Dear Mr. Luckman,

A few weeks ago I bought a decorative bowl manufactured by your company. Although it makes a beautiful centerpiece for my table, I noticed on the enclosed information leaflet that the bowl gives off harmful chemicals when microwaved. I think that many customers are unaware of the danger of chemical poisoning. Knowing how dangerous chemical poisoning is, I think it’s important that you adequately warn customers not to microwave the bowl. I suggest that you use bold print on the outside of the box. Clarify that the notice of harmful chemicals is a warning, not just a characteristic of the clay. Please consider this so that unnecessary poisoning does not occur.

Sincerely,
Andy Rooney

Early in his career as a pilot, Matt Brown was flying a twin-engine plane northeast out of Harlingen, Texas, when he noticed a drop in oil pressure in his right engine. He was alone, flying through the night at eleven thousand feet. He reduced altitude and kept an eye on the oil gauge, hoping to fly as far as a planned fuel stop in Louisiana, where he could service the plane, but the pressure kept falling. Matt has been messing around with piston engines since he was old enough to hold a wrench, and he knew he had a problem. If he let the oil pressure get too low, he risked the engine’s stopping. How much further could he fly before shutting it down? What would happen when he did? He breathed heavily and felt the dreadful cold sweat running down his back.

Like cross-training, cross-eating adds needed variety to your life―in this case, nutritional variety. Existing on a few dietary staples like bagels, bananas, and energy bars may leave you short on the fiber, vitamins, and minerals that are crucial for health. You should expand your nutrient repertoire. You can do this by trying a new food each week, or by getting in the habit of sampling new grains or pasta dishes at your local grocery store. Go for more variety at each meal by, for example, including two steamed vegetables and two grain foods (like rice and whole-grain bread) instead of a single source of each. Having more foods at each meal will also help control portion sizes, which may keep you from overloading on fat or sodium from one particular food.

*sodium: 나트륨

Guiding students’ progress through the math curriculum in a way that promotes successful, long-term learning and positive math attitudes requires paying attention to their different levels of achievable challenge and different learning strengths. Through this construct, students become engaged and open to acquiring the skills they need to progress to the next level. Individualized achievable challenge connects students to knowledge by communicating high expectations, confirming that they have the capacity to reach these goals, and showing them how to access the tools and support they need to reach goals they consider desirable. By engaging students and ensuring that they succeed frequently, we empower those who have math negativity by providing a sense of their growing knowledge of and appreciation for math.

Work was once seen as human penance for evil beginnings in the Garden of Eden. Over the years, as socioeconomic classes arose in society in the Middle Ages, work began to be seen as the curse of the poor. The wealthy in society did all they could to avoid labor, perhaps except for war, which was seen as noble. Eventually enlightened philosophers such as St. Thomas Aquinas and his contemporaries taught that work was important, especially if we used our surplus to help others. Their teachings influenced reformers such as Martin Luther, who explained that work was virtuous if we had integrity and were honest in our dealings with our fellow men. Later, as America and Canada expanded into new territories, work in contemporary society was described as a privilege of the free. Then, as we entered the 1900s, Henry Ford and other industrialists convinced us that work led to progress for our society and our families.

*penance: 속죄

Becoming indispensable can be as much about how you work as what you produce. Many employees believe they will receive the recognition they desire by attacking their work with a singular vision. They are driven with laser-beam focus, believing this will help them create optimal results that will showcase their talents and impress those at the top. But when you do this, something important is missing. A narrow focus tends to produce narrow results only valuable to your little corner of the company. The most successful employees are not those who focus solely on their own work. They are those who maintain a broader focus, keeping their tasks in line with what’s most important to the company and its future. Producing through the lens of the bigger picture will make your work seem larger than life, while work produced with a narrow focus is usually dismissed as “typical.”

The two pie charts above show the change in percentage of five U.S. immigrant sources between 1960 and 2013. ① In 1960, Europe/Canada was the largest source of U.S. immigrants, but it dropped to fourth place in 2013. ② The largest source for the nation’s immigrants in 2013 was Mexico. ③ The percentage of Mexico and Other Latin America together only accounted for 10% in 1960, but it increased to more than 50% in 2013. ④ The percentage of immigrant population born in South/East Asia increased to 26% in 2013, which was more than seven times that of 1960. ⑤ Though Europe/Canada was a dominant source making up more than 80% of U.S. immigrants in 1960, no single source contributed more than 30% in 2013.

