to vomit when they are pregnant.

breakdown

n. a failure to work correctly
Her car had a breakdown, and she wasn’t sure how to fix it.

author

n. a person who wrote a certain piece of writing
The author was hard at work on his next novel.

tray

n. a flat plate used to hold food
The waiter brought our food on a tray.

impatient

adj. to get angry or anxious when something takes too much time
The impatient teacher could not control the students in her classroom.

calendar

n. a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year
Marco used an online calendar to keep track of his schedule.

cave

n. an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground cave.

fond

adj. to cherish or like something
The mother cow was very fond of her lovely little calf.

optimist

n. someone who has a lot of hope and always sees the bright side of things
Joe was an optimist, so he believed he would get the job that he wanted.

flank

v. to be positioned at the side of something or someone
The mayor entered the room flanked by her advisers.

deadline

n. the time by which you need to have something completed
Marius had a short deadline in which to finish his report.

exert

v. to use strength or ability to do something
You exert a lot of energy when you lift weights.

contingent

n. a set of people that are part of a larger group
The movie star stood in front of an entire contingent of photographers.

constantly

adv. doing something on a continuous basis
He was constantly checking his watch to see if he was late.

calorie

n. a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce
My sister is on a low-calorie diet for fitness training.

mid

adj. in the middle or center of something
Cassandra fell asleep mid-movie.

ankle

n. a part connecting your leg to your foot
The man hurt his ankle while jogging in the park.

impair

v. to make something weaker or worse
Regularly eating too much can impair your health.

cabin

n. a small wooden house in a forest or camping area
The man reached the mountain cabin after a long day of hiking along the river.

forbid

v. to order someone not to do something
After Robert used his crayons on the wall, his mother wanted to forbid him from using them at all!

ambition

n. the desire to succeed and to become the best at something
His great ambition led him to try to climb the mountain alone.

haul

v. to carry something from place to place
The porter said he’d haul our suitcases up to our hotel room.

ambulance

n. a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency
The ambulance sped through the street to get to the accident.

nutrition

n. the process of eating the right kind of food in order to stay healthy
The mother always made sure that her baby had good nutrition.

relate

v. to have a connection with something
A company’s plan usually relates to how much profit it can make.

bait

n. something used to trick a person or thing to do something
The best bait for catching fish is a big, fat worm.

copper

n. a red-brown metal often used in electric wire and pipes
Ancient hunters melted copper to make knives and spears.

myth

n. a traditional story that explains a culture's history and beliefs
In Greece, there was a myth about a woman who had snakes for hair.

disease

n. an illness that causes specific problems
He had a disease that caused him to lose his hearing.

venom

n. a poisonous substance that comes from animals or plants
A snake’s venom can be used to cure the illnesses it creates.

itch

n. to have an unpleasant feeling that you want to scratch
The rough fabric in his shirt made his neck itch.

religion

n. a belief in a god or gods
Their religion taught that people should forgive their enemies.

background

n. a person's education, family, and experience
The new teacher had a background in science and math.

infect

v. to give someone an illness
The common cold infects hundreds of millions of people each year.

millennium

n. 1000 years
Stonehenge is believed to have been built about five millennia ago.

promote

v. to raise someone to a higher position or rank
After two years at the company, she was promoted to manager.

teller

n. a person who works with a bank's customers
The teller at the bank helped Kelly put money into a savings account.

trustworthy

adj. honest and truthful
Mary is one of the most trustworthy people I’ve ever met.

update

v. to make something more modern.
We need to update the programs on our computers.

vein

n. a tube in the body that carries blood toward the heart
The blue veins in my hand are just under my skin.

folklore

n. the collection of beliefs and stories of a culture
India’s folklore has stories about great warriors written in long poems.

sum

n. a specific amount of money
He calculated the numbers to see what the sum of his bills would be.

literature

n. books, plays, and poetry
Early American literature covers the poetry and stories from 1500 to 1800.

