Whenever you find yourself reacting differently than you would if you had unlimited time, you’re acting out of neediness and won’t be reading people clearly. Stop and consider alternative courses of action before you go forward. It’s often best to find a temporary solution to begin with, and decide on a permanent one later. The parents urgently seeking child care could put their immediate efforts into convincing a friend or family member to help out for a week or two, buying them time to look for permanent help. If they can afford it, they can hire a professional nanny for a while. Temporary solutions may be more expensive or inconvenient in the short run, but they’ll give you the time you need to make a wise choice about your long-­term selection.

She just couldn’t take her eyes off it. Nor, for that matter, could she wait to try it on. Quickly she slipped off her own plain red coat. She was breathing fast now, she couldn’t help it, and her eyes were stretched very wide. But, the feel of that fur! The great black coat seemed to slide onto her almost by itself, like a second skin. It was the strangest feeling! She looked into the mirror. She looked wonderful, beautiful, and rich, all at the same time. And the sense of power that it gave her! In this coat she could walk into any place she wanted and people would come running around her like rabbits. The whole thing was just too wonderful for words!

The running boy was way ahead of him, but Roy figured ① he could stay close enough to keep him in sight. He knew the kid couldn’t go at full speed forever. ② He followed him for several blocks―over fences, through shrubbery, weaving through barking dogs and lawn sprinklers. Eventually Roy felt himself tiring. This kid is amazing, ③ he thought. Maybe he’s practicing for the track team. Once Roy thought he saw the boy glance over ④ his shoulder, as if he knew he was being pursued, but Roy couldn’t be certain. The boy was still far ahead of him, and Roy was gulping like a beached trout. His shirt was soaked and sweat poured off ⑤ his forehead, stinging his eyes.
  
*gulp: (숨을) 깊이[크게] 들이마시다

At Jayden Corporation, we are committed to safeguarding the privacy of all employees, former and current. If you receive a telephone, e­-mail, or written request for any information regarding a former employee, do not provide any details of employment. Please pass along the inquiry to Human Resources. Human Resources will determine whether any such inquiry is for legitimate reasons. In certain situations, the HR Department may contact a former employee to request permission to provide information to an outside agency, business, or individual. If there are any questions about this policy, please contact Human Resources.

Anxiety has been around for thousands of years. According to evolutionary psychologists, it is adaptive to the extent that it helped our ancestors avoid situations in which the margin of error between life and death was slim. Anxiety warned people when their lives were in danger: not only from wild tigers, cave bears, hungry hyenas, and other animals stalking the landscape, but also from hostile, competing tribes. Being on alert helped ancient people fight predators, flee from enemies, or “freeze,” blending in, as if camouflaged, so they wouldn’t be noticed. It mobilized them to react to real threats to their survival. It pushed them into keeping their children out of harm’s way. Anxiety thus persisted through evolution in a majority of the population because it was (and can be) an advantageous, life­-saving trait.

*camouflaged: 위장한

The first humans who figured out how to write things down around 5,000 years ago were in essence trying to increase the capacity of their hippocampus, part of the brain’s memory system. They effectively extended the natural limits of human memory by preserving some of their memories on clay tablets and cave walls, and later, papyrus and parchment. Later, we developed other mechanisms―such as calendars, filing cabinets, computers, and smartphones―to help us organize and store the information we’ve written down. When our computer or smartphone starts to run slowly, we might buy a larger memory card. That memory is both a metaphor and a physical reality. We are off-­loading a great deal of the processing that our neurons would normally do to an external device that then becomes an extension of our own brains, a neural enhancer.

*parchment: 양피지

The graph above shows the U.S. population’s average daily consumption of calories from sugar drinks from 2005 to 2008. ① In each age group, consumption of calories from sugar drinks is higher in males than females. ② In both genders, consumption of calories from sugar drinks increases until ages 12-­19 and then decreases with age. ③ Consumption of calories of males never falls below 70 kcal while that of females falls to 42 kcal in ages 60 and over. ④ The highest consumption of calories from sugar drinks is more than four times as much as the lowest consumption in each gender, respectively. ⑤ The gap between males’ and females’ consumption of calories from sugar drinks is the smallest among the group aged 2-­5.

