~와 잘 지내다
Have you ever known someone you just did not get along with?
have difficulty -ing
~하는 것에 어려움을 겪다
Maybe it was someone you had difficulty working with or it could have been someone you were always arguing with.
ignore
v. 무시하다
Should you ignore them, be extra nice to them, or stand up to them?
stand up to
~에 맞서다
Should you ignore them, be extra nice to them, or stand up to them?
politician
n. 정치가
Benjamin Franklin was the American politician and inventor.
come up with
~을 떠올리다[생각해내다]
Benjamin Franklin, the American politician and inventor, came up with an answer more than 200 years ago.
deal with
~을 다루다[처리하다, 대하다]
Benjamin Franklin was a very smart man, not just in politics and science, but also in his ability to deal with people.
serve
v. 일하다, 근무하다
Once, when Franklin was serving as a representative for the people of the state of Pennsylvania, a powerful opponent made a long speech criticizing him.
representative
n. 대표자, (미국) 하원의원
Once, when Franklin was serving as a representative for the people of the state of Pennsylvania, a powerful opponent made a long speech criticizing him.
opponent
n. 적수, (경쟁에서) 상대
Once, when Franklin was serving as a representative for the people of the state of Pennsylvania, a powerful opponent made a long speech criticizing him.
criticize
v. 비판하다, 비난하다
Once, when Franklin was serving as a representative for the people of the state of Pennsylvania, a powerful opponent made a long speech criticizing him.
threaten
v. 위협하다
This speech was so powerful that it threatened Franklin’s political career.
eventually
ad. 결국
They eventually became friends and remained so for the rest of their lives.
remain
v. 남다, 계속 ~이다
They eventually became friends and remained so for the rest of their lives.
autobiography
n. 자서전
In his autobiography, Franklin explained what happened.
phenomenon
n. 현상
Today this phenomenon is known as the Benjamin Franklin effect.
commonly
ad. 보통, 일반적으로
It is commonly thought that if you want people who do not like you to like you, you should do favors for them.
effective
a. 효과적인
If you want to try to create a connection with someone who does not like you, asking that person to do you a favor is more effective.
psychologist
n. 심리학자
To test this phenomenon, a psychologist performed an experiment and came to the same conclusion.
experiment
n. 실험
To test this phenomenon, a psychologist performed an experiment and came to the same conclusion.
award
v. 수여하다
The students took the tests and were all awarded the promised money.
be divided into
~로 나뉘다
They were divided into three groups.
run out of
~을 다 쓰다, ~을 다 써서 떨어지다
He explained that the study was in danger of running out of funds.
fund
n. 기금, 자금
The construction has taken so long because of the lack of funds.
institution
n. 기관, 단체
Group 2 was asked by a secretary to return some of the money to the institution because the budget was running low.
budget
n. 예산
Group 2 was asked by a secretary to return some of the money to the institution because the budget was running low.
rate
v. 평가하다
Afterward, all three groups were asked to rate how much they liked the researcher.
impression
n. 인상
Have you ever changed your impression of someone?
refer to ... as ~
…을 ~이라고 부르다
It is because of what psychologists refer to as “cognitive dissonance.”
cognitive
a. 인지[인식]의
It is because of what psychologists
refer to as “cognitive dissonance.”
relieve
v. 완화하다
If there is a conflict between our thoughts and our actions, we will change one or the other to relieve the conflict.
conflict
n. 갈등
There are times when people have conflict with each other on social issues.
resolve
v. 해결하다
Feeling anxious and unhappy, he had to find a
way to resolve his feelings.
justify
v. 정당화하다
He justified doing the favor by telling himself that Franklin was not a bad person after all and convinced himself that he actually liked Franklin.
after all
결국
He justified doing the favor by telling himself that Franklin was not a bad person after all and convinced himself that he actually liked Franklin.
convince
v. 납득시키다
He justified doing the favor by telling himself that Franklin was not a bad person after all and convinced himself that he actually liked Franklin.
challenge
v. 도전하다, 이의를 제기하다
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
as a result of
∙∙∙의 결과로서
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
globalization
n. 세계화
In India, many traditions are today being challenged as a result of globalization.
