To Whom It May Concern:

My wife and I are residents of the Lakeview Senior Apartment Complex. We have been asked by some of the residents here to see if we can help improve their ability to get around town independently. The closest bus stop is half a mile below the apartment complex, down a steep hill. Very few of the residents here feel comfortable walking all the way to (and especially from) the bus stop. We are asking if the route for bus 15 could be changed slightly to come up the hill to the complex. I can promise you several very grateful riders each day in each direction. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,
Ron Miller
① 버스  노선의  변경을  요청하려고
② 버스  노선  운영의  중단을  공지하려고
③ 아파트  주변  산책로  조성을  건의하려고
④ 버스  기사의  친절한  서비스에  감사하려고
⑤ 아파트  관리비  과다청구에  대해  항의하려고

Annemarie looked up, panting, just as she reached the corner. Her heart seemed to skip a beat. “Halte!” the soldier ordered in a stern voice. The German word was as familiar as it was scary. Annemarie had heard it often enough before, but it had never been directed at her until now. Behind her, Ellen also slowed and stopped. Annemarie stared up. There were two of them. That meant two helmets, two sets of cold eyes glaring at her, and four tall shiny boots planted firmly on the sidewalk, blocking her path to home. And it meant two guns, gripped in the hands of the soldiers. She was motionless as she stared at the guns.

* pant: (숨을) 헐떡이다
① proud  and  satisfied
② envious  and  furious
③ tense  and  frightened
④ bored  and  indifferent
⑤ relieved  and  confident

Kids learn mostly by example. They model their own behavior after their parents and their older siblings. If your kids have bad eating habits, ask yourself how that happened in the first place. If you eat a poor diet yourself, neglect your health, or smoke and drink in front of them, you shouldn’t be surprised when your children go down the same road. So be a good role model and set the stage for healthy eating at home and when you eat out as a family. Your actions speak louder than your words. Do not expect your kids to know for themselves what is good for them.
① 자녀의  건강한  식습관  형성을  위해  모범을  보여라.
② 가족이  함께  식사할  수  있는  시간을  확보하라.
③ 비만을  예방하기  위해  채소  섭취를  늘려라.
④ 건강을  해치는  무리한  다이어트를  피하라.
⑤ 자녀의  체질을  고려하여  식단을  짜라.

Although errors and biases will always occur in science, the peer review system and the open discussion of ideas and results can minimize their effects and lead the scientific community toward the truth. Thus, although scientists make many errors, science can be self­-correcting. However, in order for the mechanism of peer review to work, it is important that scientists do not avoid this process. Research should be evaluated by other members of the scientific profession before it is applied or made public. There are many studies that contain errors because the researchers did not allow their work to be evaluated by peers before they published it.
① 과학  연구의  오류를  줄이려면  동료검토의  과정을  거쳐야  한다.
② 과학자는  연구과정에서  엄격한  윤리적  기준을  적용해야  한다.
③ 권위  있는  연구자에  대한  맹신은  학문적  발전을  저해한다.
④ 논문  작성  시  선행연구를  충분히  검토해야  한다.
⑤ 과학  연구는  공익을  우선적으로  고려해야  한다.

One day after the space shuttle Challenger exploded, Ulric Neisser asked a class of 106 students to write down exactly where they were when they heard the news. Two and a half years later, he asked them the same question. In that second interview, 25 percent of the students gave completely different accounts of where they were. Half had significant errors in their answers and less than 10 percent remembered with any real accuracy. Results such as these are part of the reason people make mistakes on the witness stand when they are asked months later to describe a crime they witnessed. Between 1989 and 2007, 201 prisoners in the United States were proven innocent on the basis of DNA evidence. Seventy­-five percent of those prisoners had been declared guilty on the basis of mistaken eyewitness accounts.
① causes  of  major  space  mission  failures
② inaccuracy  of  information  recalled  over  time
③ importance  of  protecting  witnesses  from  threats
④ factors  that  improve  people’s  long­term  memories
⑤ ways  to  collect  DNA  evidence  in  crime  investigations

