Reading Discovery-Book 2 (E)

attack

to act violently

The wolf will attack if you threaten it.

fear

the unpleasant feeling that occurs when a person is aware of or expects danger

Of course, that might seem fast to a person frozen in fear at seeing a snake.

fingernail

the thin, hard part that grows at the end of a human's or animal's fingers

Some women grow their fingernails long and paint them bright colors.

incorrect

being wrong or inaccurate

Alice only got one incorrect answer on the test. She got a 99%.

normally

in the manner that is usual or ordinary

It was strange to see an owl. normally, they only come out at night.

reputation

the general opinion that people have about someone or something

She had a very bad reputation among her friends.

skin

the natural, outer covering that protects an animal's or person's body

My skin is red because I have a sunburn.

slimy

thick, wet, and unpleasant

A snake’s skin is slimy and soft.

speed

the rate at which something or someone is moving

The speed limit on this road is 60 miles per hour.

temperature

a measure of hotness or coldness

The temperature in the desert is very high during the day.

truth

the state of matching reality

Don’t lie to me. Tell me the truth.

access

to gain use of

You don't have enough permissions to access the resource.

blame

to fault with someone or something for something bad that has happened

Tom is always being blamed when something goes wrong.

insurance

a system or agreement in which a person hires a company to pay for costs that are associated with damage to property, illness or other causes

People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs.

occur

to happen

Typhoons occur mainly in the western Pacific.

plumber

a person who fixes leaking pipes and toilets

We'll have to get a plumber in to replace that old pipe.

public

having to do with people as a general whole

That’s not a public bathroom. We can’t use it.

receive

to get something

She received a card to attend the Betty's birthday party.

remove

to eliminate something; get rid of something completely

I removed the mud from my shoes.

replace

to get something new to put in the place of something that is old, broken or missing

My battery is dead. I need to replace it.

risky

having or involving a significant possibility of something bad or undesirable happening

It is risky to run across the street without looking.

toilet

a structure like a seat over a hole where you get rid of waste from your body

I use a toilet when I go to the bathroom.

ability

the power or skill to do something

Some people have the ability to roll their tongues into a U-shape.

actually

in fact; really

We actually had a hard time selling her apartment.

consider

to think about someone or something in a certain way

I always consider Jane a great friend.

glide

to move smoothly and quietly as if without effort

I can glide silently on ice.

heart rate

a measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as number of beats per minute

Rebecca’s heart rate was sixty-eight beats per minute.

landing

present progressive of land

They can fly over 14,000 kilometers without landing!

sailor

a person who works on a boat or ship

The sailors were on a cruise.

soar

to increase a great degree in a short amount of time

Run until the wind catches your kite. Then, it will soar higher and higher in the air.

soul

the spiritual, mental, and emotional part of human beings

In fact, sailors once believed that albatrosses carried the souls of dead sailors.

wingspan

the length from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other

Their wingspan is the largest of all the birds.

blood pressure

the pressure of blood as it travels around the body

The nurse took my blood pressure and wrote it down on the chart.

complex

not being simple

The map was very complex and difficult to understand.

conclude

to form an opinion after careful thought

After you see all of the evidence, I’m sure you will conclude that my dog did not go into your garden.

instinct

the natural way a person or animal thinks or behaves that is not learned

An animal’s natural instinct is to live.

pride

a feeling of respect for or being satisfied with successes that you or other people close to you have achieved

My brother takes a great deal of pride in his accomplishments.

primary

having the most importance

The first five or six years of school is often called primary school because it is the beginning.

satisfied

pleased with the results of something

She was satisfied with her performance on the test.

situation

the particular events and conditions that affect someone or something at a certain time and place

An animal on the street may see a car coming. In this situation, the animal escapes instinctly.

social

relating to human society and the way it is lived and organized

Most schools organize social events for the students.

touch

to feel something by putting fingers or another body part on it

When touched, the worm’s blood pressure and heart rate go up.

connect

to attach something to something else

Before turning on the computer, you should connect the cord to the printer.

ecologist

a person who studies the environment, plants, or animals

A(n) ecologist might study how air quality changes a forest.