Brooks Stevens was born in 1911 in Milwaukee. When he was struck down with polio at 8, his limbs stiffened and his right arm became virtually useless. Doctors predicted that he would not be able to walk again. Stevens’ father, however, was not a believer in bed rest. He piled sketchpads and model kits next to the boy’s bed and encouraged him to build miniature airplanes and boats. Stevens enrolled at Cornell University to study architecture but left Cornell without a diploma. Later, he returned to Milwaukee to work as an inventory manager. Bored and restless, he persuaded the head of his company to let him redesign some of the product labels. This opportunity was the first step towards Stevens’ career as an industrial designer. He opened his first office in 1935 and later created his own Auto Museum, which displayed both vehicles of his own design and those that he admired.

*polio: 소아마비

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Public Speaking Workshop

•Date:Friday, November 20th
•Time: 9:00a.m.-1:30p.m.
•Place: PI Business School(PBS)
•Fees: $95/$45 (Non-­PBS student/PBS student)

About the Course
￭You will get practical help in the preparation and delivery of presentations and/or speeches.
￭You will be recorded on camera and get one to one feedback. A recording of your presentation will be given to you on a memory stick.

After the Course
￭Participants will, upon request, receive a Certificate of Attendance from PBS.
Speaker
￭Barbara Moynihan is a leading learning and development facilitator. She has been providing training for over 15 years.

*Register online at www.pbs.com.
*Payment in full must be received before the workshop date.

For additional information, please visit our website.

The ability to think about why things work and what may be causing problems when events do not go as ① expected seems like an obvious aspect of the way we think. It is interesting that this ability to think about why things happen is one of the key abilities that separates human abilities from ② those of just about every other animal on the planet. Asking why allows people to create explanations. Issac Newton didn’t just see an apple ③ fall from a tree. He used that observation to help him figure out why it fell. Your car mechanic doesn’t just observe ④ that your car is not working. He figures out why it is not working using knowledge about why it usually does work properly. And anyone who has spent time with a five­-year-­old ⑤ knowing that children this age can test the limits of your patience by trying to get explanations for why everything works as it does.

Many times I have noticed coaches and parents choose the wrong time to explain concepts to children. A perfect example of this is while the children are playing a game. As a coach, the only time I would talk strategy was during a time-­out or after the game. This is because it is really difficult for children to play and listen at the same time. I would only say words of encouragement while the children were playing. You might have seen a father watching his son playing a game in a field, yelling at him to point out his errors. The game continues to be played while the child is trying to pay attention to what his father is telling him. Children need to be able to concentrate on the task at hand. Children can play, or they can listen, but like adults, it’s almost impossible for them to do both at once.

The best thing I did as a manager was to make every person in the company responsible for doing just one thing. I had started doing this just to simplify the task of managing people. But then I noticed a deeper result: defining roles (A) increased / reduced conflict. Most fights inside a company happen when colleagues compete for the same responsibilities. Startup companies face an especially high risk of this since job roles are (B) fluid / solid at the early stages. Eliminating competition makes it easier for everyone to build the kinds of long-­term relationships that transcend mere professionalism. More than that, internal peace is what enables a startup to survive at all. When a startup fails, we often imagine it surrendering to predatory rivals in a competitive ecosystem. But every company is also its own ecosystem, and internal conflict makes it (C) immune / vulnerable to outside threats.

*transcend: 초월하다

John Wooden, the great UCLA basketball coach who produced 10 NCAA championship teams in 12 years during the 1960s and 1970s, perfectly exemplified the power of _______________. In the fascinating film documentary The UCLA Dynasty, one player recalled, “There was a way to do everything. You could have taken UCLA people who played in 1955, 1965, 1970, and 1975; put them on the same team; and they would have been able to play with each other, instantly.” Wooden ran his drills with rare modifications over the course of three decades. Drills would start and end like clockwork, the same drills performed before the national championship as at the beginning of the season so that, in the words of a star player, “By the time the games came along, they just became memorized exhibitions of brilliance.”

Although trust may require a meaningful relationship to satisfy its more demanding analysts, it need not _____________________. When A is a person and B is a bank, A may trust B to keep her money safe although she does not imagine for a moment that the bank feels warmly disposed to her, and she may well suspect that it will assert its interests at her expense when it gets a chance to impose charges or manipulate interest rates. If A enters hospital and is examined by Doctor B, she may trust B’s professional expertise and integrity even though B appears indifferent to her as a person. Until relatively recently indifference on the part of medical professionals, or plain rudeness, was if anything regarded as a sign of trustworthiness: it implied the objectivity needed for expertise, and asserted the superior status that medical expertise granted.

