Listening Framework Pre-advanced 3 (E) Unit 12

barrier

something that blocks movement
Language can be a barrier to communication.

recovery

the process of getting back to normal
The patient made a full recovery after surgery.

renewable

able to be replaced or used again naturally so it does not run out
Solar and wind energy are renewable sources of power.

surge

a sudden and powerful rise or increase
There was a surge in demand for electric cars last year.

respiratory

related to breathing or the lungs
Respiratory problems can be caused by air pollution.

sanitation

a system to keep wastewater from contaminating water sources
Proper sanitation is essential in hospitals to prevent infections.

tend

to usually do something or often behave a certain way
People tend to check their phones first thing in the morning.

visible

able to be seen
The cracks in the wall were clearly visible.

contaminate

to make something unsafe by adding harmful substances
Chemicals from the factory contaminated the river.

destructive

causing great damage or harm
Hurricanes can be highly destructive to coastal cities.

disaster

a sudden event that causes serious damage or loss
The earthquake was a major disaster for the city.

drought

a long period with little or no rain
The farmers suffered losses due to a serious drought.

emission

something that is released, especially gas or heat, into the air
Carbon emissions from factories contribute to global warming.

gradual

happening slowly over time
The country is experiencing a gradual improvement in its economy.

infrastructure

structures like roads and power systems that support a society
Roads and bridges are important parts of a country’s infrastructure.

pose

to cause or create a problem, danger, or challenge
The new law poses challenges for small businesses.

trap

to catch or hold something so it cannot escape
Heavy snow trapped the cars on the mountain road.

vulnerable

being easy to harm or hurt
Children are especially vulnerable to diseases.

urgent

requiring immediate action or attention
The patient needed urgent medical attention.

fossil

the remains of a prehistoric plant or animal preserved in rock
The museum exhibits fossils from prehistoric animals.

coal

A black or brown rock used as a fuel
The factory produces large amounts of smoke from burning coal.

blanket

A large piece of soft cloth used to keep warm
She wrapped herself in a warm blanket.

glacier

A slowly moving mass of ice formed from compacted snow
The glacier is melting rapidly due to global warming.

heatwave

A period of unusually hot weather lasting for several days
The city issued warnings during the summer heatwave.

severe

Very serious or harsh in effect
The storm caused severe damage to the town.

moisture

Small amounts of water in the air, soil, or on a surface
Plants need moisture to grow properly.

rainfall

The amount of rain that falls in a particular area over a period of time
The region receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.

evacuation

The act of moving people from a dangerous place to safety
The government ordered the evacuation of residents before the hurricane.

coastal

Located on or near a coast
Coastal areas are at risk of flooding during storms.

lung

One of the two organs in the chest that allow breathing
The doctor examined her lungs for signs of infection.