North Yungas Road, known as ‘Death Road,’ connects the Yungas region of northern Bolivia to the capital, La Paz. The road was built in the 1930s during the Chaco War by Paraguayan prisoners of war. Starting from La Paz, this road first climbs to 4,650 meters, and then gradually descends to 1,200 meters at the town of Coroico. This drop is one of the longest stretches of continuous downhill road in the world. It’s mostly a single-lane road with no guard rails, and it has cliffs of up to 600 meters. The hazards include landslides and tumbling rocks, constant fog, tropical downpours and limited visibility. Unlike the rest of Bolivia, one of the local road rules specifies that vehicles are required to drive on the left side of the road to give the driver a better view of the vehicle’s outside wheel and make passing safer.

Meditation Class

Relieve your stress  and create a sense of lasting peace!
This class is suitable for both beginners and experienced meditators.

• Class Schedule
- This four-week class will start from May 2.
(7:00 p.m.-8:30 p.m., Monday through Friday)

• Tuition & Class Size
- No tuition (supported by the local government)
- A maximum of 30 people

• Notice
- Please bring your own yoga mat to class as we don’t provide any.
- No special clothing is required.
- Register at our website, www.meditationcool.com

Avana Park Bake Off

Join our seventh annual baking contest and show off your baking skills.

Saturday, May 14, 2016, 2 p.m.-4 p.m. at Avana Park

Judging will be based not only on taste but also on creativity.

Prizes will be given to the top three cakes.
1st prize: a kitchenware set
2nd prize: a coffeepot
3rd prize: a cookbook

• The entry fee is $20 per contestant.
• Entries are limited to one cake per contestant.
• Public cake tasting will begin at 5 p.m.
• All proceeds will be donated to Avana House, the local  charity that helps homeless people in the community.

For more information, please visit www.avanapark.org

We all want to believe that our brains sort through information in the most rational way ① possible. On the contrary, countless studies show that there are many weaknesses of human reasoning. Common weaknesses in reasoning ② exist across people of all ages and educational backgrounds. For example, confirmation bias is ubiquitous. People pay attention to information that supports their viewpoints, while ③ ignoring evidence to the contrary. Confirmation bias is not the same as being stubborn, and is not constrained to issues ④ about which people have strong opinions. Instead, it acts at a subconscious level to control the way we gather and filter information. Most of us are not aware of these types of flaws in our reasoning processes, but professionals who work to convince us of certain viewpoints ⑤ to study the research on human decision making to determine how to exploit our weaknesses to make us more susceptible to their messages.

*ubiquitous: 아주 흔한

With a power gap, the more hierarchical your culture or background, the greater the power gap is apt to be. This is because hierarchical cultures (A) decrease/reinforce the differences between managers and employees. If you tend to be more hierarchical in your orientation, you tend to put those in positions of authority at a higher level, and there is more respect for that status or position, divorced even from the person who occupies it. (B) Distance/Friendliness is seen as good if you have a hierarchical preference. It wouldn’t be proper for a manager to be too familiar with his employees. The effect is that any power gap that exists is magnified through the lens of this dimension. A greater power gap can result in decreased communication as well as increased misunderstandings and conflict, potentially leading to (C) missed/unlimited opportunities for building significant business and career relationships.

While working at the cash register in a shop, a young college student saw an elderly couple come in with their granddaughter in a wheelchair. The cashier looked closely at the child; ① she had no arms or legs. As the couple wheeled her up to the counter, the college student turned her head toward the girl and gave ② her a wink. As she took the money from the child’s grandparents, she looked back at the girl, who gave her a beaming smile. All of a sudden the child’s disability was gone and all the young student saw was this beautiful girl; ③ her smile was breathtaking and gave the college student a completely new sense of life. ④ She took the young cashier from being an unhappy college student into her world of smiles, love, and warmth. Several years later as a successful business person, the once unhappy college student remembered the remarkable lesson about life that the child taught ⑤ her that day.

If we can’t have everything we want today, what do we do? We are forced to make choices. We must choose some goods and services and not others. Sometimes this kind of choosing can be visibly painful. Have you ever watched children in a toy store with a gift certificate in hand? It can take them all day before they make a choice. And instead of bubbling with excitement over the toy they bought, they usually appear frustrated over not being able to walk away with everything! Life is like that. ___________ governs us. Because we cannot have everything all at once, we are forever forced to make choices. We can use our resources to satisfy only some of our wants, leaving many others unsatisfied.