What distinguishes recycling is not its importance, but rather the ease with which individuals can participate, and the visibility of actions taken to promote the common good. You may care passionately about the threat of global warming or the destruction of the rain forests―but you can’t have an immediate effect on these problems that is perceptible to yourself or others. The rain forest salvation truck doesn’t make weekly pickups, let alone the clean air truck. When a public opinion poll in 1990 asked people what they had done in connection with environmental problems, 80 to 85% answered that they or their households had participated in various aspects of recycling; no other significant steps had been taken by a majority of respondents. Like the drunk looking for his wallet under the lamppost, we may focus on recycling because it ________________________________________.

*salvation: 보호, 구제

When we examine individual behavior and the impact of perception on that behavior, it is important to remember that people see what they either want to see or are trained to see. ___(A)___, in terms of human relations, the manager must try to understand the worker’s perception of reality. Employees willingly accept management’s methods only when they perceive those methods to be in the employees’ best interests. Otherwise, they will resort to such perceptual traps as selective perception and stereotyping. ___(B)___, Harvey Lester, a new employee, has been having trouble mastering his new job. His boss, Lois, tells him that if he does not improve, she will have to let him go. Feeling that he is on the verge of being fired, Harvey quits. What Lois saw as a mild warning designed to improve output is interpreted as a threat resulting in a resignation. Each party interpreted the action differently.

It is impossible to imagine a modern city without glass. ① On the one hand, we expect our buildings to protect us from the weather: this is what they are for, after all. ② And yet, faced with a prospective new home or place of work, one of the first questions people ask is: how much natural light is there? ③ The glass buildings that rise every day in a modern city are the engineering answer to these conflicting desires: to be at once sheltered from the wind, the cold, and the rain, to be secure from intrusion and thieves, but not to live in darkness. ④ Although glass is an affordable building material, glass engineering is expensive, causing the glass building market to be exclusive. ⑤ The life we lead indoors, which for many of us is the vast majority of our time, is made light and delightful by glass.

The potential of access to a particular medium is shaped by the technological characteristics of the medium concerned. Access to TV sets and telephones is not the same as access to computers and networks.

(A) However, multi­-functionality also results in extremely different applications, both advanced, with many opportunities to learn and build a career, and simple, mainly focused on entertainment. Other characteristics decreasing equality of access are the complexity, expensiveness and lack of user­-friendliness of many contemporary new media.

(B) All media have characteristics supporting and discouraging access. Computers and their networks support access because they are multi­-purpose or multi­-functional technologies enabling all kinds of information, communication, transaction, work, education and entertainment.

(C) So, there are useful applications for everybody. Moreover, the extension of networks produces network effects: the more people gain access, the more valuable a connection becomes.

In a crowded world, an unmanaged commons cannot possibly work. That is an important qualification. If the world is not crowded, a commons may in fact be the best method of distribution.

(A) A plainsman could kill an American bison, cut out only the tongue for his dinner, and discard the rest of the animal. He was not being wasteful in any important sense. Nor did it much matter how a lonely American frontiersman disposed of his waste.

(B) For example, when the pioneers spread out across the United States, the most efficient way was to treat all the game in the wild as an unmanaged commons because for a long time humans couldn’t do any real damage.

(C) Today, with only a few thousand bison left, we would be outraged by such careless behavior. As the population in the United States became denser, the land’s natural chemical and biological recycling processes were overloaded. Careful management of these resources became necessary, from bison to oil and water.

*commons: 공동 자원, 공유지 **game: 야생의 사냥감

In desperation, many Irish farmers resorted to cultivating wetlands or rocky hillsides.

The Irish overreliance on potatoes was worsened by certain economic trends in the early 19th century.( ① )The development of the British textile industry, for example, made the traditional handicraft sector useless, destroying a key mechanism for achieving food security for the Irish rural poor.( ② )A second negative trend was falling real wages and rising rents, which gradually reduced the relative standard of living of wage-­dependent Irish.( ③ )But this unproductive land left such farmers at a chronic risk of starvation.( ④ )Another sign of Irish poverty was the increased reliance of the poor on the “lumper” variety of potato, a watery, tasteless potato that nonetheless could produce impressive yields even on substandard soil.( ⑤ ) Unfortunately this potato proved particularly vulnerable to the potato blight of 1845­-52.

*blight: (식물의) 마름병

The old idea of innate intelligence has had a major effect on this categorizing and labelling of children.

