Listening Framework Pre-advanced 3 (E) Unit 11

capture

to record or take a picture of something clearly
The photographer captured the beauty of the sunset perfectly.

concentrated

gathered closely together in one place
He gave a concentrated effort to finish the project on time.

existence

the state of being real
The discovery proved the existence of water on the planet.

physicist

a scientist who studies energy and matter
Albert Einstein was one of the most famous physicists in history.

dynamic

a force or quality that causes change or growth
Market dynamics are constantly changing due to global events.

exposure

the state of being in contact with something
The scientist studied the effects of chemical exposure on the environment.

spin

to turn around quickly
The dancers spin gracefully across the stage.

thermal

being related to heat
Thermal energy from the sun warms the Earth’s surface.

advancement

a new development that makes progress possible
Technological advancement has changed the world.

circulation

the movement of something like air or water through an area
Air circulation in the room was poor, so they opened the windows.

compress

to press something into a smaller space or size
You can compress the files to send them by email.

formation

the process of something being made or coming together
The formation of clouds is caused by condensation of water vapor.

mass

the amount of matter in something
A mass of people gathered in the square to protest.

occur

to happen or take place
Many natural disasters occur without warning.

persistent

continuing for a long time
He is persistent in his efforts to improve his English.

prolonged

lasting for a long time or longer than usual
Prolonged exposure to the sun can damage your skin.

propose

to suggest an idea or plan
He proposed a new method to solve the problem.

rotation

the act of turning around a center or axis
The Earth’s rotation causes day and night.

galaxy

a large system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system.

object

a thing that can be seen or touched
She carefully examined the object on the table.

map

A visual representation of an area
The explorers used a map to navigate through the mountains.

guide

To lead or direct someone
The teacher guided the students through the difficult problem.

agricultural

Related to farming, crops, or cultivation of land
Agricultural practices have improved with modern technology.

telescope

An instrument for viewing distant objects, especially in space
The astronomer looked at the stars through a powerful telescope.

date back

To have existed since a particular time in the past
These ancient artifacts date back over 2,000 years.

gravity

The force that attracts objects toward the center of the Earth
Gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun.

relativity

The state of being relative or dependent on something else
The theory of relativity changed how we understand time and space.

stretch

To extend or reach out
He stretched his legs after sitting for a long time.

reputation

The opinions that are generally held about someone or something
The scientist gained a reputation for his groundbreaking research.

approximately

Close to a particular number or time but not exact
The trip will take approximately three hours.