Establishing protected areas with intact ecosystems is essential for species conservation. It is, however, shortsighted to rely solely on protected areas to preserve biodiversity. Such reliance can create a paradoxical situation in which species and ecosystems inside the protected areas are preserved while the same species and ecosystems outside are allowed to be damaged, which in turn results in ___________________. This is due in part to the fact that many species must migrate across protected area boundaries to access resources that the protected area itself cannot provide. In India, for example, tigers leave their protected areas to hunt in the surrounding human-dominated landscape. In general, the smaller the protected area, the more it depends on unprotected neighboring lands for the long-term maintenance of biodiversity. Unprotected areas, including those immediately outside protected areas, are thus crucial to an overall conservation strategy.

Our kitchens owe much to the brilliance of science, and a cook experimenting with mixtures at the stove is often not very different from a chemist in the lab: we add vinegar to red cabbage to fix the color and use baking soda to counteract the acidity of lemon in the cake. It is wrong to suppose, however, that ________________________________________. It is something more basic and older than this. Not every culture has had formal science―a form of organized knowledge about the universe that starts with Aristotle in the fourth century BC. The modern scientific method, in which experiments form part of a structured system of hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis is as recent as the seventeenth century; the problem-solving technology of cooking goes back thousands of years. Since the earliest Stone Age humans cut raw food with sharpened flints, we have always used invention to devise better ways to feed ourselves.

For any product, the last step of the recycling process is selling the new product. Unfortunately, it can be hard to find markets for some types of recyclables. Plastic companies generally prefer new plastic, ____(A)____, because it is of more consistent quality than recycled plastic. The new plastic is guaranteed to be free of incompatible polymers―the chemical from which plastics are made―that sometimes are mixed in when the plastic is not sorted well before recycling. Manufacturers say it is also easier to control the color of plastics that have no recycled content. ____(B)____, paper manufacturers complain that recycled paper often gets dirty during collection and sorting. The added expense of cleaning the paper makes it too expensive to use for some purposes.

Who could deny that the human body is a miracle? Imagine: each of us is safely housed within a bundle of blood, bone, and guts nurturing a little glow of life while suspended in a sea of constant change and danger.

(A) In other words, traditional housing approaches were specific to the culture, climate, and environment. Consider the igloo, a building using the thermal mass of ice to enclose heat and resist snow, or the ancient Egyptians’ ventilation domes that produced interior cooling amid burning desert heat.

(B) Housing, likewise, originally developed slowly within particular human cultures and in response to specific climates and environments. Each culture around the world crafted a unique style of housing from the fabric of their surroundings.

(C) The miracle becomes even more amazing when you consider the long, slow, evolutionary process of give and take that produced the human body. Our bodies developed with nature, within it, as part of it, over time.

Adolescence is a stage of development in which teens have superb cognitive abilities and high rates of learning and memory because they are still riding on the heightened synaptic plasticity of childhood.

(A) This means a little bit of stimulation to a teenage brain whose synapses are firing all over the place leads to wanting more stimulation that can, in certain situations, result in a kind of overlearning. The more commonly known name for this overlearning is addiction.

(B) These abilities give them a distinct advantage over adults, but because they are so primed to learn, they are also extremely vulnerable to learning the wrong things. How does this happen?

(C) It is all because the brain wants rewards and anything that is learned, good or bad, that stimulates the production of dopamine is interpreted by the brain as a reward.

*synaptic plasticity: 시냅스 가소성  **primed: 준비가 되어 있는

But if you poured a small bucket of water into the line first, the empty space was quickly eliminated, enabling the water to flow with less effort.

Undoing a negative tie begins with giving up something of value rather than asking for a “fair trade.” If you give and then ask for something right away in return, you don’t establish a relationship; you carry out a transaction. ( ① ) When done correctly, reciprocity is like getting the pump ready. ( ② ) In the old days, pumps required lots of effort to produce any water. ( ③ ) You had to repeatedly work a lever to eliminate a vacuum in the line before water could flow. ( ④ ) Reciprocity with a rival works in much the same way. ( ⑤ ) Reflect carefully on what you should give and, ideally, choose something that requires little effort from the other party to reciprocate.

