My dear Harriet,

I was so delighted to receive your letter and to learn that you have been accepted to Royal Holloway. It’s a good college and I know that the history department there is particularly strong. I can see why it was your first choice, and I am very pleased for you. You worked hard to enter that college, and you deserve your success. I’m so proud of you. Well done, Harriet! I send you my best wishes for a happy time at university.

With my love,
Elaine
① 추천서  작성을  부탁하려고
② 대학에  합격한  것을  축하하려고
③ 장학금  신청  절차를  안내하려고
④ 졸업  후  진로에  대해  조언하려고
⑤ 전공과목에  대한  정보를  제공하려고

Some people need money more than we do. For example, some people have lost their homes due to natural disasters or war, while others don’t have enough food or clothing. So this year, for our birthdays, let’s tell our friends and family to donate money to a charity instead of buying us presents. I know that some kids might not want to give up their birthday presents, and I understand. However, remember that we can live without new toys or games more easily than someone can live without food, clothing, or shelter. So, we should tell our friends and family that, for our birthdays this year, we want to give to others.
① 생일  파티를  간소하게  하자.
② 부모님께  감사하는  마음을  갖자.
③ 사용하지  않는  물건을  자선단체에  기부하자.
④ 값비싼  선물보다는  정성이  담긴  편지를  쓰자.
⑤ 생일  선물에  드는  비용으로  어려운  사람을  돕자.

When you skip breakfast, you are like a car trying to run without fuel. Experts say that a nutritious breakfast is the brain’s fuel. A brain that is fully fueled concentrates better and solves problems faster. Some students say that getting a few extra minutes of sleep is more important than eating a bowl of oatmeal, but they’re wrong. Of course, sleeping is important, but going to bed a half-­hour earlier would be better than sleeping late and skipping breakfast. For students who want to do well in school, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Give your brain the fuel it needs to run well. To think more clearly and faster, eat a good breakfast.
① 청소년에게  적당한  수면  시간
② 두뇌  활동에  도움이  되는  음식
③ 수면  부족이  학업에  미치는  영향
④ 학생에게  있어서  아침  식사의  중요성
⑤ 좋은  성적을  얻기  위한  바람직한  학습  태도

Dr. John Ross was well-­known for helping his patients. Many of his patients were poor farmers, and they could not always afford to pay Dr. Ross’s small fee. The good doctor would accept vegetables, eggs, or even a simple “thank you” in payment. One winter afternoon, he went to a house to see a child with a fever. The girl’s family had run out of the firewood they needed to keep their tiny house warm. Dr. Ross grabbed a spare blanket from his car and told the father to bathe his daughter’s forehead with cool water. Then Dr. Ross left to take care of other patients. After setting a broken leg, delivering a baby, and cleaning an infected finger, he returned to the sick child’s house with a load of firewood. He built a fire for the little girl and her family.

*deliver: 출산을 돕다
① A  Warm­-Hearted  Doctor
② Folk  Medicine  Really  Works
③ The  Importance  of  Family  Love
④ A  Little  Knowledge  Is  Dangerous
⑤ A  Doctor  Who  Couldn’t  Cure  Himself

Problems can appear to be unsolvable. We are social animals who need to discuss our problems with others. When we are alone, problems become more serious. By sharing, we can get opinions and find solutions. An experiment was conducted with a group of women who had low satisfaction in life. Some of the women were introduced to others who were in similar situations, and some of the women were left on their own to deal with their concerns. Those who interacted with others reduced their concerns by 55 percent over time, but those who were left on their own showed no improvement.
① 상대방의  의견을  존중하는  자세가  필요하다.
② 대부분의  걱정거리는  시간이  지나면  해결된다.
③ 사람들과  함께  있어도  외로움을  느낄  수  있다.
④ 해결할  수  없는  문제는  빨리  단념하는  것이  좋다.
⑤ 다른  사람들과  문제를  공유하면  해결에  도움이  된다.

Ester awoke one morning to the sound of a heavily pouring April shower. She looked out her window and saw the rain slowly beginning to fade. A brilliant curved arc of colors crossed the sky. It was a beautiful rainbow. Ester leaped from her bed with delight, dashed into the living room, and shouted, “Mom, come here. Look at this beautiful rainbow! It is gorgeous!” “Ester, calm down,” her mother said, as she followed her daughter to the window where she could see the rainbow. And there it was! A brilliance of beautiful colors that lit up the sky! It was the first rainbow that Ester had ever seen.