chronicle

v. to record an event
The daily newspaper chronicles local and world events.

charity

n. an act of giving help, usually money, to those who need it
Thanks to his friends’ charity, he had enough money to pay the rent.

hitchhike

v. to travel by asking for rides from passing vehicles
She didn’t have a car, so she hitchhiked several miles to her brother’s home.

temper

n. someone's mood or a chance that they might get angry
She has a temper. Even the slightest mistakes make her angry.

condemn

v. to give someone a specific punishment
The judge condemned the criminal to five years in prison.

goods

n. anything that can be bought or sold
Shoes, hats, dresses, and purses were the goods she wanted to buy.

heed

v. to obey or follow something
You should heed the advice on the sign and not drive so fast.

mock

v. to tease someone in a cruel way
The girls mocked Nancy because she was a new student.

neutral

adj. not helping either of the two fighting sides
The girl’s friend remained neutral while the couple was arguing.

persecute

v. to treat someone badly
Dan felt persecuted because he was smaller than the other boys at school.

victor

n. a group or person that wins in a contest
At the end of the game, the blue team were the victors.

cozy

adj. comfortable, warm, and relaxing
The thick blanket made the bed very cozy.

scribe

n. a person whose job was to copy written works
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.

economy

n. the money and businesses of a country or region
The factory was good for the economy because it brought jobs to the area.

deplete

n. to use up all of something
All the driving he was doing was depleting his car’s fuel supply.

empire

n. a large group of countries ruled by an emperor or empress
The emperor built roads to make travel easier throughout the empire.

unity

n. the state of people working together for a certain purpose
The project was finished early thanks to the unity of the workers.

pity

n. the feeling of sadness and kindness for those who are suffering
Because she had pity for the lost boy, she helped him find his parents.

reduce

v. to make something smaller in size or fewer in number
When the store reduced its prices, people wanted to shop there.

commerce

n. the activity of buying and selling things
The new shopping mall increased the commerce in that section of town.

throne

n. the special chair in which a ruler sits
Nobody except the king and queen sat in the thrones in the great hall.

controversy

n. a dispute about something that affects many people
There has been a lot of controversy over the judge’s decision.

evolve

n. to change over time
Many people think that humans evolved from animals.

factor

n. something that has an effect on the way another thing happens
Smoking is the main factor that causes lung cancer.

offspring

n. the children of a person or the babies of an animal
The dog’s offspring had the same color of fur as she did.

regulate

v. to control how something happens
The bank regulates how much money people can borrow.

accurate

adj. completely correct
The story in the newspaper wasn’t very accurate.

genetic

adj. related to the genes in one's body
The color of one’s eyes is genetic.

asteroid

n. a giant rock from outer space
In 1908, a giant asteroid hit Siberia.

reinforce

v. to make something stronger; to support it
Peter reinforced his opinion with information from a book.

vegetarian

n. someone who does not eat any meat products
I became a vegetarian because I don’t like the taste of meat.

multiply

v. to increase in number
In the past year, the number of people at work has multiplied by ten percent.

genome

n. the collection of all the genes in a living thing
Understanding the human genome may help cure many diseases.

identical

adj. being the same as someone or something else
James and John are identical twins.

stricken

adj. badly affected by a disease or problem
The pilot landed the stricken airplane with difficulty.

mammal

n. an animal that usually has hair and is not born from an egg
Even though they live in water, whales are actually mammals.

majority

n. more than half of the people or things in that group
A majority of the people voted for Tom Smith in the election.

analyze

v. to study something
The scientist will analyze the blood sample.

vast

adj. very large
The wealthy man bought a vast amount of land in the countryside.

intellectual

n. a very smart person
We’ve always considered my Uncle Max to be the intellectual of the family.

pesticide

n. a substance used to kill insects
The farmer sprayed his crops with a pesticide to keep bugs away.

progress

n. getting better at what you are doing
There are clear signs of progress.

machine

n. something made by people and doing work for us
The machine was broken.