In 2000, the government in Glasgow, Scotland, appeared to stumble on a remarkable crime prevention strategy. Officials hired a team to beautify the city by installing a series of blue lights in various noticeable locations. In theory, blue lights are more attractive and calming than the yellow and white lights that illuminate much of the city at night, and indeed the blue lights seemed to cast a soothing glow. Months passed and the city’s crime statisticians noticed a striking trend: The locations that were newly bathed in blue experienced a dramatic decline in criminal activity. The blue lights in Glasgow, which mimicked the lights atop police cars, seemed to imply that the police were always watching. The lights were never designed to reduce crime, but that’s exactly what they appeared to be doing.
① Turn  Lights  off  for  Our  Planet
② Blue  Makes  People  Feel  Lonely
③ Colorful  Lights  Lifting  Your  Spirits
④ Unexpected  Outcome  from  Blue  Lights
⑤ Cleaner  Streets  Lead  to  Lower  Crime  Rates

The graph above shows the top four hotel amenities leisure and business travelers selected as the deciding factor when choosing a hotel. ① For both types of traveler, free Wi­-Fi is the most popular choice. ② Free breakfast ranks second for both types of traveler, with 22 percent of leisure travelers and 21 percent of business travelers selecting it. ③ Accessibility to mass transportation is not as popular as free breakfast for business travelers. ④ Fifteen percent of leisure travelers chose a swimming pool as their top amenity while ten percent selected free parking.  ⑤ Having a comfortable work chair and desk is the least popular choice on the list of the top four amenities for business stays.

Edith Wharton was born into a wealthy family in 1862 in New York City. Educated by private tutors at home, she enjoyed reading and writing early on. After her first novel, The Valley of Decision, was published in 1902, she wrote many novels and some gained her a wide audience. Wharton also had a great love of architecture, and she designed and built her first real home. During World War I, she devoted much of her time to assisting orphans from France and Belgium and helped raise funds to support them. After the war, she settled in Provence, France, and she finished writing The Age of Innocence there. This novel won Wharton the 1921 Pulitzer Prize, making her the first woman to win the award.
① 1902년에  첫  소설이  출판되었다.
② 건축에  관심이  있어  자신의  집을  설계했다.
③ 프랑스와  벨기에의  고아를  도왔다.
④ 전쟁  중  The  Age  of  Innocence를  완성했다.
⑤ 여성  최초로  Pulitzer상을  받았다.

Show off your creativity by creating a DIY (do-it-yourself) Halloween costume.

Who Can Enter:
- Contestants must live in the state of Wisconsin.

Rules & Guidelines:
- Only one entry per contestant
-We will accept only one photo of you wearing the costume you made. (Videos are NOT allowed.)
- Photos must be submitted by October 25.

Prizes:
- The top 10 entries will be picked through public online voting, and our fashion designers will decide the final winners.
- First place: Tablet PC & Halloween costume set
Second & Third places: $100 Goodtime gift certificate
① 참가  자격에  제한이  없다.
② 1인당  여러  개의  작품을  제출할  수  있다.
③ 자신이  제작한  의상을  입고  찍은  사진을  제출해야  한다.
④ 패션  디자이너들이  출품작  중  상위  10개를  선정한다.
⑤ 1등  상품으로  100달러  상당의  상품권이  주어진다.

Seedy Sunday is a seed exchange event that has taken place every year since 2002. It’s an event for those who want to exchange their extra seeds for new varieties.

When & Where
Sunday, March 20, 2016 (11 a.m. – 4 p.m.)
Amherst Avenue Community Hall

Bring Your Seeds to Trade
Package your seeds in envelopes (about 20 seeds per envelope) with the seeds’ names written on the outside.
 
Not Just about Exchange
Talks with gardening experts on harvesting and storing seeds
Cookery demonstrations  

Want to Come?
A limited enrollment of 100 participants  
Registration Fee: $5 per person
① 2002년부터  매년  개최되어  왔다.
② 오전  11시부터  오후  4시까지  진행된다.
③ 씨앗을  봉투에  담아서  가져와야  한다.
④ 원예  전문가와  대화할  수  있는  기회가  있다.
⑤ 참가  인원에  제한을  두지  않는다.