*arc: 둥근[활] 모양
① jealous
② excited
③ worried
④ ashamed
⑤ depressed

The addax is a kind of antelope found in some areas in the Sahara Desert. It has twisted horns and short, thick legs. It is an endangered mammal and there are only about 500 left in the wild. The head and body length of the addax measures 150-170 centimeters. Males are slightly taller than females. The coat of the addax changes in color depending on the season. In winter, the addax is grayish­brown with white legs. During summer, their coat gets lighter, and is almost completely white. The addax prefers sandy desert areas and stony deserts. The addax is mostly active at night due to the heat of the desert.

*antelope: (동물) 영양 **coat: (동물의) 털
① 다리가  짧고  두껍다.
② 멸종  위기에  처해  있다.
③ 수컷이  암컷보다  약간  더  크다.
④ 계절에  따라  털  색깔이  변한다.
⑤ 주로  낮에  활동적이다.

Farm Experience Days

Come and enjoy our Farm Experience Days.

Here are some activities you can enjoy:
∎ Collect eggs from our hens
∎ Feed the cows, sheep, and pigs
∎ Walk around the farm to learn about the animals
-­ The activities of the day may change according to the weather.
­- The fee is $50 per person. This includes a hearty, homemade lunch.
- ­Reservations are required.
­- We’re only open on weekdays.
For more information, please call us at 5252-­7088.
① 소,  양,  돼지에게  먹이를  줄  수  있다.
② 날씨에  따라  당일  체험  활동이  달라질  수  있다.
③ 점심  비용이  참가비에  포함되어  있다.
④ 예약이  필요하다.
⑤ 주말에도  이용할  수  있다.

Bicycle Safety Class

∎ Place:Nightingale High School
∎ Date:March 20, 2015
∎ Time: 3:00p.m.-5:00p.m.

We encourage you to bring your own bicycle, but we also have bicycles for rent.

∎ Fee: $10 per person (Educational materials and snacks are included.)
∎ The first 15 people get a free helmet.
∎ Topics Covered: Rules of the Road, Cyclists’ Rights, ABC Quick Check, Route Selection

For more information, please contact us.
Email: miguel@bsc.org
Phone: 626-­375-­6799
① 이틀에  걸쳐서  진행된다.
② 오전에  열린다.
③ 대여용  자전거가  있다.
④ 참가비에  간식  비용이  포함되지  않는다.
⑤ 모든  참가자에게  헬멧을  무료로  준다.

The graph above shows rice exports by four major exporters in 2012 and 2013. ① No other country exported more rice than India in 2012. ② In both years, Pakistan exported the smallest amount of rice of the four countries. ③ In 2012, the amount of rice exported by India was about three times larger than that exported by Pakistan. ④ The amount of rice exported by Thailand in 2013 decreased, compared with the previous year. ⑤ In 2013, Thailand exported almost the same amount of rice as Vietnam.

One cool thing about my Uncle Arthur was ① what he could always pick the best places to camp. One time, we went to Garrison Rock. Uncle Arthur said that the Indians stayed there. On trips like this, he would always have a good story ② to tell. His stories were always aimed at ③ helping us children use our brains to get out of trouble. For example, one story was about a guy being ④ chased by a big dog. They ran into a field. We kids were thinking that the dog would catch him. But the guy saw a bathtub in the field. He ran to the bathtub and ⑤ pulled it over himself. The dog just barked and barked until it went away. Then the guy came out of the bathtub, and went home.

When Gandhi was fifteen, he stole a piece of gold from his brother’s bracelet. Gandhi was so troubled by his guilt that one day ① he decided to tell his father what he had done. He wrote a letter asking his father to punish ② him. Then, Gandhi handed the letter to his father who was lying ill in bed. His father quietly sat up and read the letter and soaked it with ③ his tears. A little later, his father tore up the letter. Through his father’s action of tearing up the letter, Gandhi knew ④ he was forgiven. From that day on, ⑤ he always kept his father’s tears and love in his heart and went on to be a great leader.

