Dear Dr. Dominick:

I have been under your care for the past 4 months for ongoing foot problems and will be returning to work as a deliveryman for Woodland Furniture. I’ve requested a change in work assignments so that I can minimize time standing on my feet. I’ve asked that I be given a clerical job in the warehouse rather than continuing my duties of loading and unloading trucks. I need a statement from you which summarizes the medical problems related to my feet. With this letter, I authorize you to release any test results or related documentation to confirm your medical opinions and recommendations. Please send your statement directly to my supervisor: Harold J. Jackson, Woodland Furniture, 1532 Overlake, Stanton. I appreciate your efforts in advance.

Sincerely,
Philippe Taylor

Pests are a concern for collection preservation and a health risk, and both issues must be addressed by a facilities management plan. Pest management starts with good housekeeping, so the museum’s overall custodial staff must be considered part of the pest management team. A program should be established that looks for likely invasion routes of pests into a museum facility and takes steps to prevent use of these routes. Efforts should be made to prevent pests from entering the museum building at points such as visitor entrances, service entrances, air intake points, food facilities, windows, and cracks and breaks in the building. Housekeeping should be concentrated at these points of entry.

*custodial staff: 관리 직원

It was a long day, which included picking up my teenager. On our way home, we stopped at the local grocery store to get some fruits and vegetables. After unloading our cart at the checkout I realized that my wallet was not in my purse. I didn’t know what to do. Without any hesitation, the lady in front of me said, “Put it through, I’ll take care of it.” I hesitated and hesitated, but she insisted. I asked about how to pay her back and she said I could leave it with the staff in an envelope for “Ann from The Crimson Company.” She didn’t ask for my name or phone number—not a thing. For my son and me, it was a lovely gift to start off the new year. She reminded me that life is too short to not lend a helping hand when the opportunity arises.

J. K. Rowling, the author of the famous Harry Potter series, has personally corresponded with several dying children who were fans of ① her books and with the parents of children who have died. For example, in January 2000, she sent an e-­mail to Catie Hoch, an eight-­year-­old girl suffering from cancer, who ② she had heard about. Catie loved Harry Potter, and Rowling began a correspondence with her, telling her secrets about the fourth book that ③ she was writing. When Rowling heard that cancer had spread to Catie’s brain, one month after her ninth birthday, and that she only had a few weeks left to live, Rowling began calling Catie, and reading ④ her the yet unpublished Book 4 over the phone. Three days after Catie died, Rowling wrote to tell Catie’s parents that ⑤ she felt privileged to have had contact with Catie. When Catie’s parents established the Catie Hoch Foundation to help young cancer patients, Rowling contributed to it.

Certain personality characteristics make some people more resistant to distress. ① Individuals who believe they control their own destinies and generally expect the best from life are, in fact, more likely to gain control of their stressors and experience positive stress rather than distress, according to research. ② It is important to realize that these person factors—self­-mastery and optimism—are not permanent inborn traits of people. ③ Genetic factors in personality development are undeniable and cannot be influenced by the environment. ④ They are states of mind or expectations derived from personal experience, and they can be nurtured. ⑤ It is possible to give people experiences that increase feelings of being “in control”—experiences that lead people to believe something good will come from their attempts to turn stress into constructive action.

In England, Dr. Peter Messent followed people on their walks through city parks and found that people with dogs were much more likely to be engaged in conversation than people who were walking alone. People with pets were even more approachable than mothers with small infants. The same kind of results were observed in another study, by Randall Lockwood. He showed subjects a series of relatively ambiguous pictures of people in a variety of common social settings. There were two similar sets of pictures: in one there were only people, and in the other there was a pet with one of the people in each scene. The subjects were asked to rate each of the people in the pictures according to several scales. The results were predictable. People with pets were perceived as being more socially attractive and as having more desirable personal characteristics. Pets changed the people’s social identity for the better.

Not just information but also people may move between societies, taking their knowledge and cultural practices with them. Like war, migration is an ancient phenomenon and very common throughout history. Although it is often regarded with suspicion, immigration tends to confer benefits on the host group. In recent history, countries with the highest net inward migration have also had the highest growth rates, the two factors clearly being linked in harmony. The complaint that immigrants take people’s jobs is, like similar complaints about technology, based on an erroneously static view of the world. In fact, immigrants increase the size of the market and thus create jobs. Furthermore, they arrive as already productive adults having never been dependent on the host country. They also tend to be motivated and intelligent individuals with a talent for the creation of economic organization.