What could be wrong with the compliment “I’m so proud of you”? Plenty. Just as it is misguided ① to offer your child false praise, it is also a mistake to reward all of his accomplishments. Although rewards sound so ② positive, they can often lead to negative consequences. It is because they can take away from the love of learning. If you consistently reward a child for her accomplishments, she starts to focus more on getting the reward than on ③ what she did to earn it. The focus of her excitement shifts from enjoying learning itself to ④ pleasing you. If you applaud every time your child identifies a letter, she may become a praise lover who eventually ⑤ become less interested in learning the alphabet for its own sake than for hearing you applaud.

When we don’t want to believe a certain claim, we ask ourselves, “Must I believe it?” Then we search for contrary evidence, and if we find a single reason to (A) defend / doubt the claim, we can dismiss the claim. Psychologists now have numerous findings on “motivated reasoning,” showing the many tricks people use to reach the conclusions they want to reach. When subjects are told that an intelligence test gave them a low score, they choose to read articles (B) supporting / criticizing the validity of IQ tests. When people read a (fictitious) scientific study reporting heavy caffeine consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, women who are heavy coffee drinkers find (C) more / fewer errors in the study than do less caffeinated women.

*fictitious: 가상의
① defend  ······  supporting  ······  more
② doubt  ······  supporting  ······  fewer
③ doubt  ······  criticizing  ······  more
④ doubt  ······  criticizing  ······  fewer
⑤ defend  ······  criticizing  ······  fewer

The CEO of a large company stepped out of a big black limousine. As usual, he walked up the stairs to the main entrance. ① He was just about to step through the large glass doors when he heard a voice say, “I’m very sorry, sir, but I cannot let you in without ID.” The security guard, who had worked for the company for many years, looked his boss straight in the eyes, showing no sign of emotion on his face. The CEO was speechless. ② He felt his pockets to no avail. He had probably left ③ his ID at home. He took another look at the motionless security guard, and scratched his chin, thinking. Then ④ he turned on his heels and went back to his limousine. The security guard was left standing, not knowing that by this time tomorrow, ⑤ he was going to be promoted to head of security.

Consider your typical day. You wake up in the morning and pour yourself juice from oranges grown in Florida and coffee from beans grown in Brazil. Over breakfast, you watch a news program broadcast from New York on your television made in Japan. You get dressed in clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand. Every day, you rely on many people, most of whom you do not know, to provide you with the goods and services that you enjoy. Such ___________ is possible because people trade with one another. Those people providing you goods and services are not acting out of generosity. Nor is some government agency directing them to satisfy your desires. Instead, people provide you and other consumers with the goods and services they produce because they get something in return.
① interdependence
② competition
③ unfairness
④ regulation
⑤ charity

A study in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology suggests a way to make negotiations go smoother. In this study, when college students who negotiated the purchase of a motorcycle over an online instant messenger believed they were physically far apart (more than 15 miles), negotiations were easier and showed more compromise than when participants believed they were closer (a few feet). The experimenters explain that when people are farther apart, they consider the factors in a more abstract way, focusing on the main issues rather than getting hung up on less important points. So next time you have to work out a complex deal, the researchers say, it may be worthwhile to ____________________________.
① begin  from  a  distance
② set  a  clear  time  limit
③ hide  your  true  intentions
④ deal  with  smaller  problems  first
⑤ become  familiar  with  each  other

Millions of dollars and thousands of hours are spent each year trying to teach managers how to coach their employees and give them effective feedback. Yet much of this training is ineffective, and many managers remain poor coaches. Is that because this can’t be trained? No, that’s not the reason. Research sheds light on why corporate training often fails. Studies by Peter Hesling and his colleagues show that many managers ____________________________. These managers judge employees as competent or incompetent at the start and that’s that. They do relatively little developmental coaching and when employees do improve, they may fail to take notice, remaining stuck in their initial impression. What’s more, they are far less likely to seek or accept critical feedback from their employees. Why bother to coach employees if they can’t change and why get feedback from them if you can’t change?
① provide  few  financial  incentives
② change  their  decisions  too  often
③ do  not  believe  in  personal  change
④ set  their  goals  unrealistically  high
⑤ take  risks  without  careful  consideration

