Dear Residents,

My name is Kari Patterson, and I’m the manager of the River View Apartments. It’s time to take advantage of the sunny weather to make our community more beautiful. On Saturday, July 13 at 9 a.m., residents will meet in the north parking lot. We will divide into teams to plant flowers and small trees, pull weeds, and put colorful decorations on the lawn. Please join us for this year’s Gardening Day, and remember no special skills or tools are required. Last year, we had a great time working together, so come out and make this year’s event even better!

Warm regards,
Kari Patterson
① 아파트  내  정원  조성에  대한  의견을  수렴하려고
② 정원가꾸기  날  행사에  참여할  것을  독려하려고
③ 쓰레기를  지정된  장소에  버릴  것을  당부하려고
④ 지하  주차장  공사  일정에  대해  공지하려고
⑤ 정원박람회  개최  날짜  변경을  안내하려고

It was the championship race. Emma was the final runner on her relay team. She anxiously waited in her spot for her teammate to pass her the baton. Emma wasn’t sure she could perform her role without making a mistake. Her hands shook as she thought, “What if I drop the baton?” She felt her heart rate increasing as her teammate approached. But as she started running, she received the baton smoothly. In the final 10 meters, she passed two other runners and crossed the finish line in first place! She raised her hands in the air, and a huge smile came across her face. As her teammates hugged her, she shouted, “We did it!” All of her hard training had been worth it.
① nervous  →  excited
② doubtful  →  regretful
③ confident  →  upset
④ hopeful  →  disappointed
⑤ indifferent  →  amused

Most people resist the idea of a true self­-estimate, probably because they fear it might mean downgrading some of their beliefs about who they are and what they’re capable of. As Goethe’s maxim goes, it is a great failing “to see yourself as more than you are.” How could you really be considered self­-aware if you refuse to consider your weaknesses? Don’t fear self­-assessment because you’re worried you might have to admit some things about yourself. The second half of Goethe’s maxim is important too. He states that it is equally damaging to “value yourself at less than your true worth.” We underestimate our capabilities just as much and just as dangerously as we overestimate other abilities. Cultivate the ability to judge yourself accurately and honestly. Look inward to discern what you’re capable of and what it will take to unlock that potential.

* maxim: 격언
① 주관적  기준으로  타인을  평가하는  것을  피해야  한다.
② 정확하고  정직하게  자신을  평가하는  능력을  길러야  한다.
③ 자신이  가진  잠재력을  믿고  다양한  분야에  도전해야  한다.
④ 다른  사람과  비교하기보다는  자신의  성장에  주목해야  한다.
⑤ 문제를  해결하기  위해  근본  원인을  정확하게  분석해야  한다.

Take a look at some of the most powerful, rich, and famous people in the world. Ignore the trappings of their success and what they’re able to buy. Look instead at what they’re forced to trade in return ― look at what success has cost them. Mostly? Freedom. Their work demands they wear a suit. Their success depends on attending certain parties, kissing up to people they don’t like. It will require ― inevitably ― realizing they are unable to say what they actually think. Worse, it demands that they become a different type of person or do bad things. Sure, it might pay well — but they haven’t truly examined the transaction. As Seneca put it, “Slavery resides under marble and gold.” Too many successful people are prisoners in jails of their own making. Is that what you want? Is that what you’re working hard toward? Let’s hope not.

* trappings: 장식
① Your  success  requires  you  to  act  in  ways  you  don’t  want  to.
② Fame  cannot  be  achieved  without  the  help  of  others.
③ Comparing  yourself  to  others  makes  you  miserable.
④ Hard  labor  guarantees  glory  and  happiness  in  the  future.
⑤ There  exists  freedom  in  the  appearance  of  your  success.

If a firm is going to be saved by the government, it might be easier to concentrate on lobbying the government for more money rather than taking the harder decision of restructuring the company to be able to be profitable and viable in the long term. This is an example of something known as moral hazard ― when government support alters the decisions firms take. For example, if governments rescue banks who get into difficulty, as they did during the credit crisis of 2007-08, this could encourage banks to take greater risks in the future because they know there is a possibility that governments will intervene if they lose money. Although the government rescue may be well intended, it can negatively affect the behavior of banks, encouraging risky and poor decision making.