*soak: (흠뻑) 적시다 **tear: 눈물; 찢다

The laser pointer, which became popular in the 1990s, was at first typically thick to hold in the hand. Before long, such pointers came in slimmer pocket models and became easier to handle. Still, the laser pointer had its own (A) strengths / weaknesses. Batteries were required and had to be replaced, and the shaky hand movements of a nervous lecturer were (B) hidden / shown in the sudden motion of the glowing red dot. Moreover, the red dot could be difficult to see against certain backgrounds, thus making the laser pointer (C) inferior / superior even to a simple stick. To correct this problem, more advanced and thus more expensive green­-beam laser pointers came to be introduced.
① strengths  ……  shown  ……  inferior
② strengths  ……  hidden  ……  superior
③ weaknesses  ……  shown  ……  superior
④ weaknesses  ……  hidden  ……  superior
⑤ weaknesses  ……  shown  ……  inferior

Armand Hammer was a great businessman who died in 1990 at the age of ninety­-two. He was once asked how a man of his age had the energy to continually travel the world to do business and meet with heads of governments. He said, “I love my work. I can’t wait to start a new day. I never wake up without being full of ideas. Everything is a challenge.” George Bernard Shaw, one of the most successful writers of all time, said something similar about a hundred years earlier. He wrote, “I want to be thoroughly used up when I die, for the harder I work, the more I live.” I think Hammer and Shaw would have agreed with me that nothing can replace ______________ in life.

*thoroughly: 완전히, 철저히
① hard  work
② true  friendship
③ good  education
④ witty  comments
⑤ careful  planning

Let me give you a piece of advice that might change your mind about ___________________. Suppose that your doctor said that you have six months to live and recommended that you do everything you ever wanted to do. What would you do? Have you always wanted to sky dive, or climb cliffs, or maybe live alone in the woods for a month but been afraid you might be harmed? What difference would it make if you now attempted it? You’d almost certainly live through it and it would enrich the time you had left. Wouldn’t it be nice to go out saying you had faced all your fears? Why do you wait till you have a death sentence? If it’s that important to you, do it now.

*death sentence: 사형 선고
① being  courageous
② helping  others
③ making  friends
④ recovering  health
⑤ encouraging  patients

It is not always easy to eat well when you have a newborn baby. It can seem like you do not have time to prepare tasty nutritious meals or even to eat them. You will need to learn the following trick. Try not to wait until ___________________. When you have a newborn baby, preparing food will probably take longer than usual. If you start when you are already hungry, you will be absolutely starving before the food is ready. When you are starving and tired, eating healthy is difficult. You may want to eat fatty fast food, chocolates, cookies or chips. This type of food is okay sometimes, but not every day.
① your  baby  cries  to  be  fed  at  night
② you  find  a  new  recipe  for  your  meal
③ you  are  really  hungry  to  think  about  eating
④ your  kids  finish  all  the  food  on  their  plates
⑤ you  feel  like  taking  a  nap  after  a  heavy  meal

All living languages change, but the rate of change varies from time to time and from language to language. ___(A)___, the modern Icelander does not find it very difficult to read the Icelandic sagas from the Middle Ages. This is because the rate of change in Icelandic has always been slow, ever since the country was ruled by Norwegians a thousand years ago and Icelandic history began. ___(B)___, the English find an English document of the year 1300 very difficult to understand unless they have special training. And an English document of the year 900 seems to them to be written in a foreign language. They may think, mistakenly, that it has no connection with Modern English.

*saga: (특히 노르웨이ㆍ아이슬란드의) 영웅 전설
① For  example  ……  In  addition
② For  example  ……  In  contrast
③ Similarly  ……  In  short
④ Instead  ……  In  short
⑤ Instead  ……  In  contrast

Music study enriches all the learning―in reading, math, and other subjects―that children do at school. ① It also helps to develop language and communication skills. ② As children grow, musical training continues to help them develop the discipline and self-­confidence needed to achieve in school. ③ Studying while listening to music causes students to have a difficult time learning the material. ④ The day­-to­-day practice in music, along with setting goals and reaching them, develops self­-discipline, patience, and responsibility. ⑤ That discipline carries over to other areas, such as doing homework and other school projects on time and keeping materials organized.

*discipline: 자제력

I took a job on the night shift because the money was much better.

(A) I took a slightly longer break than usual and my boss wasn’t too happy about that. So, we couldn’t do it very often, but I loved it when they came.

(B) Unfortunately, working at night meant I could no longer have dinner with my wife and kids. A sandwich in the cafeteria isn’t exactly the same thing as a hot meal at home.

(C) One night, my wife surprised me by packing up the kids and dinner and coming to see me at work. The five of us sat around the cafeteria table and it was the best meal I’d had in a long time.

*night shift: 야간 근무
① (A)  －  (C)  －  (B)
② (B)  －  (A)  －  (C)
③ (B)  －  (C)  －  (A)
④ (C)  －  (A)  －  (B)
⑤ (C)  －  (B)  －  (A)

Detective work is a two­-part process. First, a detective must find the clues. But the clues alone don’t solve the case.

(A) The same sort of process takes place in reading. You need to look for clues and then draw conclusions based on those clues.