Opera singers and dry air don’t get along. In fact, the best professional singers require humid settings to help them achieve the right pitch. If the amount of moisture in the air influences musical pitch, linguist Caleb Everett wondered, has that translated into the development of fewer tonal languages in locations lacking moisture? In tonal languages, such as Mandarin Chinese, the same syllable spoken at a higher pitch can specify a different word if spoken at a lower pitch. In a survey of more than 3,700 languages, he found that those with complex tones do occur less frequently in dry areas than in humid ones. Overall, only one in 30 complex tonal languages flourished in dry areas; one in three non­tonal languages appeared in those same regions. Those conclusions go against a linguistic view that the structure of language ___________________________.

*tonal language: 성조 언어 **syllable: 음절
① can  be  acquired  through  repetition
② is  independent  of  its  environment
③ can  change  gradually  over  time
④ affects  how  we  see  the  world
⑤ is  influenced  by  musical  pitch

Frank Barrett, an organizational behavior expert, explains that disrupting routines and looking at a situation from another’s perspective can lead to new solutions.

(A) While everyone else was in meetings on the first day of the workshop, the airline’s vice president of marketing had the beds in each leader’s hotel room replaced with airline seats.

(B)After having spent that night in airline seats, the company’s leaders came up with some “radical innovations.” If he had not disrupted their sleeping routines and allowed them to experience their customers’ discomfort, the workshop may have ended without any noteworthy changes.

(C) In a lecture, Barrett shares the story of an airline that was dealing with many complaints about their customer service. The airline’s leaders held a workshop to focus on how to create a better experience for their customers.
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A)

As is true of some fish, fathead minnows that have been attacked release chemicals from specialized cells in the skin.

(A)However, observations of this sort raise a question about this conventional view: How can an injured fish benefit from helping others of its species to escape from a predator?

(B)Traditionally, these chemicals have been considered alarm signals designed to alert other members of the species to the presence of a predator. In some cases, fish exposed to these chemicals do indeed appear to hide.

(C)Perhaps injured fish do not release these special chemicals to benefit others, but rather to help themselves. They might be attracting additional predators that may interfere with the initial attacker, occasionally resulting in the release of the captured prey.

＊fathead minnow: 잉어과의 물고기
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A)

In contrast, the individual who responds to anger in the same way every time has little capacity to constructively adapt his responses to different situations.

The goal in anger management is to increase the options you have to express anger in a healthy way. ( ① ) By learning a variety of anger management strategies, you develop control, choices, and flexibility in how you respond to angry feelings. ( ② ) A person who has learned a variety of ways to handle anger is more competent and confident. ( ③ ) And with competence and confidence comes the strength needed to cope with situations that cause frustration and anger. ( ④ ) The development of a set of such skills further enhances our sense of optimism that we can effectively handle the challenges that come our way. ( ⑤ ) Such individuals are more likely to feel frustrated and to have conflicts with others and themselves.

But at the beginning of the twentieth century, a new technology was introduced: the airplane.

In the late 1800s, the railroads were the biggest companies in the U.S.. Having achieved such a huge success, even changing the landscape of America, remembering WHY they started doing this business stopped being important to them. ( ① ) Instead, they became obsessed with WHAT they did―they were in the railroad business. ( ② ) This narrowing of perspective influenced their decision-­making―they invested all their money in tracks and engines. ( ③ ) And all those big railroad companies eventually went out of business.( ④ ) What if they had defined themselves as being in the mass transportation business? ( ⑤ ) Perhaps they would have seen opportunities that they otherwise missed; they would own all the airlines today.

A snowy owl’s ears are not visible from the outside, but it has incredible hearing. The feathers on a snowy owl’s face guide sounds to its ears, giving it the ability to hear things humans cannot. ① Each of its ears is a different size, and one is higher than the other. ② The differing size and location of each ear helps the owl distinguish between sounds. ③ It can hear at the same time the distant hoofbeats of a large deer, the flap of a bird’s wings above it, and the digging of a small animal below it. ④ In fact, it has excellent vision both in the dark and at a distance. ⑤ After choosing which sound interests it most, the snowy owl moves its head like a large circular antenna to pick up the best reception.