* viable: 성장할 수 있는
① 기업에  대한  정부의  지원이  새로운  기술의  도입을  촉진한다.
② 현명한  소비자들은  윤리적  기업의  제품을  선택하는  경향이  있다.
③ 정부와  기업은  협력으로  사회적  문제의  해결책을  모색할  수  있다.
④ 정부의  구제는  기업의  의사  결정에  부정적인  영향을  미칠  수  있다.
⑤ 합리적  의사  결정은  다양한  대안에  대한  평가를  통해  이루어진다

If there is little or no diversity of views, and all scientists see, think, and question the world in a similar way, then they will not, as a community, be as objective as they maintain they are, or at least aspire to be. The solution is that there should be far greater diversity in the practice of science: in gender, ethnicity, and social and cultural backgrounds. Science works because it is carried out by people who pursue their curiosity about the natural world and test their and each other’s ideas from as many varied perspectives and angles as possible. When science is done by a diverse group of people, and if consensus builds up about a particular area of scientific knowledge, then we can have more confidence in its objectivity and truth.

* consensus: 일치
① value  of  acquiring  scientific  knowledge  through  trial  and  error
② necessity  of  various  perspectives  in  practicing  science
③ benefits  of  building  good  relationships  among  scientists
④ curiosity  as  a  key  factor  in  designing  experiments
⑤ importance  of  specialization  in  scientific  research

We tend to break up time into units, such as weeks, months, and seasons; in a series of studies among farmers in India and students in North America, psychologists found that if a deadline is on the other side of a “break” ― such as
in the New Year ― we’re more likely to see it as remote, and, as a result, be less ready to jump into action. What you need to do in that situation is find another way to think about the timeframe. For example, if it’s November and the deadline is in January, it’s better to tell yourself you have to get it done “this winter” rather than “next year.” The best approach is to view deadlines as a challenge that you have to meet within a period that’s imminent. That way the stress is more manageable, and you have a better chance of starting ― and therefore finishing ― in good time.

* imminent: 임박한
① Delayed  Deadlines:  No  Hurries,  No  Worries
② How  Stress  Affects  Your  Perception  of  Time
③ Why  Do  We  Manage  Our  Tasks  Worse  in  Winter?
④ Trick  Your  Mind  to  Get  Your  Work  Done  in  Time
⑤ The  Sooner  You  Start,  The  More  Errors  You  Make

The graph above shows the amount of CO₂ emissions per person across selected Asian countries in 2010 and 2020. ① All the countries except Uzbekistan had a greater amount of CO₂ emissions per person in 2020 than that in 2010. ② In 2010, the amount of CO₂ emissions per person of China was the largest among the five countries, followed by that of Mongolia. ③ However, in 2020, Mongolia surpassed China in terms of the amount of CO₂ emissions per person, with the amount of Mongolia more than twice that of China. ④ In 2010, Uzbekistan produced a larger amount of CO₂ emissions per person than Vietnam, while the opposite was true in 2020. ⑤ Among the five countries, India was the only one where the amount of CO₂ emissions per person was less than 2 tons in 2020.

Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817. When he was 16, he entered Harvard College. After graduating, Thoreau worked as a schoolteacher but he quit after two weeks. In June of 1838 he set up a school with his brother John. However, he had hopes of becoming a nature poet. In 1845, he moved into a small self­-built house near Walden Pond. At Walden, Thoreau did an incredible amount of reading. The journal he wrote there became the source of his most famous book, Walden. In his later life, Thoreau traveled to the Maine woods, to Cape Cod, and to Canada. At the age of 43, he ended his travels and returned to Concord. Although his works were not widely read during his lifetime, he never stopped writing, and his works fill 20 volumes.
① 졸업한  후에  교사로  일했다.
② 자연  시인이  되기를  희망했다.
③ Walden에서  엄청난  양의  독서를  했다.
④ 43세에  여행을  마치고  Concord로  돌아왔다.
⑤ 그의  작품은  그의  일생  동안  널리  읽혔다.