sandy

adj. covered with sand
I love walking on a sandy beach.

shortage

n. coming from short and means not having enough
During the dry season, there was a shortage of water.

earthen

adj. made of clay
The house’s roof was made of earthen tiles.

peel

v. to remove skin of fruits or vegetables
He peeled the apple before eating it.

dense

adj. having a lot of things close together
I easily became lost in the dense forest.

skillful

adj. very good at doing something
The carpenter is very skillful at building houses.

dominate

v. to control someone or something
The loud man dominated the conversation.

incorrect

adj. wrong
Your answer is incorrect. You need to correct it.

bowl

n. a dish with a round deep shape
I put the fruit in the fruit bowl.

prescription

n. permission from a doctor to get medicine
The doctor gave me a prescription for my medication.

likewise

adv. doing the same thing as someone else
If Joe is not going to school so he can go swimming, I want to do likewise.

oppress

v. to rule over someone in a cruel and unfair way
Free speech had been oppressed in his country.

hostile

adj. angry and unfriendly
We were happy to move away from our hostile neighbor.

cooking

n. making food ready to eat
I really enjoy cooking, especially Italian food.

medication

n. medicine or drugs given to people who are sick
The doctor gave me medication to treat my illness.

obscure

adj. not well known
The old man travels the world in search of obscure books.

dignity

n. the ability to be calm and worthy of respect
When his company went out of business, he faced it with dignity.

intake

n. the amount of food you take into your body
The doctor said I needed to increase my intake of fruits and vegetables.

aircraft

n. a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter
At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old aircraft.

species

n. a type of plant or animal
There are 21 different species of butterfly in this forest.

zoology

n. a subject in which people study animals
Helen wants to study zoology because she has always liked animals.

jealousy

n. a feeling of wanting something that somebody else has
She felt a lot of jealousy when she saw her friend with a new car.

institute

n. an organization that is interested in research or teaching
I am going to a lecture about Ancient Rome at the Historical Institute.

rural

adj. in the countryside instead of the city
I want to live in a small house in a rural area.

secluded

adj. far away from any other place
There was a secluded bench in the park.

traverse

v. to move or travel through an area
The explorer traversed the desert alone on a camel.

ethical

adj. it is the right thing to do
Many people believe that it is ethical to help others in need.

migrate

v. to move from one place to another
Many birds migrate to warmer countries in the winter.

swamp

n. a very wet area of land
There are lots of wild animals living in the swamp.

hardy

adj. strong and can live through difficult conditions
The farmer is a hardy man and doesn’t mind working outside.

principle

n. a belief about the correct way to behave
To maintain principles, it’s vital to watch, listen, and speak carefully.

decisive

adj. making decisions quickly
Our boss is very decisive, so it did not take long to organize the project.

esteemed

adj. liked or respected by many people
An esteemed scientist is coming to the university to talk about his discoveries.

nurture

v. to care for something as it grows or develops
Robert nurtured his plants, and that is why they grow so well.

concrete

n. a substance made from stones
The man covered the ground with concrete.

overhead

adv. located above you
As we sat on the top of the hill, a plane flew overhead.

celebrity

n. someone who is famous
It was the highlight of the evening when the celebrities arrived.

extinct

adj. none left
There used to be dinosaurs all over the world, but now they are extinct.

designate

v. to give someone or something a particular description
The famous lighthouse was designated a historical monument.

knowledge

n. what you know
He has trouble putting his knowledge into practice.

accordingly

adv. in a way that is suitable
He feels like he did a good job and his boss should pay him accordingly.

dock

n. an enclosed area where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired
The huge ship pulled into the dock, and the crew unloaded the cargo.

grease

n. an oily substance put on moving parts so they work smoothly, or oil or fat in cooking
When I was done working on the car, I had grease all over my hands.

slot

n. a narrow opening in a machine or container
To operate the machine, put your coins into the slot.

skill

n. something makes you good at doing a job
She worked with great skill and confidence.

