an entry into a place for the purpose of taking control
His invasion of China was stopped by the cold winter.
migration
when many people or animals move to another place
We watched the migration of geese as they flew south for the winter.
replace
to get something new to put in the place of something that is old, broken or missing
Bob replaced the sink in the bathroom.
rune
A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
Runes are letters from an alphabet.
modern
the present or recent time modern music is different from the music in the past.
represent
to speak or act for a person or group
Kimchi represents the culture of Korea.
trade
the process of buying and selling of goods and services between people or countries
People used to use gold for trade.
ancient
very old
The museum has a lot of ancient artifacts.
foundation
a group that provides money for research
The foundations of the building were damaged by the severe earthquake.
structure
the form, shape, or construction of something
The grammatical structure of the two languages is quite different.
architecture
the art and science of designing and making buildings
She studied architecture in college.
expand
to get bigger
The Romans expanded their empire, and their way of life spread.
advanced
further along in complexity
The successful dogs now start advanced training.
establish
to begin or create something that is meant to last a long time
They established a strong central government that allied itself with Rome.
territory
an area of land or ocean controlled by a government or person
Animals often fight to protect their own territories.
official
allowed or accepted by someone with authority
Spanish is the official language of Venezuela.
bodily
of or relating to the body
The human body can be grouped into six basic bodily systems.
muscle
body tissue responsible for movement
If you exercise a lot, your muscles will become stronger.
bone
a hard part of the body
We should drink milk to strengthen our bones.
skeleton
the structure of bones that protects and supports the body of a human or animal, or a model of this structure
Adult humans have in their skeleton.
tissue
the material that forms the parts in a plant or animal
Our skeletal system is mostly made up of compact bone tissue.
tendon
a band of tough fibrous tissue
Muscles and bones are connected by tissue called tendons.
function
what it does
Bones also help with lots of important bodily functions.
protect
to defend from loss or attack
Our backbone protects our spinal cord, which carries messages between the brain to the rest of the body.
information
knowledge or details that let you know more about someone or something
But they are confused by all the information out there about how to do it.
requirement
something that is necessary
There are three equally important requirements for a healthy life: nutrition, exercise, and rest.
decision
a choice made after giving consideration
You won’t be healthy if you usually make unhealthy decisions.
consistent
always being or acting the same
Choices about nutrition, exercise, and sleep must be consistent and sustainable.
balance
a state in which weight is spread equally to prevent falling
Your body must have a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, or macronutrients.
option
a right to buy or sell something at a specified price during a specified period
Finally, replace the bad foods with healthier options.
vitamin
a substance that is healthy for your body and can be found in foods or taken as a medicine
It also needs vitamins and minerals, or micronutrients.
mineral
naturally occurring, inorganic material (almost always solid)
I always drink mineral water.
crystal
a small part of a substance that has many sides and is formed when the substance solidifies
A snowflake is an ice crystal.
hexagon
a flat, six-sided shape
All snowflakes start as a hexagon.
transform
change something dramatically
The caterpillar transformed into a butterfly.
stuck
not able to move
Other snowflakes are made of many ice crystals stuck together.
complex
hard to understand
Warm and wet weather produces snowflakes with complex shapes.
symmetrical
the quality of having balance and proportion
Snowflakes are symmetrical. This means they have the same pattern on both halves.
equilateral
Referring to a polygon all of whose sides are of equal length.
Snowflakes have right triangles, equilateral triangles.
isosceles
Having at least two sides of equal length, used especially of an isosceles triangle or isosceles trapezoid.
Snowflakes have isosceles triangles.
geometry
a branch of mathematics concerned with angles, measurement, and figures in space
We are studying geometry in math class.
season
a time of the year: spring, summer, fall, or winter
I was very interested because winter is my favorite season.
identical
the same
The teacher told us that no two snowflakes are identical.
discuss
to talk about something with another person
We discussed the different shapes and sizes.
tough
being strong physically or mentally and able to deal with difficult conditions
Ants are really strong and tough.
third
being in the rank or position of number three in a series
We live in the third house, after the two blue houses.
carefully
with great attention, especially to detail or safety
The baby carefully climbed down the stairs.
pattern
the standard way that something happens or is done
Each snowflake had a different pattern.
dark
being without light or without much light
If a room is dark, you can simply turn on the light without thinking.
available
easy to use or get
Whether it’s day or night, there is always light available.
rural
in the countryside
People in poorer and more rural areas don’t have access to electricity.
afford
to have enough money to pay for it
Even if there is electricity, many people can’t afford it.
install
to set something up, such as a piece of EQUIPMENT or a computer program, so that it is ready to use
It is installed in a small hole in the ceiling or roof.
ceiling
the top of a room
It is installed in a small hole in the ceiling or roof.
roof
the outside top part of a building
It is installed in a small hole in the ceiling or roof.
shine
to make a bright light
This way, sunlight shines through the water and lights the dark room.
aid
(usually with "in") to give help
The old woman walks with the aid of a cane.
distribute
to divide something among or give out to people
Helping sick people, distributing food, and building things are our job.
build
to assemble something
We help sick people, distribute food, and build things.
take care of
look after
We also take care of children.
abroad
done in a different country
I wanted to experience living abroad.
village
a very small community or town in the country
So I volunteered in a village in Kenya for one year.
valuable
being worth a lot of money
My experience in Kenya made me think about how valuable water and electricity are.
career
a job that someone does for a long time
Then see if you want to make it your career.
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