2024 Future Engineers Camp

Calling all young creators! Join us at Southside Maker Space to explore the wonders of engineering with exciting activities.

Date: Saturday, July 20 & Sunday, July 21
Time: 10 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Ages: 14 to 16
Participation Fee: $100

Day 1 - Robotics Workshop
∙ Learn basic coding skills.
∙ Work in teams to build mini­robots.

Day 2 - Flying Challenge
∙ Make and test toy airplanes.
∙ Participate in an airplane flying race.

Notes
∙ Lunch is included in the participation fee.
∙ All tools and materials for the projects are provided.

For more information, please visit www.southsidemaker.com.
① 오전  10시부터  오후  4시까지  진행된다.
② 참가비는  100달러이다.
③ 기본적인  코딩  기술을  배운다.
④ 장난감  비행기를  만들고  테스트한다.
⑤ 점심  식사는  참가비에  포함되지  않는다.

Taste the City

Experience Jamestown’s diverse and delicious food culture all in one place. Enjoy tasty treats, and discover new restaurants!

When & Where
∙ September 6th - 8th (10 a.m. - 9 p.m.)
∙ Grand Park

Highlights
∙ 30 kinds of food samples provided by local restaurants
∙ Live music performances each evening
∙ Cooking classes with experienced chefs

Entry Tickets
∙ Adult: $15
∙ Child: $10

※ No pre­reservations necessary, just show up and enjoy.
① 9월  6일부터  일주일  동안  열린다.
② 라이브  음악  공연이  하루  종일  진행된다.
③ 숙련된  요리사들과의  요리  수업이  있다.
④ 어른과  아이의  입장권  가격은  동일하다.
⑤ 사전  예약이  필요하다.

The built­-in capacity for smiling is proven by the remarkable observation ① that babies who are congenitally both deaf and blind, who have never seen a human face, also start to smile at around 2 months. However, smiling in blind babies eventually ② disappears if nothing is done to reinforce it. Without the right feedback, smiling dies out. But here’s a fascinating fact: blind babies will continue to smile if they are cuddled, bounced, nudged, and tickled by an adult ― anything to let ③ them know that they are not alone and that someone cares about them. This social feedback encourages the baby to continue smiling. In this way, early experience operates with our biology ④ to establish social behaviors. In fact, you don’t need the cases of blind babies to make the point. Babies with sight smile more at you when you look at them or, better still, ⑤ smiling back at them.

* congenitally: 선천적으로 ** cuddle: 껴안다
*** nudge: 팔꿈치로 쿡쿡 찌르다

Because people tend to adapt, interrupting positive things with negative ones can actually increase enjoyment. Take commercials. Most people hate them, so ① removing them should make shows or other entertainment more enjoyable. But the opposite is true. Shows are actually ② more enjoyable when they’re broken up by annoying commercials. Because these less enjoyable moments break up adaptation to the ③ positive experience of the show. Think about eating chocolate chips. The first chip is delicious: sweet, melt­-in-­your­-mouth goodness. The second chip is also pretty good. But by the fourth, fifth, or tenth chip in a row, the goodness is no longer as pleasurable. We adapt. Interspersing positive experiences with less positive ones, however, can ④ accelerate adaptation. Eating a Brussels sprout between chocolate chips or viewing commercials between parts of TV shows disrupts the process. The less positive moment makes the ⑤ following positive one new again and thus more enjoyable.