anchor

n. a heavy object dropped from a boat to make it stay in one place
When the ship reached its destination, the crew dropped the anchor.

genuine

adj. true or real
After the painting was determined to be genuine, it sold for a million dollars.

cause

n. to make something happen
Tiredness caused the accident.

gears

n. the part of a motor that controls the speed
My brother has a car with four gears.

tactic

n. a careful plan to achieve something
Sam thought of a good tactic to attract more business.

context

n. the situations that form the background of an event
They studied the context of the battle before giving their presentation.

offset

v. to use one thing to cancel out the effect of another thing
Increased wages are offset by higher prices for goods.

overlap

v. to cover a piece of something
The gift on top overlaps the other gift on the bottom.

frequent

adj. happening or done often
While Dad was sick, the doctor made frequent visits to his house.

energy

n. strength to do lots of things
If you lack energy, try eating better food.

secondhand

adj. it has been owned by someone else
Her secondhand jeans were a bit faded in the front.

distort

v. to lie about something, or pull or twist out of shape
The man’s lawyer distorted the facts so that he would be set free.

omit

v. to leave out something or do not do it
I omitted some important information: he is not coming.

objective

n. a goal or plan that someone has
My objective this week is to finish my homework by 7:30 every night.

rainforest

n. a forest that is in a place where it rains very often
The rainforest is home to many animals.

cumulative

adj. an increase by adding one after another
The cumulative snowfall in the area is fifty centimeters per year.

deposit

v. to put something into a place or another thing
I deposited the money into my bank account.

capacity

n. the amount of things that can be put in something
The parking lot has reached its full capacity.

conserve

v. to protect something from being ruined or used completely
The group worked to conserve the beauty of Europe’s national parks.

birthplace

n. a place where a person is born or where something started
China is the birthplace of chopsticks.

crucial

adj. extremely important to another thing
Clean air is crucial to the survival of humans, plants, and animals.

federal

adj. it relates to the government of a country
Sometimes federal laws are different from state laws.

frequency

n. the number of times that something happens
The frequency of rainstorms is very high, especially during the spring.

comparative

adj. being judged based on something else
The money that John has is comparative to that of most other adults.

beneficial

adj. good for you
Drinking milk every day is beneficial for your bones.

equator

n. an imaginary line that splits the Earth into north and south
The equator crosses the northern part of South America.

oxygen

n. a gas that all living things need to breathe
She thinks there is more oxygen in the air in the country than in the city.

formation

n. the way that something is made
The formation of ice happens when water freezes.

strategy

n. a plan for how to do something
The team came up with a strategy to win the game.

wooded

adj. covered with trees
Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the wooded area by the river.

comprehensive

adj. having all the details about something else
The teacher gave us a comprehensive review for the exam.

distribute

v. to give something to a number of people
The teacher distributed crayons and markers to her students.

exotic

adj. unusual because it is from far away
Rebecca tried many exotic foods on her trip to Africa.

scribble

v. to write something quickly without caring about how it looks
I scribbled a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.

solitude

n. the state of being totally alone
John lives a life of solitude because he doesn’t get along well with people.

incredulous

adj. not believing that it is true
She was incredulous that monkeys could ever drive a car.

linger

v. to last for a long time
The smell of fresh cookies lingered in the bakery.

paraphrase

v. to make someone else's writing or speech shorter
The students were asked to paraphrase the story they had just heard.

plague

n. a serious disease that quickly spreads to many people
A plague in Europe killed millions of people.

shrine

n. a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god
He prayed at the shrine for an hour.

expand

v. to increase
The company will expand its staff by ten percent next year

avail

n. help or benefit
His studying was to no avail because he failed the test.

worsen

v. to get worse
The weather suddenly worsened, and we had to stay inside.

define

n. to clearly state, show, or explain what something is
People define success in many different ways.

horrifying

adj. frightening and very unpleasant
There was a horrifying car accident today.