*net inward migration: 순 유입(純 流入)

If you ever tried to cut wood with a blunt, dull axe, you know how much effort it takes to succeed. But as soon as the blade is filed sharp, the work can proceed with much less exertion. The secret lies in knowing when to stop and sharpen the blade. The same principles hold true for work. If you are stuck in a pattern of doing the same things every day and you feel as though you are becoming dull, perhaps it is time to stop and sharpen your axe. Sign up for a business seminar, read business books or magazines or attend a trade show. Take decisive action to restore a sharp edge to your productivity. This is the very reason professionals such as accountants, lawyers and nurses are required to continuously learn what’s new in the profession in order to remain up­-to­-date and useful in their professions. Stay motivated and accept no excuses for not increasing your efficiency and effectiveness.

*file: (날을) 갈다

The graph above shows the most commonly consumed fresh fruits among U.S. consumers in 1970 and in 2010. ① In 1970, apples were America’s number one consumed fruit, followed by bananas, while their ranks were reversed in 2010. ② In 1970, oranges ranked third among the most commonly consumed fresh fruits, but in 2010 went down to sixth place. ③ In the case of watermelon, the amount consumed per person in 1970 was below four pounds, but it exceeded four pounds in 2010. ④ Unlike in 1970, when pears ranked seventh, in 2010 pears were not within the top seven and strawberries appeared on the graph taking fifth place. ⑤ Both in 1970 and in 2010, the per person consumption of peaches was larger than that of grapes.

The barn owl is a medium-­sized owl with a heart-­shaped face. The females are sometimes 30-55 grams heavier than the males and usually darker and more heavily spotted. Notable is the near absence of obvious dark markings on the underside of the flight and tail feathers. The white legs of barn owls are feathered nearly to the base of their gray­-brown toes; their long needle­-sharp claws are dark gray. The barn owl gives a loud screeching sound, sometimes with a tremulous effect, often described as shrrreeee. In Britain, the owl’s cry gave this owl the name ‘Screech Owl’ in 1666, but as early as 1678 it was changed to ‘Barn Owl.’ This owl is rather common and widely distributed from Central Europe to Africa and Southeast Asia. In England and Wales the population was approximately 12,000 pairs in 1932, but numbers there have decreased in the last fifty years by almost 70 percent.

*screech: 날카로운 소리를 내다 **tremulous: 떨리는

Sometimes perfectionists find that they are troubled because (A) what / whatever they do it never seems good enough. If I ask, “For whom is it not good enough?” they do not always know the answer. After giving it some thought they usually conclude that it is not good enough for them and not good enough for other important people in their lives. This is a key point, because it suggests that the standard you may be struggling to (B) meet / be met may not actually be your own. Instead, the standard you have set for yourself may be the standard of some important person in your life, such as a parent or a boss or a spouse. (C)  Live / Living your life in pursuit of someone else’s expectations is a difficult way to live. If the standards you set were not yours, it may be time to define your personal expectations for yourself and make self­-fulfillment your goal.

One reason conversational life can lack depth and excitement is that we easily fall into using ① formulaic questions to open a dialogue―How are you? What was the weather like? What do you do? How was your weekend? Although such questions can be important social lubricants, in themselves they generally fail to ② spark an engaging and enriching empathic exchange. We answer “Fine” or “OK,” then move on down the corridor. The way a conversation ③ begins can be a major determinant of where it goes. So it is worth experimenting with adventurous openings. Instead of greeting a workmate with “How are things?” try taking your conversation in a different direction with something mildly ④ unusual like, “What have you been thinking about this morning?” or “What was the most surprising thing that happened to you over the weekend?” You need to come up with the kinds of questions that suit your own personality. The point is to ⑤ follow conventions so your conversations become energizing, memorable, and vehicles for empathic discovery.

*lubricant: 윤활유

An Afternoon with the Author

Sunday, November 20
4:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m.
at KINO Bookstore

Critically Acclaimed & Best Selling Author,
Catherine Baggott
to celebrate the release of her latest book
Everything for All of Us

 Catherine will talk about her writing process and her journey of becoming a writer for one hour. After her talk, a Q&A session will follow. There will be a book signing session for 30 minutes.

• This is a $10 ticketed event hosted by KINO Bookstore. Tickets are available from KINO Bookstore.
• Food & drinks will be provided.

 Please visit our website (www.kinobooks.com) for more information.

Arch Creek Winter Camp

Arch Creek Winter Camp is a nature­-based specialty camp that teaches children about the wonders of the environment through interactive games, activities, crafts, and field trips. Our camp focuses on exploring and learning about Arch Creek’s fantastic history and unique ecosystem.