(B) What is the writer trying to say? Good conclusions come from good observations. To be a better reader, be more like Sherlock Holmes: be more observant.

(C) The detective must also draw conclusions based on those clues. These conclusions are also called inferences. Inferences are conclusions based on reasons, facts, or evidence.

*observant: 관찰력이 있는
① (A)  －  (C)  －  (B)
② (B)  －  (A)  －  (C)
③ (B)  －  (C)  －  (A)
④ (C)  －  (A)  －  (B)
⑤ (C)  －  (B)  －  (A)

However, shoppers should understand that getting any of these sources of information has costs.

Shoppers usually have a limited amount of money to spend and a limited amount of time to shop. ( ① ) It is important to realize that shopping is really a search for information. ( ② ) You may obtain information from an advertisement, a friend, a salesperson, a label, a magazine article, the Internet, or several other sources. ( ③ ) You may also gain information from actual use of the product, such as trying on a dress, test-­driving a car, or taking advantage of a promotion at a fitness center. ( ④ ) These costs may include transportation costs and time. ( ⑤ ) Only you can decide whether to take the costs or not.

*promotion: 판촉 행사

This is not the case for people who live in the suburbs.

For the most part, people who live or work in cities walk throughout the day―to go from the parking lot to the office, to shop, and to run errands. ( ① ) It’s often easier and cheaper to walk a few blocks than to wait for a taxi or subway. ( ② ) In this way, exercise can be structured into the daily routine. ( ③ ) Because the suburbs are spread out, it’s too far to walk to the office or run to the store. ( ④ ) Walking to the bus stop used to provide at least some movement, but now most public transportation is limited, so suburban people drive everywhere. ( ⑤ ) The price they pay is limited physical movement during the day.

*suburb: 교외  **run errands: 용무를 보다

Natural boundaries between states or countries are found along rivers, lakes, deserts, and mountain ranges. Among them, river boundaries would seem to be ideal: they provide clear separation, and they are established and recognized physical features. In reality, however, river boundaries can change as rivers change course. Following flooding, a river’s course may shift, altering the boundary between states or countries. For example, the Rio Grande, separating the United States and Mexico, has frequently shifted its course, causing problems in determining the exact location of the international boundary.

*boundary: 경계

A river seems to be ideal in ___(A)___ boundaries, but in fact it isn’t, because its course is ___(B)___.
① establishing  ……  invisible
② establishing  ……  changeable
③ removing  ……  fixed
④ linking  ……  fixed
⑤ linking  ……  changeable

A few years ago, I asked two groups of people to spend an afternoon picking up trash in a park. I told them that they were participating in an experiment to examine the best way to make people take care of their local parks. One group was paid very well for their time, but the other was only given a small amount of cash. After an hour of hard, boring work, everyone rated how much they enjoyed the afternoon. You might think that those who earned a lot of money would have been more positive than those who earned very little.
In fact, the result was the exact opposite. The average enjoyment for the well­paid group was only 2 out of 10, while the poorly paid group’s average rating was an amazing 8.5. It seemed that those who had been paid well thought, “Well, people usually pay me to do things I dislike. I was paid a large amount, so I must dislike cleaning the park.” In contrast, those who received less money thought, “I don’t need to be paid much to do something I enjoy. I worked for very little pay, so I must have enjoyed cleaning the park.” According to the result of this study, it seems that giving excessive___________ may have a negative effect on the attitude of the people doing the work.
① Does  More  Money  Make  Us  Work  More  Happily?
② Can  You  Be  Happy  When  Others  Are  Sad?
③ Is  Following  Your  Heart  Always  Right?
④ Enjoy  Your  Work  and  You  Will  Become  Rich
⑤ Pay  More  and  Your  Employees  Will  Work  Harder

A few years ago, I asked two groups of people to spend an afternoon picking up trash in a park. I told them that they were participating in an experiment to examine the best way to make people take care of their local parks. One group was paid very well for their time, but the other was only given a small amount of cash. After an hour of hard, boring work, everyone rated how much they enjoyed the afternoon. You might think that those who earned a lot of money would have been more positive than those who earned very little.
In fact, the result was the exact opposite. The average enjoyment for the well­paid group was only 2 out of 10, while the poorly paid group’s average rating was an amazing 8.5. It seemed that those who had been paid well thought, “Well, people usually pay me to do things I dislike. I was paid a large amount, so I must dislike cleaning the park.” In contrast, those who received less money thought, “I don’t need to be paid much to do something I enjoy. I worked for very little pay, so I must have enjoyed cleaning the park.” According to the result of this study, it seems that giving excessive___________ may have a negative effect on the attitude of the people doing the work.
① rewards
② criticism
③ stress
④ attention
⑤ expectations

(A)
My husband David called me on my cell phone the week before our daughter’s wedding and said, “We have a problem.” He told me that the electric company announced a future power outage in our neighborhood to allow for a major repair. The real problem was that we were going to have the power outage on the day of the wedding.