organism

n. a living thing, especially a very small one
We studied the organism under the microscope.

random

adj. happening without any pattern or reason
Young children often ask random questions.

riot

n. a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws
A riot broke out after the candidate lost the election.

presently

adv. happening right now
Presently, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.

summon

v. to ask a person to come to you
We summoned the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.

dread

n. to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen
I dread the possibility that I will not get into college.

fundamental

adj. being a basic part of something
The fundamental rules of basketball are easy.

stark

adj. severe or clear in appearance or outline
There is a stark contrast between their test scores.

confidential

adj. it must be kept secret
The information from the meeting is confidential.

phenomenon

n. something that can be seen as it is happening
I thought the lights were a strange phenomenon, but they were just shooting stars.

interact

v. to talk to or do something with another person
The kids began to interact when the adults left the room.

interval

n. the time between two things happening
Tony rested for brief intervals while he worked in the yard.

automobile

n. a car
The first automobiles were very different from the ones that exist today.

incorporate

v. to add something to another thing
I decided to incorporate a new ingredient into my cake recipe.

pollute

v. to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul
The careless factory polluted the river with chemicals.

tournament

n. a competition, usually with many people participating
My dad is playing in a golf tournament tomorrow.

guideline

n. a rule about how to do something
Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some guidelines.

territory

n. a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn't a state
Gibraltar is a territory of Great Britain.

era

n. a period of time that has something special about it
During the medieval era, knights wore protective armor.

candidate

n. a person who is competing to win something such as a job
Alice is the best candidate for the job.

mobile

adj. it can be moved easily
Mobile phones are convenient because you can use them anywhere.

ridicule

n. to make fun of something in a mean way
The other students ridicule Peter’s foreign accent.

transportation

n. any type of vehicle that can carry people or things
I don’t have a car, so my normal transportation is the train.

solar

adj. related to the sun
Using solar energy is good for the environment.

modify

v. to change something a little bit
I modified my outfit by adding a belt to it.

parallel

adj. being the same distance away from each other
There are two yellow parallel lines dividing both sides of traffic.

enhance

v. to make something better
Amy’s blue shirt really enhances the color of her eyes.

corporate

adj. related to a large business
Tom enjoys working in the corporate world.

tornado

n. a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly
During a tornado, the safest place to be is underground.

telegraph

n. a method of sending electric messages on wires
In the 1900s, the telegraph was the fastest way to send a message.

poultry

n. a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs
He raises poultry and sells their meat for extra money.

sergeant

n. a soldier or police officer of middle rank
He was promoted to sergeant after a year in the army.

wail

v. to show sadness by crying loudly
The baby wailed because it was hungry.

heir

n. a person who receives the money or property of someone who dies
The princess was the heir to the king and queen’s throne.

wardrobe

n. the collection of all of a person's clothing
She bought some new clothes to expand her wardrobe.

chaos

n. a situation that is confusing and not ordered
His presentation was in chaos. I couldn’t understand what he meant.

martial

adj. grown without adding chemicals to it
Karate is a martial art that began many years ago in Japan.

consistent

adj. always having the same behavior or attitude
Sara comes in every day and is our most consistent worker.

cyclone

n. a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the cyclone.

sheer

adj. complete and total
I was impressed by her sheer dedication to jogging.

organic

adj. someone or something that is not the same as others
The organic carrots are more expensive, but they’re better for you.

typhoon

n. a large tropical storm that moves in circles
Thousands of people lost electricity after a typhoon hit Australia.

scramble

v. to move somewhere quickly and desperately
The hikers scrambled down the side of the hill.

textile

n. cloth that has been woven or knitted
The blue textile was going to be used to make blouses.

boundary

n. the line where one area of land stops and another begins
This fence shows the boundary between our yard and yours.

bill

n. a statement of money owed for goods or for a service
I have so many bills that I do not know how to pay them all.

doomed

adj. going to fail or be destroyed
Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is doomed.

stance

n. an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly
My stance is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.