• Place: Arch Creek Park
• Dates: December 23, 26, 27, 30 & January 2, 3
* No camp: Christmas Eve and Day New Year’s Eve and Day
• Hours: 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.
• Ages: 6-14 years
• Registration & Fees
- Session (6 days): $140 / Daily: $30
- Additional fees for field trips may be requested.
- Registration starts on November 26.
- Space is limited.

For further information, call (305) 174-6111.

_________________ is one of the keys to leadership effectiveness. We want realness in the executive suite, in the superintendent’s office, and in our religious leaders. We yearn for leaders who are themselves rather than a copy of someone else. We want leaders who will be fully human with us, men and women who are vulnerable enough to acknowledge their strengths and weaknesses, their gifts and limits, and who are appropriately transparent about their hopes and fears, their motivations and their agendas. We trust leaders who are real, who walk their talk, who act on their core values, and who tell us the truth. We authorize others to lead who author their own life. Those we deem not trustworthy we don’t authorize to lead.

Life is rhythmic, cyclical, and always evolving. It’s difficult not to notice repetition and renewal going on all around you. Just as darkness comes at the end of each day, so also comes the dawn to spread light across the land. Just as plants must die at the end of their life cycle, the seeds they have produced will emerge as new plants in the spring. Understanding the cyclical nature of life will reassure you that difficult times won’t last forever, and you will feel joy and happiness again. The rough times must be endured and taken as they come, but they are not constant, nor do they last forever. There will always be good times and bad, feasts and famines, hot summers and cold winters. Whenever you feel stuck, spiritually dry, or just plain gloomy, take time to remind yourself that ____________________________.

Technology is the basis of many of our metaphors and is important in terms of how we think and how our ideas progress. The use of metaphor and the process of design and the evolution of science and technology are cyclic in the sense that metaphors help to shape technology, and new technology leads to new metaphors. Major changes arise periodically, such as moving from horse­-drawn carriages to motor-­driven vehicles. The initial description of the latter is naturally metaphorical, as in the term “horseless carriage.” The association with the previous technology is both verbal and visual. The early designs of such vehicles show visual evidence of the metaphor, as they retained much of the appearance of horse­-drawn carriages. The horse-­drawn carriage was itself a technological innovation, as were the horseless carriage and later automobiles. We tend to not only base new inventions on old, but also explain and try to understand new inventions in terms of _________________ .

As the new century begins, the competition between cars and crops for cropland　is intensifying. Until now, the paving over of cropland has occurred largely in industrial countries, home to four fifths of the world’s 520 million automobiles. But now, more and more farmland is being sacrificed in developing countries with hungry populations, calling into question the future role of the car. Millions of hectares of cropland in the industrial world have been paved over for roads and parking lots. Each U.S. car, for example, requires on average 0.07 hectares of paved land for roads and parking space. For every five cars added to the total number of cars in the U.S., an area the size of a football field is covered with asphalt. More often than not, cropland is paved simply because the flat, well­drained soils that are well suited for farming are also ideal for building roads. Once paved, land is not easily reclaimed. As environmentalist Rupert Cutler once noted, “__________________________________.”

*reclaim: 복원하다

One of the most notable examples of the collaboration of film director and composer was that of Eisenstein and Prokofiev in the making of Alexander Nevsky (1938).

(A) At other times, a reverse procedure would be followed. Music would be written after a sequence had been shot and edited, to conform to a rough of the final picture “cut.” The aim was to relate music and picture through an identical fluidity of aural and visual structure.

(B) Following these talks, the composer would sometimes rough out and record musical passages for a scene or sequence. The director would then film these sections and try editing them in accordance with the musical construction.

(C) In the book Film Sense, Eisenstein describes how closely composer and director worked to achieve a structural harmony between picture and sound. First there were lengthy discussions about the intention and construction of each film section.

*rough: 초안, 개략

There was once a king who was unhappy at being overweight, so he called the wisest man in the kingdom to help him to get into shape.

(A) Of course the mirror was not magic. The king’s weight loss was directly attributable to two months of early morning jogging. Would the king have taken the advice if he had been told to do that?

(B) The wise man told him that there was a magic mirror in the king’s woods and, if one looked into it, one would become as thin as one wanted. The only problem was that this mirror could only be found in the woods early in the morning at sunrise and then only for a few minutes did its magic work.

(C) The king then proceeded to get up just before dawn every morning and run around the woods searching for this mirror. After a couple of months the wise man placed a mirror in the woods for the king to find one morning and miraculously he had lost all the weight he had wanted.

It isn’t, however, such a hit with police officers and district attorneys, who have criticized the series for presenting a highly misleading image of how crimes are solved.