* intersperse: 흩뿌리다 ** Brussels sprout: 방울양배추

We collect stamps, coins, vintage cars even when they serve no practical purpose. The post office doesn’t accept the old stamps, the banks don’t take old coins, and the vintage cars are no longer allowed on the road. These are all side issues; the attraction is that they are in _________________. In one study, students were asked to arrange ten posters in order of attractiveness ― with the agreement that afterward they could keep one poster as a reward for their participation. Five minutes later, they were told that the poster with the third highest rating was no longer available. Then they were asked to judge all ten from scratch. The poster that was no longer available was suddenly classified as the most beautiful. In psychology, this phenomenon is called reactance: when we are deprived of an option, we suddenly deem it more attractive.
① short  supply
② good  shape
③ current  use
④ great  excess
⑤ constant  production

If we’ve invested in something that hasn’t repaid us ― be it money in a failing venture, or time in an unhappy relationship ― we find it very difficult to walk away. This is the sunk cost fallacy. Our instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our investment will prove to be worthwhile in the end. Giving up would mean acknowledging that we’ve wasted something we can’t get back, and that thought is so painful that we prefer to avoid it if we can. The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then staying with it simply increases the amount we lose. Rather than walk away from a bad five-­year relationship, for example, we turn it into a bad 10­-year relationship; rather than accept that we’ve lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another thousand and lose that too. In the end, by delaying the pain of admitting our problem, we only add to it. Sometimes we just have to _______________.
① reduce  profit
② offer  rewards
③ cut  our  losses
④ stick  to  the  plan
⑤ pay  off  our  debt

On our little world, light travels, for all practical purposes, instantaneously. If a lightbulb is glowing, then of course it’s physically where we see it, shining away. We reach out our hand and touch it: It’s there all right, and unpleasantly hot. If the filament fails, then the light goes out. We don’t see it in the same place, glowing, illuminating the room years after the bulb breaks and it’s removed from its socket. The very notion seems nonsensical. But if we’re far enough away, an entire sun can go out and we’ll continue to see it shining brightly; we won’t learn of its death, it may be, for ages to come ― in fact, for how long it takes light, which travels fast but not infinitely fast, to cross the intervening vastness. The immense distances to the stars and the galaxies mean that we __________________________________________.

* instantaneously: 순간적으로 ** intervene: 사이에 들다
① see  everything  in  space  in  the  past
② can  predict  when  our  sun  will  go  out
③ lack  evidence  of  life  on  other  planets
④ rely  on  the  sun  as  a  measure  of  time
⑤ can  witness  the  death  of  a  star  as  it  dies

Financial markets do more than take capital from the rich and lend it to everyone else. They enable each of us to smooth consumption over our lifetimes, which is a fancy way of saying that we don’t have to spend income at the same time we earn it. Shakespeare may have admonished us to be neither borrowers nor lenders; the fact is that most of us will be both at some point. If we lived in an agrarian society, we would have to eat our crops reasonably soon after the harvest or find some way to store them. Financial markets are a more sophisticated way of managing the harvest. We can spend income now that we have not yet earned ―as by borrowing for college or a home ―or we can earn income now and spend it later, as by saving for retirement. The important point is that  __________________________________________, allowing us much more flexibility in life.

* admonish: 권고하다 ** agrarian: 농업(농민)의
① we  can  ignore  the  complexity  of  financial  markets
② earning  income  has  been  divorced  from  spending  it
③ financial  markets  can  regulate  our  impulses
④ we  sell  our  crops  as  soon  as  we  harvest  them
⑤ managing  working  hours  has  become  easier  than  ever

As the old joke goes: “Software, free. User manual, $10,000.” But it’s no joke. A couple of high-­profile companies make their living selling instruction and paid support for free software. The copy of code, being mere bits, is free. The lines of free code become valuable to you only through support and guidance. ① A lot of medical and genetic information will go this route in the coming decades. ② Right now getting a full copy of all your DNA is very expensive ($10,000), but soon it won’t be. ③ The public exposure of people’s personal genetic information will undoubtedly cause serious legal and ethical problems. ④ The price is dropping so fast, it will be $100 soon, and then the next year insurance companies will offer to sequence you for free. ⑤ When a copy of your sequence costs nothing, the interpretation of what it means, what you can do about it, and how to use it ― the manual for your genes ― will be expensive.

* sequence: (유전자) 배열 순서를 밝히다

Brains are expensive in terms of energy. Twenty percent of the calories we consume are used to power the brain.

(A) By directing your attention, they perform tricks with their hands in full view. Their actions should give away the game, but they can rest assured that your brain processes only small bits of the visual scene.