*hoofbeats: 발굽소리

Timothy Wilson did an experiment in which he gave students a choice of five different art posters, and then later surveyed to see if they still liked their choices. People who were told to consciously examine their choices were least happy with their posters weeks later. People who looked at the poster briefly and then chose later were happiest. Another researcher then replicated the results in the real world with a study set in a furniture store. Furniture selection is one of the most cognitively demanding choices any consumer makes. The people who had made their selections of a study set after less conscious examination were happier than those who made their purchase after a lot of careful examination.
  
According to the experiments, people who thought more ____(A)____about what to choose felt less ____(B)____ with their choices.
① carefully  ······  satisfied
② positively  ······  disappointed
③ critically  ······  annoyed
④ negatively  ······  disappointed
⑤ briefly  ······  satisfied

Imagine Jaws without a hungry white shark, Superman without Kryptonite, or the tale of Little Red Riding Hood without a scary wolf: The teenagers would have had a great summer at the beach, Superman would not have had a worry in the world, and Little Red Riding Hood would visit her grandmother and then go home. Words like “boring” and “predictable” spring to mind! Movie director Nils Malmros once said, “Paradise on a Sunday afternoon sounds great, but it sure is boring on film.” In other words, too much harmony and not enough conflict makes for a story that is about as exciting as watching paint dry.
Conflict is the driving force of a good story. No conflict, no story. But why is this the case? The answer lies in human nature. As humans, we instinctively look for balance and harmony in our lives. We simply don’t like being out of tune with our surroundings and ourselves. So, as soon as harmony is disrupted, we do whatever we can to restore it. We avoid unpleasant situations, feelings of stress or anxiety. If we have an unresolved problem with our loved ones, or our colleagues, it bothers us until we clear the air and return to a state of harmony. When faced with a problem—a conflict—we instinctively seek to find a solution. Conflict forces us to act. Thus, a story is set in motion by a change that __________ this sense of harmony.
① How  to  Be  a  Good  Movie  Actor
② Conflict:  The  Key  to  a  Good  Story
③ What  Causes  Conflicts  among  People?
④ Everyone  Can  Be  Someone’s  Superhero
⑤ Make  a  Difference  by  Changing  Yourself

Imagine Jaws without a hungry white shark, Superman without Kryptonite, or the tale of Little Red Riding Hood without a scary wolf: The teenagers would have had a great summer at the beach, Superman would not have had a worry in the world, and Little Red Riding Hood would visit her grandmother and then go home. Words like “boring” and “predictable” spring to mind! Movie director Nils Malmros once said, “Paradise on a Sunday afternoon sounds great, but it sure is boring on film.” In other words, too much harmony and not enough conflict makes for a story that is about as exciting as watching paint dry.
Conflict is the driving force of a good story. No conflict, no story. But why is this the case? The answer lies in human nature. As humans, we instinctively look for balance and harmony in our lives. We simply don’t like being out of tune with our surroundings and ourselves. So, as soon as harmony is disrupted, we do whatever we can to restore it. We avoid unpleasant situations, feelings of stress or anxiety. If we have an unresolved problem with our loved ones, or our colleagues, it bothers us until we clear the air and return to a state of harmony. When faced with a problem—a conflict—we instinctively seek to find a solution. Conflict forces us to act. Thus, a story is set in motion by a change that __________ this sense of harmony.
① disturbs
② simplifies
③ restores
④ promotes
⑤ represents

(A)
Captain Charlie Plumb was a U.S. Navy jet pilot. He flew many successful combat missions. However, on his 75th mission, his fighter plane was shot down. He ejected, and safely parachuted to the ground. But (a) he was captured and spent six years in a Vietnamese prison. He survived the ordeal and in 1973, returned to his hometown, where he was awarded the Silver Star Medal. Then, he lectured on lessons learned from his war experience.

*ordeal: 시련

(B)
After that experience, Plumb would ask the audiences of his lectures, “Who’s packing your parachute?” (b) He would go on to explain that we all have someone who has performed services for us that we take for granted. He inspired thousands of people through his lectures and was even selected as one of the ten top speakers in a poll of U.S. meeting planners.