Since its debut in 2000, an American drama centered around crime scene investigation has become very popular. ( ① ) In 2002, it was the most watched show on American television, and by 2009 the worldwide audience was estimated to be more than 73 million. ( ② ) Their fears have been echoed by Monica Robbers, a criminologist, who found evidence that jurors have increasingly unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence. ( ③ ) Bernard Knight, formerly one of Britain’s chief pathologists, agrees. ( ④ ) Jurors today, he observes, expect clearer proof than forensic science is capable of delivering. ( ⑤ ) And he attributes this trend directly to the influence of television crime dramas.

*forensic: 과학 수사의 **pathologist: 병리학자

Positive rights reflect the vital interests that human beings have in receiving certain benefits.

Rights, and in particular human rights, can be divided into two broad categories: negative rights and positive rights. Negative rights reflect the vital interests that human beings have in being free from outside interference. ( ① ) The rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights―freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and so on―fall within this category, as do the rights to freedom from injury and to privacy. ( ② ) Correlating with these are duties that we all have not to interfere with others’ pursuit of these interests and activities. ( ③ ) They are rights to have others provide us with certain goods, services, or opportunities. ( ④ ) Today, positive rights often are taken to include the rights to education, medical care, equal job opportunity, comparable pay, and so on. ( ⑤ ) Correlating with these are positive duties for appropriate parties to assist individuals in their pursuit of these interests.

*Bill of Rights: 권리 장전

The fact that dreaded diseases are more common in the tropics than at higher latitudes may in part explain a curious feature of how languages are distributed: near the equator, language densities (the number of languages per unit area) are much higher, and language communities (the number of people speaking a given language) very much smaller, than they are at higher latitudes. One explanation for this might be that it is a culturally evolved strategy to reduce the risk of cross-­infection in areas where pathogens are more densely concentrated. Language barriers significantly reduce the opportunities for contact between different populations, thus minimizing the risk of contamination. Creating smaller, more inward-­looking, xenophobic societies may thus help to reduce exposure to diseases to which one has no natural immunity.

*pathogen: 병원균
**xenophobic: 외부인을 꺼려하는

High language densities found in the tropics can ____(A)____ contact between communities and thus prevent ____(B)____ from spreading.

The absence of an audience has affected performers of all types and traditions. Before the era of the phonograph, Hindustani classical musicians not only took inspiration from their listeners but also improvised directly in response to their reactions. The exact sound and shape of the performance, then, was determined in part by the interaction of artist and audience. For those who recorded, one way to compensate was to manufacture an audience, planting enthusiastic listeners in the studio. On an acoustic-­era recording of Maujuddin Khan, for example, one can hear a few “plants” shouting “Wah! Wah! Maujuddin Khan!” In a more recent example, I myself was an unwitting plant in a recording session for the rock group Rotoglow. After observing from the control room, I was invited to sit in the studio while the band was recording. Squeezed between the lead guitarist and the drummer, I was sure I was a distraction, and after a few songs I volunteered to return to the other side of the glass. To my surprise, the group insisted that I stay. “You’re a part of this, man!” one of them declared. I hardly acted like a typical rock concertgoer—I sat quietly in a chair, my only actions consisting of taking notes and stuffing my ears with wadded toilet paper. Nevertheless, my ____________ must have in some way met the band’s need or desire for an audience.

*improvise: 즉흥 연주를 하다

The absence of an audience has affected performers of all types and traditions. Before the era of the phonograph, Hindustani classical musicians not only took inspiration from their listeners but also improvised directly in response to their reactions. The exact sound and shape of the performance, then, was determined in part by the interaction of artist and audience. For those who recorded, one way to compensate was to manufacture an audience, planting enthusiastic listeners in the studio. On an acoustic-­era recording of Maujuddin Khan, for example, one can hear a few “plants” shouting “Wah! Wah! Maujuddin Khan!” In a more recent example, I myself was an unwitting plant in a recording session for the rock group Rotoglow. After observing from the control room, I was invited to sit in the studio while the band was recording. Squeezed between the lead guitarist and the drummer, I was sure I was a distraction, and after a few songs I volunteered to return to the other side of the glass. To my surprise, the group insisted that I stay. “You’re a part of this, man!” one of them declared. I hardly acted like a typical rock concertgoer—I sat quietly in a chair, my only actions consisting of taking notes and stuffing my ears with wadded toilet paper. Nevertheless, my ____________ must have in some way met the band’s need or desire for an audience.

*improvise: 즉흥 연주를 하다

(A)
Jessica listened while the band teacher played the different musical instruments. He was demonstrating them because (a) she and the other sixth­grade students had to decide which one they wanted to play. Then she sat attentively as the sound of the trombone sent tingles up her spine. She decided, “That’s the instrument I want to play!” She signed up for trombone lessons right away. Several months passed, and Jessica was doing well and enjoying her lessons.