(B) So brains try to operate in the most energy-­efficient way possible, and that means processing only the minimum amount of information from our senses that we need to navigate the world. Neuroscientists weren’t the first to discover that fixing your gaze on something is no guarantee of seeing it. Magicians figured this out long ago.

(C) This all helps to explain the prevalence of traffic accidents in which drivers hit pedestrians in plain view, or collide with cars directly in front of them. In many ofthese cases, the eyes are pointed in the right direction, but the brain isn’t seeing what’s really out there.

* prevalence: 널리 행하여짐 ** pedestrian: 보행자 *** collide: 충돌하다
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A)

Buying a television is current consumption. It makes us happy today but does nothing to make us richer tomorrow. Yes, money spent on a television keeps workers employed at the television factory.

(A) The crucial difference between these scenarios is that a college education makes a young person more productive for the rest of his or her life; a sports car does not. Thus, college tuition is an investment; buying a sports car is consumption.

(B) But if the same money were invested, it would create jobs somewhere else, say for scientists in a laboratory or workers on a construction site, while also making us richer in the long run.

(C) Think about college as an example. Sending students to college creates jobs for professors. Using the same money to buy fancy sports cars for high school graduates would create jobs for auto workers.
① (A)  -  (C)  -  (B)
② (B)  -  (A)  -  (C)
③ (B)  -  (C)  -  (A)
④ (C)  -  (A)  -  (B)
⑤ (C)  -  (B)  -  (A)

But the Net doesn’t just connect us with businesses; it connects us with one another.

The Net differs from most of the mass media it replaces in an obvious and very important way: it’s bidirectional. ( ① ) We can send messages through the network as well as receive them, which has made the system all the more useful. ( ② ) The ability to exchange information online, to upload as well as download, has turned the Net into a thoroughfare for business and commerce. ( ③ ) With a few clicks, people can search virtual catalogues, place orders, track shipments, and update information in corporate databases. ( ④ ) It’s a personal broadcasting medium as well as a commercial one. ( ⑤ ) Millions of people use it to distribute their own digital creations, in the form of blogs, videos, photos, songs, and podcasts, as well as to critique, edit, or otherwise modify the creations of others.

* bidirectional: 두 방향으로 작용하는 ** thoroughfare: 통로

Instead, automation created hundreds of millions of jobs in entirely new fields.

Imagine that seven out of ten working Americans got fired tomorrow. What would they all do? It’s hard to believe you’d have an economy at all if you gave pink slips to more than half the labor force. But that is what the industrial revolution did to the workforce of the early 19th century. Two hundred years ago, 70 percent of American workers lived on the farm. ( ① ) Today automation has eliminated all but 1 percentof their jobs, replacing them with machines. ( ② ) But the displaced workers did not sit idle. ( ③ ) Those who once farmed were now manning the factories that manufactured farm equipment, cars, and other industrial products. ( ④ ) Since then, wave upon wave of new occupations have arrived — appliance repair person, food chemist, photographer, web designer — each building on previous automation. ( ⑤ ) Today, the vast majority of us are doing jobs that no farmer from the 1800s could have imagined.

* pink slip: 해고 통지서

Many things spark envy : ownership, status, health, youth, talent, popularity, beauty. It is often confused with jealousy because the physical reactions are identical. The difference: the subject of envy is a thing (status, money, health etc.). The subject of jealousy is the behaviour of a third person. Envy needs two people. Jealousy, on the other hand, requires three: Peter is jealous of Sam because the beautiful girl next door rings him instead. Paradoxically, with envy we direct resentments toward those who are most similar to us in age, career and residence. We don’t envy businesspeople from the century before last. We don’t envy millionaires on the other side of the globe. As a writer, I don’t envy musicians, managers or dentists, but other writers. As a CEO you envy other, bigger CEOs. As a supermodel you envy more successful supermodels. Aristotle knew this: ‘Potters envy potters.’

