Listening Framework Pre-advanced 3 (E) Unit 07

economic

related to money, jobs, and how things are bought and sold
The country is facing serious economic problems.

intense

being very strong or extreme
She felt intense pain in her leg after the fall.

motivation

the desire to do something
Good teachers can inspire strong motivation in their students.

shame

a bad feeling due to doing something wrong or failing
He couldn’t hide his shame after telling a lie.

alternative

another choice or option
Using solar power is an alternative to burning coal.

distinction

a difference between two or more things
There is a clear distinction between fact and opinion.

intentional

being done on purpose, not by accident
The damage to the car was intentional, not an accident.

norm

something usual or accepted in a group or society
In many cultures, shaking hands is the norm when meeting someone.

ambition

a strong desire to reach a goal
Her ambition is to become a successful doctor.

blame

to say someone or something caused a mistake or problem
The teacher refused to blame any student for the error.

commitment

a promise to do something and keep doing it
She showed great commitment to her work.

diminish

to become smaller, weaker, or less effective
The medicine helped diminish the pain.

engagement

the act of getting involved or interacting with something
Her engagement to the company project was impressive.

hesitation

a pause or delay because of uncertainty or doubt
He showed hesitation before answering the question.

interpret

to explain or understand the meaning of something
It’s difficult to interpret his handwriting.

isolate

to separate something or someone from others
The researcher isolated the bacteria for further study.

observe

to watch something carefully
Scientists observe animals in their natural habitat.

withdraw

to move back or stop taking part in a group or activity
He decided to withdraw from the competition.

abroad

in or to a foreign country
Many students dream of working abroad after graduation.

brief

short in time or duration
The manager gave a brief explanation before starting the meeting.

phenomenon

an observable event, situation, or fact, often unusual or remarkable
The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon that attracts many tourists.

mirror

to reflect or show something
His actions mirror his true personality.

academic

related to education or learning
Academic performance is important for scholarships.

present

existing or happening now
All students must be present for the exam.

overwhelmed

feeling very strong emotions or unable to cope
She was overwhelmed with joy when she received the news.

highly

to a great degree or level
He is highly respected by his colleagues.

unemployment

the state of being without a job while actively seeking work
Unemployment rates rose after the economic crisis.

workforce

the group of people employed in a company or country
The company has a workforce of over 500 employees.

lockdown

a situation in which people are restricted from leaving an area
The city was under lockdown during the pandemic.

indeed

used to emphasize a statement or confirm something
Indeed, many people find learning languages challenging.