Listening Framework Pre-advanced 2 (E) Unit 02

contain

to hold or have within
The report contains detailed information about how pollution affects marine life.

force

the physical strength or power used to do something
Education can be a powerful force for social change.

respond

to react or do something when something happens
The company failed to respond quickly to customer complaints.

warning

something that tells you about danger
The teacher gave us a warning not to be late again.

antibacterial

being able to kill bacteria
This soap has antibacterial ingredients to keep your hands clean.

apply

to put something on
You must apply the new rule consistently if you want everyone to follow it.

burn

to give off heat, light, and gases
If you burn too much wood in the fireplace, the smoke may fill the entire room.

powder

a dry substance made of very small pieces
The medicine comes in a fine white powder that dissolves easily in water.

defend

to protect from harm
She defended her research results with strong evidence during the presentation.

extreme

being very strong or harsh
People living in the Arctic must adapt to extreme weather conditions throughout the year.

heal

to become healthy again after being ill or injured
Time can heal emotional wounds as well as physical ones.

natural

being from or produced by nature
The park is full of natural beauty with mountains, rivers, and trees.

remedy

something used to take away pain or cure an illness
Drinking warm tea with honey is a common home remedy for sore throats.

strategy

a plan to solve a problem or reach a goal
The company changed its marketing strategy to attract younger customers.

support

to help or give strength to something or someone
The charity supports children who cannot afford to go to school.

surprising

causing someone to feel shocked or amazed
It’s surprising how quickly technology has changed our daily lives.

survive

to stay alive or continue to exist
The hikers survived the cold night by staying close together for warmth.

treat

to do something to make an illness better
Doctors treated the patients with the newest form of therapy.

plant

a living thing that grows in the earth and has leaves or flowers
Indoor plants can improve air quality and make a room feel fresher.

pollen

a fine yellow powder from flowers that helps them reproduce
During spring, many people suffer from allergies caused by flower pollen.

cactus (pl. cacti)

a plant that grows in dry places and has thick stems with sharp spines
Cacti can store water in their thick stems to survive long periods of drought.

stem

the main part of a plant that supports leaves and flowers
The stem of the sunflower can grow taller than a person.

spine

a sharp, pointed part on a plant or animal
The cactus protects itself from animals with sharp spines.

scent

a pleasant smell
The scent of fresh flowers filled the entire garden.

insect

a small animal with six legs and a body divided into three parts
Some insects, like bees, play an important role in pollination.

corpse

the dead body of a person or animal
The detectives found a corpse buried near the riverbank.

rot

to decay or break down naturally
The fruit began to rot after being left in the sun for several days.

meat

the flesh of animals used as food
Some people choose not to eat meat for health or ethical reasons.

predator

an animal that hunts and eats other animals
Lions are natural predators that play a key role in controlling animal populations.

chemical

relating to chemistry
Scientists are studying the chemical properties of new materials.