Jealousy involves three parties, focusing on the ___(A)___of a third person, whereas envy involves two individuals whose personal circumstances are most ___(B)___ , with one person resenting the other.
① actions  ……  different
② possessions  ……  unique
③ goals  ……  ordinary
④ possessions  ……  favorable
⑤ actions  ……  alike

We have biases that support our biases! If we’re partial to one option ―perhaps because it’s more memorable, or framed to minimize loss, or seemingly consistent with a promising pattern ―we tend to search for information that will (a) justify choosing that option. On the one hand, it’s sensible to make choices that we can defend with data and a list of reasons. On the other hand, if we’re not careful, we’re (b) likely to conduct an imbalanced analysis, falling prey to a cluster of errors collectively known as “confirmation biases.”
For example, nearly all companies include classic “tell me about yourself” job interviews as part of the hiring process, and many rely on these interviews alone to evaluate applicants. But it turns out that traditional interviews are actually one of the (c) least useful tools for predicting an employee’s future success. This is because interviewers often subconsciously make up their minds about interviewees based on their first few moments of interaction and spend the rest of the interview cherry-­picking evidence and phrasing their questions to (d) confirm that initial impression: “I see here you left a good position at your previous job. You must be pretty ambitious, right?” versus “You must not have been very committed, huh?” This means that interviewers can be prone to (e) noticing significant information that would clearly indicate whether this candidate was actually the best person to hire. More structured approaches, like obtaining samples of a candidate’s work or asking how he would respond to difficult hypothetical situations, are dramatically better at assessing future success, with a nearly threefold advantage over traditional interviews.
① Bias  Trap:  How  Our  Preconceptions  Mislead  Us
② Utilize  the  Power  of  Similar  Personality  Types!
③ More  Information  Adds  Up  to  Worse  Choices
④ Why  Are  You  Persuaded  by  Others’  Perspectives?
⑤ Interviews:  The  Fairest  Judgment  for  All  Applicants

We have biases that support our biases! If we’re partial to one option ―perhaps because it’s more memorable, or framed to minimize loss, or seemingly consistent with a promising pattern ―we tend to search for information that will (a) justify choosing that option. On the one hand, it’s sensible to make choices that we can defend with data and a list of reasons. On the other hand, if we’re not careful, we’re (b) likely to conduct an imbalanced analysis, falling prey to a cluster of errors collectively known as “confirmation biases.”
For example, nearly all companies include classic “tell me about yourself” job interviews as part of the hiring process, and many rely on these interviews alone to evaluate applicants. But it turns out that traditional interviews are actually one of the (c) least useful tools for predicting an employee’s future success. This is because interviewers often subconsciously make up their minds about interviewees based on their first few moments of interaction and spend the rest of the interview cherry-­picking evidence and phrasing their questions to (d) confirm that initial impression: “I see here you left a good position at your previous job. You must be pretty ambitious, right?” versus “You must not have been very committed, huh?” This means that interviewers can be prone to (e) noticing significant information that would clearly indicate whether this candidate was actually the best person to hire. More structured approaches, like obtaining samples of a candidate’s work or asking how he would respond to difficult hypothetical situations, are dramatically better at assessing future success, with a nearly threefold advantage over traditional interviews.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A) On Saturday morning, Todd and his 5­year­old daughter Ava walked out of the store with the groceries they had just purchased. As they pushed their grocery cart through the parking lot, they saw a red car pulling into the space next to their pick­up truck. A young man named Greg was driving. “That’s a cool car,” Ava said to her dad. (a) He agreed and looked at Greg, who finished parking and opened his door.

(B) By this time, Greg had already pulled one thin wheel out of his car and attached it to the frame. He was now pulling a second wheel out when he looked up and saw Todd standing near him. Todd said, “Hi there! Have a great weekend!” Greg seemed a bit surprised, but replied by wishing (b) him a great weekend too. Then Greg added, “Thanks for letting me have my independence.” “Of course,” Todd said.

(C) As Todd finished loading his groceries, Greg’s door remained open. Todd noticed Greg didn’t get out of his car. But he was pulling something from his car. He put a metal frame on the ground beside his door. Remaining in the driver’s seat, he then reached back into (c) his car to grab something else. Todd realized what he was doing and considered whether (d) he should try to help him. After a moment, he decided to approach Greg.