(C)
One day, while traveling for a lecture, he was in a restaurant. A man came up to his table and said: “You’re Plumb! You flew jet fighters in Vietnam from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk. You were shot down.” Plumb looked at the man and asked: “How in the world did you know that?” (c) He replied: “I was a sailor on the Kitty Hawk. I packed your parachute that day.” Plumb shook the man’s hand and thanked him.
  
(D)
Plumb couldn’t sleep that night thinking about the sailor. He felt sorry because he neither recognized him nor remembered his name. He realized that as a fighter pilot, (d) he had never thought about who packed his parachute. Plumb also thought about the long hours this sailor and others had spent carefully folding and packing the parachutes for (e) his personal safety.
① (B)  -  (D)  -  (C)
② (C)  -  (B)  -  (D)
③ (C)  -  (D)  -  (B)
④ (D)  -  (B)  -  (C)
⑤ (D)  -  (C)  -  (B)

(A)
Captain Charlie Plumb was a U.S. Navy jet pilot. He flew many successful combat missions. However, on his 75th mission, his fighter plane was shot down. He ejected, and safely parachuted to the ground. But (a) he was captured and spent six years in a Vietnamese prison. He survived the ordeal and in 1973, returned to his hometown, where he was awarded the Silver Star Medal. Then, he lectured on lessons learned from his war experience.

*ordeal: 시련

(B)
After that experience, Plumb would ask the audiences of his lectures, “Who’s packing your parachute?” (b) He would go on to explain that we all have someone who has performed services for us that we take for granted. He inspired thousands of people through his lectures and was even selected as one of the ten top speakers in a poll of U.S. meeting planners.

(C)
One day, while traveling for a lecture, he was in a restaurant. A man came up to his table and said: “You’re Plumb! You flew jet fighters in Vietnam from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk. You were shot down.” Plumb looked at the man and asked: “How in the world did you know that?” (c) He replied: “I was a sailor on the Kitty Hawk. I packed your parachute that day.” Plumb shook the man’s hand and thanked him.
  
(D)
Plumb couldn’t sleep that night thinking about the sailor. He felt sorry because he neither recognized him nor remembered his name. He realized that as a fighter pilot, (d) he had never thought about who packed his parachute. Plumb also thought about the long hours this sailor and others had spent carefully folding and packing the parachutes for (e) his personal safety.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A)
Captain Charlie Plumb was a U.S. Navy jet pilot. He flew many successful combat missions. However, on his 75th mission, his fighter plane was shot down. He ejected, and safely parachuted to the ground. But (a) he was captured and spent six years in a Vietnamese prison. He survived the ordeal and in 1973, returned to his hometown, where he was awarded the Silver Star Medal. Then, he lectured on lessons learned from his war experience.

*ordeal: 시련

(B)
After that experience, Plumb would ask the audiences of his lectures, “Who’s packing your parachute?” (b) He would go on to explain that we all have someone who has performed services for us that we take for granted. He inspired thousands of people through his lectures and was even selected as one of the ten top speakers in a poll of U.S. meeting planners.

(C)
One day, while traveling for a lecture, he was in a restaurant. A man came up to his table and said: “You’re Plumb! You flew jet fighters in Vietnam from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk. You were shot down.” Plumb looked at the man and asked: “How in the world did you know that?” (c) He replied: “I was a sailor on the Kitty Hawk. I packed your parachute that day.” Plumb shook the man’s hand and thanked him.
  
(D)
Plumb couldn’t sleep that night thinking about the sailor. He felt sorry because he neither recognized him nor remembered his name. He realized that as a fighter pilot, (d) he had never thought about who packed his parachute. Plumb also thought about the long hours this sailor and others had spent carefully folding and packing the parachutes for (e) his personal safety.
① 전투임무  중  조종하던  전투기가  격추되었다.
② 고향으로  돌아와  은성훈장을  받았다.
③ 한  조사에서  10인의  명연설가  중  하나로  선정되었다.
④ 식당에서  자신을  알아본  남자를  만났다.
⑤ 낙하산을  포장해  준  선원의  이름을  기억하고  있었다.