In the last twenty years or so research on the brain has radically changed the way intelligence is understood. There is now considerable controversy surrounding the notion of general intelligence.( ① )Some of our intelligence may indeed be inherited, but our life experience is now thought to have a profound effect upon intelligence.( ② )Scientists have suggested that intelligence changes and modifies as one progresses through life.( ③ )This finding has not yet impacted on schooling in any significant way.( ④ )When asked to describe a class they had met for the first time, some teachers immediately divided the children into three groups, the bright, the middle­-of­-the­-road and the “no hopers.”( ⑤ )It has contributed to many children growing up with the mistaken idea that they are not intelligent and cannot succeed in education.

Research by Paul Slovic of Decision Research and the University of Oregon shows that people who are otherwise caring and would go out of their way to help another individual become indifferent to the suffering of the masses. In one experiment, people were given $5 to donate to lessen hunger overseas. The first choice was to give the money to a particular child, Rokia, a seven-­year­-old in Mali. The second choice was to help twenty-­one million hungry Africans. The third choice was to help Rokia, but as just one of many victims of hunger. Can you guess which choice was most popular? Slovic reported that donations to the individual, Rokia, were far greater than donations to the second choice, the statistical portrayal of the hunger crisis. That’s not particularly surprising. But what is surprising, and some would say discouraging, is that adding the statistical realities of the larger hunger problem to Rokia’s story significantly reduced the contributions to Rokia.

An experiment shows that while people are more willing to help ___(A)___ in need, they become indifferent when given the ___(B)___ perspective of hunger.

Like few other institutions in American life, baseball, football, basketball, and hockey are a source of social glue and civic pride. From Yankee Stadium in New York to Candlestick Park in San Francisco, sports stadiums are the cathedrals of our civil religion, public spaces that gather people from different walks of life in rituals of loss and hope.
But professional sports is not only a source of civic identity. It is also a business. And in recent decades, the money in sports has been crowding out the community. It would be an exaggeration to say that naming rights and corporate sponsorships have ruined the experience of rooting for the home team. Still, changing the name of a civic landmark changes its meaning. This is one reason why Detroit fans mourned when Tiger Stadium, named for the team, gave way to Comerica Park, named for a bank.
When fans go to the ballpark or arena, they don’t go primarily for the sake of a civic experience. They go to see David Ortiz hit a home run in the bottom of the ninth, or to see Tom Brady throw a touchdown pass in the final seconds of the game. But the ___________ character of the setting conveys a civic teaching―that we are all in this together, that for a few hours at least, we share a sense of place and civic pride. As stadiums become less like landmarks and more like billboards, the social bonds and civic sentiments they inspire fade.

Like few other institutions in American life, baseball, football, basketball, and hockey are a source of social glue and civic pride. From Yankee Stadium in New York to Candlestick Park in San Francisco, sports stadiums are the cathedrals of our civil religion, public spaces that gather people from different walks of life in rituals of loss and hope.
But professional sports is not only a source of civic identity. It is also a business. And in recent decades, the money in sports has been crowding out the community. It would be an exaggeration to say that naming rights and corporate sponsorships have ruined the experience of rooting for the home team. Still, changing the name of a civic landmark changes its meaning. This is one reason why Detroit fans mourned when Tiger Stadium, named for the team, gave way to Comerica Park, named for a bank.
When fans go to the ballpark or arena, they don’t go primarily for the sake of a civic experience. They go to see David Ortiz hit a home run in the bottom of the ninth, or to see Tom Brady throw a touchdown pass in the final seconds of the game. But the ___________ character of the setting conveys a civic teaching―that we are all in this together, that for a few hours at least, we share a sense of place and civic pride. As stadiums become less like landmarks and more like billboards, the social bonds and civic sentiments they inspire fade.

(A)
In Mesa, I met a woman named Mazi, who shared her story. In 1979, Mazi was living with her son and her mother in Ajmer. Many dogs roamed the streets in Ajmer, and that summer Mazi befriended one. Every day a little brown dog came to her home, searching for food and shelter from the hot sun. Mazi looked forward to the visits, especially when (a) she noticed the dog’s belly swelling with a litter of puppies. With the monsoon season approaching, Mazi, like everyone else in Ajmer, prepared for two to three months of intensified rainfall.

(B)
And then, (b) she turned around and repeated the whole exhausting effort in reverse: back to the door, through the house, and up to the roof, while holding the dog above the water. “I continue to be amazed at the enormous physical strength and strength of purpose that filled me that day,” Mazi stressed, “especially since I didn’t know how to swim! But, I loved that little dog. I was so afraid (c) she would be swept away before I could reach her! Since then I have known: I have strength!”