(D) After Todd and Ava climbed into their truck, Ava became curious. So she asked why (e) he didn’t offer to help the man with his wheelchair. Todd said, “Why do you insist on brushing your teeth without my help?” She answered, “Because I know how to!” He said, “And the man knows how to put together his wheelchair.” Ava understood that sometimes the best way to help someone is to not help at all.
① (B)  -  (D)  -  (C)
② (C)  -  (B)  -  (D)
③ (C)  -  (D)  -  (B)
④ (D)  -  (B)  -  (C)
⑤ (D)  -  (C)  -  (B)

(A) On Saturday morning, Todd and his 5­year­old daughter Ava walked out of the store with the groceries they had just purchased. As they pushed their grocery cart through the parking lot, they saw a red car pulling into the space next to their pick­up truck. A young man named Greg was driving. “That’s a cool car,” Ava said to her dad. (a) He agreed and looked at Greg, who finished parking and opened his door.

(B) By this time, Greg had already pulled one thin wheel out of his car and attached it to the frame. He was now pulling a second wheel out when he looked up and saw Todd standing near him. Todd said, “Hi there! Have a great weekend!” Greg seemed a bit surprised, but replied by wishing (b) him a great weekend too. Then Greg added, “Thanks for letting me have my independence.” “Of course,” Todd said.

(C) As Todd finished loading his groceries, Greg’s door remained open. Todd noticed Greg didn’t get out of his car. But he was pulling something from his car. He put a metal frame on the ground beside his door. Remaining in the driver’s seat, he then reached back into (c) his car to grab something else. Todd realized what he was doing and considered whether (d) he should try to help him. After a moment, he decided to approach Greg.

(D) After Todd and Ava climbed into their truck, Ava became curious. So she asked why (e) he didn’t offer to help the man with his wheelchair. Todd said, “Why do you insist on brushing your teeth without my help?” She answered, “Because I know how to!” He said, “And the man knows how to put together his wheelchair.” Ava understood that sometimes the best way to help someone is to not help at all.
① (a)
② (b)
③ (c)
④ (d)
⑤ (e)

(A) On Saturday morning, Todd and his 5­year­old daughter Ava walked out of the store with the groceries they had just purchased. As they pushed their grocery cart through the parking lot, they saw a red car pulling into the space next to their pick­up truck. A young man named Greg was driving. “That’s a cool car,” Ava said to her dad. (a) He agreed and looked at Greg, who finished parking and opened his door.

(B) By this time, Greg had already pulled one thin wheel out of his car and attached it to the frame. He was now pulling a second wheel out when he looked up and saw Todd standing near him. Todd said, “Hi there! Have a great weekend!” Greg seemed a bit surprised, but replied by wishing (b) him a great weekend too. Then Greg added, “Thanks for letting me have my independence.” “Of course,” Todd said.

(C) As Todd finished loading his groceries, Greg’s door remained open. Todd noticed Greg didn’t get out of his car. But he was pulling something from his car. He put a metal frame on the ground beside his door. Remaining in the driver’s seat, he then reached back into (c) his car to grab something else. Todd realized what he was doing and considered whether (d) he should try to help him. After a moment, he decided to approach Greg.

(D) After Todd and Ava climbed into their truck, Ava became curious. So she asked why (e) he didn’t offer to help the man with his wheelchair. Todd said, “Why do you insist on brushing your teeth without my help?” She answered, “Because I know how to!” He said, “And the man knows how to put together his wheelchair.” Ava understood that sometimes the best way to help someone is to not help at all.
① Ava는  차가  멋지다고  말했다.
② Greg는  얇은  바퀴를  프레임에  끼웠다.
③ Greg는  휠체어를  꺼내준  것에  감사하다고  말했다.
④ Todd는  Greg가  차에서  내리지  않은  것을  알아차렸다.
⑤ Ava는  트럭에  오른  후  호기심이  생겼다.