＊tingle: 흥분, 설렘

(B)
Her mom, surprised at the band teacher’s response, replied, “I don’t care if the instrument is ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine.’ I just want Jessica to enjoy playing it. When I was young, my parents wouldn’t let me play the trumpet because they thought it was too masculine. I don’t want that to happen to Jessica.” The band teacher agreed to let Jessica try a saxophone. He showed (b) her how to attach it to the neck strap and hold it. The next day, Jessica switched from the trombone to the saxophone.

(C)
After a brief discussion, Jessica decided to switch to the saxophone even though her mom was concerned that it might be too heavy. She wanted Jessica to see how it felt before they made the final decision. Jessica’s mom said (c) she would come along when it was time for Jessica to tell the band teacher her decision. When they finally met with the band teacher, he said, “Why not play the clarinet? It’s much more feminine.” Jessica was annoyed and insulted.

(D)
One afternoon, however, she was practicing and could not play a few of the notes no matter how hard she tried. The next day (d) she asked her band teacher what she was doing wrong. To her surprise, it turned out that the problem was the length of her arms. To hit those notes she had to move the trombone slide to a specific point beyond (e) her reach. He recommended that she switch to a different instrument. Disappointed, Jessica went home and told her mom.

(A)
Jessica listened while the band teacher played the different musical instruments. He was demonstrating them because (a) she and the other sixth­grade students had to decide which one they wanted to play. Then she sat attentively as the sound of the trombone sent tingles up her spine. She decided, “That’s the instrument I want to play!” She signed up for trombone lessons right away. Several months passed, and Jessica was doing well and enjoying her lessons.

＊tingle: 흥분, 설렘

(B)
Her mom, surprised at the band teacher’s response, replied, “I don’t care if the instrument is ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine.’ I just want Jessica to enjoy playing it. When I was young, my parents wouldn’t let me play the trumpet because they thought it was too masculine. I don’t want that to happen to Jessica.” The band teacher agreed to let Jessica try a saxophone. He showed (b) her how to attach it to the neck strap and hold it. The next day, Jessica switched from the trombone to the saxophone.

(C)
After a brief discussion, Jessica decided to switch to the saxophone even though her mom was concerned that it might be too heavy. She wanted Jessica to see how it felt before they made the final decision. Jessica’s mom said (c) she would come along when it was time for Jessica to tell the band teacher her decision. When they finally met with the band teacher, he said, “Why not play the clarinet? It’s much more feminine.” Jessica was annoyed and insulted.

(D)
One afternoon, however, she was practicing and could not play a few of the notes no matter how hard she tried. The next day (d) she asked her band teacher what she was doing wrong. To her surprise, it turned out that the problem was the length of her arms. To hit those notes she had to move the trombone slide to a specific point beyond (e) her reach. He recommended that she switch to a different instrument. Disappointed, Jessica went home and told her mom.

(A)
Jessica listened while the band teacher played the different musical instruments. He was demonstrating them because (a) she and the other sixth­grade students had to decide which one they wanted to play. Then she sat attentively as the sound of the trombone sent tingles up her spine. She decided, “That’s the instrument I want to play!” She signed up for trombone lessons right away. Several months passed, and Jessica was doing well and enjoying her lessons.

＊tingle: 흥분, 설렘

(B)
Her mom, surprised at the band teacher’s response, replied, “I don’t care if the instrument is ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine.’ I just want Jessica to enjoy playing it. When I was young, my parents wouldn’t let me play the trumpet because they thought it was too masculine. I don’t want that to happen to Jessica.” The band teacher agreed to let Jessica try a saxophone. He showed (b) her how to attach it to the neck strap and hold it. The next day, Jessica switched from the trombone to the saxophone.

(C)
After a brief discussion, Jessica decided to switch to the saxophone even though her mom was concerned that it might be too heavy. She wanted Jessica to see how it felt before they made the final decision. Jessica’s mom said (c) she would come along when it was time for Jessica to tell the band teacher her decision. When they finally met with the band teacher, he said, “Why not play the clarinet? It’s much more feminine.” Jessica was annoyed and insulted.

(D)
One afternoon, however, she was practicing and could not play a few of the notes no matter how hard she tried. The next day (d) she asked her band teacher what she was doing wrong. To her surprise, it turned out that the problem was the length of her arms. To hit those notes she had to move the trombone slide to a specific point beyond (e) her reach. He recommended that she switch to a different instrument. Disappointed, Jessica went home and told her mom.