(C)
Strength emerged in the form of determination, and it rose within Mazi like the water rising around her. Without hesitation, she worked her way down the stairs and through the house. Pushing through chest­high water, hardly able to see in the darkness, Mazi finally reached the front door. There, with a mixture of resolve and physical strength, (d) she forced the door open and pressed on through the floodwater to the wall. Despite the pressure of the water, Mazi stood steadily and lifted the dog from the wall.

(D)
That summer, the rains were heavy. On July 19, when the water reached flood proportions, Mazi, her son, and her mom climbed the stairs of their one-­story home to the rooftop. As the sky darkened and the rain poured, they watched as cattle and furniture rushed by in a massive, muddy river. “Suddenly, I noticed a dog―that dog―standing dangerously on the wall surrounding our house. It was as if my heart burst open,” (e) she said. “I had to save her.”

(A)
In Mesa, I met a woman named Mazi, who shared her story. In 1979, Mazi was living with her son and her mother in Ajmer. Many dogs roamed the streets in Ajmer, and that summer Mazi befriended one. Every day a little brown dog came to her home, searching for food and shelter from the hot sun. Mazi looked forward to the visits, especially when (a) she noticed the dog’s belly swelling with a litter of puppies. With the monsoon season approaching, Mazi, like everyone else in Ajmer, prepared for two to three months of intensified rainfall.

(B)
And then, (b) she turned around and repeated the whole exhausting effort in reverse: back to the door, through the house, and up to the roof, while holding the dog above the water. “I continue to be amazed at the enormous physical strength and strength of purpose that filled me that day,” Mazi stressed, “especially since I didn’t know how to swim! But, I loved that little dog. I was so afraid (c) she would be swept away before I could reach her! Since then I have known: I have strength!”

(C)
Strength emerged in the form of determination, and it rose within Mazi like the water rising around her. Without hesitation, she worked her way down the stairs and through the house. Pushing through chest­high water, hardly able to see in the darkness, Mazi finally reached the front door. There, with a mixture of resolve and physical strength, (d) she forced the door open and pressed on through the floodwater to the wall. Despite the pressure of the water, Mazi stood steadily and lifted the dog from the wall.

(D)
That summer, the rains were heavy. On July 19, when the water reached flood proportions, Mazi, her son, and her mom climbed the stairs of their one-­story home to the rooftop. As the sky darkened and the rain poured, they watched as cattle and furniture rushed by in a massive, muddy river. “Suddenly, I noticed a dog―that dog―standing dangerously on the wall surrounding our house. It was as if my heart burst open,” (e) she said. “I had to save her.”

(A)
In Mesa, I met a woman named Mazi, who shared her story. In 1979, Mazi was living with her son and her mother in Ajmer. Many dogs roamed the streets in Ajmer, and that summer Mazi befriended one. Every day a little brown dog came to her home, searching for food and shelter from the hot sun. Mazi looked forward to the visits, especially when (a) she noticed the dog’s belly swelling with a litter of puppies. With the monsoon season approaching, Mazi, like everyone else in Ajmer, prepared for two to three months of intensified rainfall.

(B)
And then, (b) she turned around and repeated the whole exhausting effort in reverse: back to the door, through the house, and up to the roof, while holding the dog above the water. “I continue to be amazed at the enormous physical strength and strength of purpose that filled me that day,” Mazi stressed, “especially since I didn’t know how to swim! But, I loved that little dog. I was so afraid (c) she would be swept away before I could reach her! Since then I have known: I have strength!”

(C)
Strength emerged in the form of determination, and it rose within Mazi like the water rising around her. Without hesitation, she worked her way down the stairs and through the house. Pushing through chest­high water, hardly able to see in the darkness, Mazi finally reached the front door. There, with a mixture of resolve and physical strength, (d) she forced the door open and pressed on through the floodwater to the wall. Despite the pressure of the water, Mazi stood steadily and lifted the dog from the wall.

(D)
That summer, the rains were heavy. On July 19, when the water reached flood proportions, Mazi, her son, and her mom climbed the stairs of their one-­story home to the rooftop. As the sky darkened and the rain poured, they watched as cattle and furniture rushed by in a massive, muddy river. “Suddenly, I noticed a dog―that dog―standing dangerously on the wall surrounding our house. It was as if my heart burst open,” (e) she said. “I had to save her.”