practice
n. 관습, 관행, 실행
The practice of eating a home-cooked meal for lunch continues.
delivery
n. 배달
In Mumbai, many people who work in offices far from home rely on an express food delivery service run by dabbawalas
rely on
∙∙∙에 의지[의존]하다
In Mumbai, many people who work in offices far from home rely on an express food delivery service run by dabbawalas.
destination
n. 목적지
Most dabbas, or lunches, reach their destination after passing through several pairs of hands.
typical
a. 전형적인, 대표적인
A typical scenario would have one person on a bicycle pick up a dabba by 9:00 a.m. from about thirty different addresses.
pick up
수거하다
A typical scenario would have one person on a bicycle pick up a dabba by 9:01 a.m. from about thirty different addresses.
assign
v. 할당하다, 부여하다
After collecting all of the dabbas assigned to him, he takes them to the nearest train station.
load
v. 싣다
Another person loads each dabba onto the right train, sending them off in different directions.
direction
n. 방향
Another person loads each dabba onto the right train, sending them off in different directions.
distribute
v. 분배하다, 나누어주다
Finally, a fourth person picks up the boxes at the receiving station and distributes them, again by bicycle, to each customerʼs office, all by 12:30 p.m.
procedure
n. 절차, 방법
The empty dabbas are picked up and are returned to their original addresses, following the same procedure in reverse.
in reverse
반대로
The empty dabbas are picked up and are returned to their original addresses, following the same procedure in reverse.
hire
v. 고용하다
The dabbawala service began around 1890, when a banker hired a young man to deliver a lunch box from his home to his Mumbai office.
expand
v. 확대되다
When demand for the service expanded, a businessman started the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
present
a. 현재의
When demand for the service expanded, a businessman started the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
middle-class
중산층(의)
Those who use the dabbawala service are mostly middle-class office workers who live in one of Mumbai’s suburbs.
suburb
n. 교외
Those who use the dabbawala service are mostly middle-class office workers who live in one of Mumbai’s suburbs.
packed
a. 만원의, (사람들로) 꽉 들어찬
They have to leave for the office early in the morning, riding on a packed train.
dietary
a. 식단의
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
restriction
n. 제한, 규제
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
depending upon
∙∙∙에 따라
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
religion
n. 종교
They often have dietary restrictions, depending upon their religion.
approximately
ad. 대략
Today approximately 5,000 dabbawalas cover 70 square kilometers in and around Mumbai.
conduct
v. (특정한 활동을) 하다
Dabbawalas conduct about 400,000 transactions daily.
transaction
n. 거래, 매매
Dabbawalas conduct about 400,000 transactions daily.
strife
n. 갈등, 불화, 다툼
Dabbawalas even deliver in the pouring rain and during political strife.
hardly
ad. 거의 ∙∙∙아니다[없다]
Surprisingly, hardly any cases of late or mistaken delivery are ever reported.
accuracy
n. 정확성
The dabbawalas are proud of their 99 99 percent accuracy rate, which means just one mistake in every six million deliveries.
considering
∙∙∙을 고려할 때
It is an amazing record, considering that most of the dabbawalas are illiterate.
illiterate
a. 글을 읽고 쓸 줄 모르는
It is an amazing record, considering that most of the dabbawalas are illiterate.
coding
n. 부호화, 암호화
The secret to this error-free system is in a coding system.
specific
a. 특정한
These codes tell the dabbawala where the food comes from and which railway stations it must pass through on its way to a specific office in Mumbai.
organization
n. 조직
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
outstanding
a. 뛰어난
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
efficient
a. 효율적인
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
distribution
n. 유통, 분배, 배분
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding example of an efficient distribution system.
operating cost
n. 운영비
The dabbawala organization is simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer satisfaction.
satisfaction
n. 만족(도)
The dabbawala organization is simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer satisfaction.
corporation
n. (큰 규모의) 기업[회사]
It is not surprising that business schools and large corporations around the world learn from the dabbawala system.
benefit
n. 혜택, 이점
Today, most people cannot imagine an efficient delivery system operating without the benefit of technology.
demonstrate
v. 입증하다
Dabbawalas demonstrate that with no form of technology, some of the old ways may still be the best ways.
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