*power outage: 정전

(B)
So we got up early on Sunday morning, and found a generator parked right outside of our house―it was (a) her solution. That’s right―our house was connected to electricity all day from our own private generator while the rest of the neighborhood had a blackout! It was amazing. Rosa made it clear that our happiness was important to (b) her as well. There are truly people with big hearts. Kindness is still alive.

*generator:발전기

(C)
I called the electric company to ask, or rather to beg, them to put off the repair work since we really, really needed our house to prepare for the wedding(makeup, hair, etc.). I was immediately transferred to a manager named Rosa. She understood the problem and explained that they absolutely couldn’t reschedule the power outage, but (c) she would see what she could do.

(D)
Two days later, Rosa called to say that they could not let only our house keep its electricity. Then she said, “We can let you use a room in our company’s building.” I was surprised and asked if (d) she had ever done that. She said, “Actually, it’s happened before.” The next day, Rosa called again in a happy voice and said that she had found a solution. She told me that my daughter would be able to use electricity and prepare for (e) her wedding at home.
① (B)  －  (D)  －  (C)
② (C)  －  (B)  －  (D)
③ (C)  －  (D)  －  (B)
④ (D)  －  (B)  －  (C)
⑤ (D)  －  (C)  －  (B)

(A)
My husband David called me on my cell phone the week before our daughter’s wedding and said, “We have a problem.” He told me that the electric company announced a future power outage in our neighborhood to allow for a major repair. The real problem was that we were going to have the power outage on the day of the wedding.

*power outage: 정전

(B)
So we got up early on Sunday morning, and found a generator parked right outside of our house―it was (a) her solution. That’s right―our house was connected to electricity all day from our own private generator while the rest of the neighborhood had a blackout! It was amazing. Rosa made it clear that our happiness was important to (b) her as well. There are truly people with big hearts. Kindness is still alive.

*generator:발전기

(C)
I called the electric company to ask, or rather to beg, them to put off the repair work since we really, really needed our house to prepare for the wedding(makeup, hair, etc.). I was immediately transferred to a manager named Rosa. She understood the problem and explained that they absolutely couldn’t reschedule the power outage, but (c) she would see what she could do.

(D)
Two days later, Rosa called to say that they could not let only our house keep its electricity. Then she said, “We can let you use a room in our company’s building.” I was surprised and asked if (d) she had ever done that. She said, “Actually, it’s happened before.” The next day, Rosa called again in a happy voice and said that she had found a solution. She told me that my daughter would be able to use electricity and prepare for (e) her wedding at home.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A)
My husband David called me on my cell phone the week before our daughter’s wedding and said, “We have a problem.” He told me that the electric company announced a future power outage in our neighborhood to allow for a major repair. The real problem was that we were going to have the power outage on the day of the wedding.

*power outage: 정전

(B)
So we got up early on Sunday morning, and found a generator parked right outside of our house―it was (a) her solution. That’s right―our house was connected to electricity all day from our own private generator while the rest of the neighborhood had a blackout! It was amazing. Rosa made it clear that our happiness was important to (b) her as well. There are truly people with big hearts. Kindness is still alive.

*generator:발전기

(C)
I called the electric company to ask, or rather to beg, them to put off the repair work since we really, really needed our house to prepare for the wedding(makeup, hair, etc.). I was immediately transferred to a manager named Rosa. She understood the problem and explained that they absolutely couldn’t reschedule the power outage, but (c) she would see what she could do.

(D)
Two days later, Rosa called to say that they could not let only our house keep its electricity. Then she said, “We can let you use a room in our company’s building.” I was surprised and asked if (d) she had ever done that. She said, “Actually, it’s happened before.” The next day, Rosa called again in a happy voice and said that she had found a solution. She told me that my daughter would be able to use electricity and prepare for (e) her wedding at home.
① 딸의  결혼식  날에  집이  정전될  예정이었다.
② 일요일에  자신의  집은  정전을  피할  수  있었다.
③ 공사를  연기해  달라고  전기  회사에  요청했다.
④ 전기  회사의  건물에서  딸의  결혼식을  치렀다.
⑤ 전기  회사  직원으로부터  해결책을  찾았다는  말을  들었다.