In a different paradigm, human health and ecological survival would be paramount, and industrial activities that undermine these goals would be prohibited outright.

Unfortunately many organizations and political leaders working to improve environmental and social conditions operate unquestioningly from within the paradigm. ( ① ) However, to paraphrase Einstein, problems cannot be solved from within the same paradigm in which they were created. ( ② ) A good example is the cap and trade approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. ( ③ ) In this scenario, private companies are permitted to sell their “right” to pollute to other companies, which can then pollute more, in the belief that the free hand of the market will find the most efficient opportunities for greenhouse gas reductions. ( ④ ) But viewing pollution as a “right” and relying on the market to solve environmental problems reinforces the very paradigm that got us into this mess. ( ⑤ ) The right to clean air and a healthy climate would win over the right to pollute.

*cap and trade: 배출권 거래제

Not until the rise of ecology at the beginning of the twentieth century did people begin to think seriously of land as a natural system with interconnecting parts. ① A century earlier, Thomas Jefferson had vigorously promoted an orderly division of the American land, beginning with the Northwest Territory. ② Surveyors were sent forth to draw rectangular grids on the land, dividing the wilds into counties, townships, and ultimately homesteads, with little concern for terrain or other natural features. ③ They adopted the environmentally friendly system even though they did not see a profit in it. ④ That system had its virtues, but in time ecology made the lines appear artificial. ⑤ As some observers would come to see it, the rectangular grid system caused as much harm as it did good.

*homestead: 정부 공여 농지

Mitterer and de Ruiter used a color categorization paradigm to study the relationship between “world knowledge” and color categories. First, half of the observers saw typically orange objects (e.g., carrot) in a good orange and typically yellow objects (e.g., banana) in a hue midway between orange and yellow. The other half saw typically orange objects in the intermediate hue and typically yellow objects in a good yellow. Later, observers were asked to categorize a color-neutral object (e.g., sock) colored somewhere between yellow and orange as either yellow or orange. The researchers found that if the observers had seen typically yellow objects in the intermediate hue, this hue was subsequently categorized as yellow. The reverse was true for the observers who had seen typically orange objects in the intermediate hue.

After observers were ____(A)____ a typically yellow or orange object in an intermediate hue, they thought the intermediate hue of a color-neutral object ____(B)____ the category of the previous object’s typical color.

The overabundance of available storage capacity makes it easy for us to shift our behavioral default regarding external memory from forgetting to remembering. We save different versions of the documents we are working on to our hard disks. And we store images and music files, on the assumption that perhaps some day we might need them. Storing information has become fantastically convenient, but it’s more than convenience that makes us preserve. The truth is that the economics of storage have made forgetting brutally expensive. Consider digital cameras: When you connect your camera to your computer to upload the images you took onto your hard disk, you are usually given a choice. You can either select which images to upload, or have your computer copy automatically all images from your camera. Reassured perhaps by the soothing idea that one can always go through them later and delete the images one does not like, invariably most people choose the latter option. Economically speaking, this makes sense. Assuming it takes only three seconds for a person to look at an image and decide whether to preserve it or not, and that she values her own time at a current average wage, the “cost” of the time alone that it takes to decide ____________ the cost of storage. With such an abundance of cheap storage, it is simply no longer economical to even decide whether to remember or forget. Forgetting―the three seconds it takes to choose―has become too expensive for people to use.

The overabundance of available storage capacity makes it easy for us to shift our behavioral default regarding external memory from forgetting to remembering. We save different versions of the documents we are working on to our hard disks. And we store images and music files, on the assumption that perhaps some day we might need them. Storing information has become fantastically convenient, but it’s more than convenience that makes us preserve. The truth is that the economics of storage have made forgetting brutally expensive. Consider digital cameras: When you connect your camera to your computer to upload the images you took onto your hard disk, you are usually given a choice. You can either select which images to upload, or have your computer copy automatically all images from your camera. Reassured perhaps by the soothing idea that one can always go through them later and delete the images one does not like, invariably most people choose the latter option. Economically speaking, this makes sense. Assuming it takes only three seconds for a person to look at an image and decide whether to preserve it or not, and that she values her own time at a current average wage, the “cost” of the time alone that it takes to decide the cost of storage. With such an abundance of cheap storage, it is simply no longer economical to even decide whether to remember or forget. Forgetting―the three seconds it takes to choose―has become too

(A)
Julia, a counsellor, recently encountered an example of the joyful turning point while working with her client Angela. Angela came to see Julia because she was having doubts about her career plans. For the last three years Angela had worked as a legal analyst at a company. The problem was that (a) she didn’t have much of a passion for law. She had never enjoyed reading law books, or attended a legal workshop because she was eager to learn.

(B)
Julia kept encouraging Angela and Angela began to think about how she could get involved in acting. She remembered that there were some people at her work who were interested in acting. The next week at work, Angela sent an email to her colleagues announcing her interest in starting a drama group. Four people agreed to join her. When Angela described their first meeting during (b) her next session with Julia, she was so excited that she was practically leaping out of her chair.

(C)
As Angela described her situation, Julia noted that there was little enthusiasm in her voice. So the first thing (c) she decided to do was to help Angela increase the fun in her life. Julia asked her if there were any fun things she would like to do. Angela mentioned that for a long time she had wanted to get back into acting, which she used to do in college. As (d) she talked about her acting experiences, she spoke enthusiastically and Julia felt it was like watching an entirely different person.

(D)
Now Angela realized that she wanted to work in a setting where she could interact with many different types of people in a fun, supportive way. This, she saw, was unlikely to occur in the legal profession. After exploring many possibilities, Angela ended up becoming a drama teacher at a high school. She has found that (e) she no longer needed to be a “zombie” at work. She is now free to let her enthusiastic personality come out.

(A)
Julia, a counsellor, recently encountered an example of the joyful turning point while working with her client Angela. Angela came to see Julia because she was having doubts about her career plans. For the last three years Angela had worked as a legal analyst at a company. The problem was that (a) she didn’t have much of a passion for law. She had never enjoyed reading law books, or attended a legal workshop because she was eager to learn.

(B)
Julia kept encouraging Angela and Angela began to think about how she could get involved in acting. She remembered that there were some people at her work who were interested in acting. The next week at work, Angela sent an email to her colleagues announcing her interest in starting a drama group. Four people agreed to join her. When Angela described their first meeting during (b) her next session with Julia, she was so excited that she was practically leaping out of her chair.

(C)
As Angela described her situation, Julia noted that there was little enthusiasm in her voice. So the first thing (c) she decided to do was to help Angela increase the fun in her life. Julia asked her if there were any fun things she would like to do. Angela mentioned that for a long time she had wanted to get back into acting, which she used to do in college. As (d) she talked about her acting experiences, she spoke enthusiastically and Julia felt it was like watching an entirely different person.

(D)
Now Angela realized that she wanted to work in a setting where she could interact with many different types of people in a fun, supportive way. This, she saw, was unlikely to occur in the legal profession. After exploring many possibilities, Angela ended up becoming a drama teacher at a high school. She has found that (e) she no longer needed to be a “zombie” at work. She is now free to let her enthusiastic personality come out.

(A)
Julia, a counsellor, recently encountered an example of the joyful turning point while working with her client Angela. Angela came to see Julia because she was having doubts about her career plans. For the last three years Angela had worked as a legal analyst at a company. The problem was that (a) she didn’t have much of a passion for law. She had never enjoyed reading law books, or attended a legal workshop because she was eager to learn.

(B)
Julia kept encouraging Angela and Angela began to think about how she could get involved in acting. She remembered that there were some people at her work who were interested in acting. The next week at work, Angela sent an email to her colleagues announcing her interest in starting a drama group. Four people agreed to join her. When Angela described their first meeting during (b) her next session with Julia, she was so excited that she was practically leaping out of her chair.

(C)
As Angela described her situation, Julia noted that there was little enthusiasm in her voice. So the first thing (c) she decided to do was to help Angela increase the fun in her life. Julia asked her if there were any fun things she would like to do. Angela mentioned that for a long time she had wanted to get back into acting, which she used to do in college. As (d) she talked about her acting experiences, she spoke enthusiastically and Julia felt it was like watching an entirely different person.

(D)
Now Angela realized that she wanted to work in a setting where she could interact with many different types of people in a fun, supportive way. This, she saw, was unlikely to occur in the legal profession. After exploring many possibilities, Angela ended up becoming a drama teacher at a high school. She has found that (e) she no longer needed to be a “zombie” at work. She is now free to let her enthusiastic personality come out.