electricity

a form of energy generated by the attraction between positive and negative charges, used for power

People today cannot imagine life without electricity.

environmental

of or about the natural world in which plants and animals live

We have to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

impact

to have a strong effect on someone or something, usually negative

Pollution from cars impacts the environment.

natural gas

gas which is found underground or under the sea

The people have to discover the fuel to replace gasoline or natural gas.

parking lot

an area of ground where people can leave their cars

You have to park at the parking lot very carefully.

provide

to offer or give something that is wanted or needed

Solar panels on the roof provide electricity.

reduce

to make something smaller in size, amount, or level

Giving up smoking reduces the risk of several diseases.

solar panel

a panel exposed to radiation from the sun

Many newer homes have solar panels on their roofs to take advantage of the sun as a source for free energy.

based on

grounded on, founded on

The movie was based on a popular book.

boiling

changing into steam or vapour

The water in the tea pot is boiling.

espresso

strong coffee that is made by forcing steam through finely ground roasted coffee beans

I’d like an espresso with one teaspoon of sugar, please.

ground

reducing to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading

This instant coffee tastes almost as good as fresh ground coffee.

hostess

the woman who has invited the guests and provides the food, drink, or entertainment

If it was not served well, the hostess would lose face.

powder

a dry substance in the form of very small, fine pieces or grains

The snow looks like powder.

prepared

willing, ready, set

Lunch is being prepared in the kitchen.

serve

to provide food or drinks for someone or for a group

The waiter serves us our food.

wedding

a marriage ceremony and the party

Their wedding reception was held in the garden.

well-known

famous; talked about

Michael Jackson is a well-known singer.

enthusiast

a person who is very interested in a particular activity or subject

He is a great sports enthusiast. He can't stop thinking about sports.

facial

of or on the face

They are twins, but their facial features are very different.

freestyle

used to describe sports competitions, in which competitors can use any style or method that they like when they take part

He won the race in the men's 100m freestyle.

goatee

a very short pointed beard that covers a man's chin but not his cheeks

A beard that only grows on the chin, not the cheeks, is called a goatee.

historical

associated with or relating to history or the past

A historical event happened 100 years ago today.

judge

an official having authority to decide on issues brought before a court

There are three judges for the competition.

mousse

a substance one can put in hair to form it into a shape or make it thicker

He always put mousse in his hair before going out.

participate

to be involved and actively included in something, usually with others

If you don’t participate in the contest, you can’t win.

theme

the subject of a talk, written work, or thought

Everyone is wearing clothes that match the party’s theme.

worthwhile

having a desirable result that is worth the money, time or effort of doing something

While visiting Paris, it is worthwhile to go up the Eiffel Tower. The view from the top is amazing!

assign

to give something to a particular person or thing

The manager assigned us the best room of the hotel.

bright

giving off a large amount of light

Scarlet is not a bright color, but hot pink sure is!

character

a person who is featured in a story, movie, or play

My brother’s favorite character in the story of the Three Little Pigs is the big, bad wolf.

civilian

someone not in the military

Sean is not a civilian anymore; now he is a police officer.

harsh

being severe, extreme, or unreasonable in quality, degree, or extent

The punishment you gave the kids was too harsh.

prevent

to keep something from existing or happening; to keep someone from doing something

In order to prevent our pet rabbit from running away, we built her a big cage.

punish

to make someone suffer for doing something wrong

If I do something wrong, my father punishes me.

shame

a cause for feeling sad or disappointed

shame on you! You shouldn’t lie.

twist

a surprising change in events or happenings

I thought Mark was guilty, but in the end his brother was guilty. What a twist!

warning

a verbal or written way to tell people about something dangerous

A warning of the danger of smoking is printed on every pack of cigarettes.

ahead

in front of

My dog always likes to walk ahead of me.

bitter

having a sharp, bad taste; not sweet

I don’t like this coffee. It’s too bitter.

chemical

a substance created through a chemical process

My parents use chemicals like bleach and vinegar when they clean the house.

divide

to separate something into two or more sections

She divided the students into boys and girls when the bell rang.

hardly

only just or almost not true or possible

I could hardly solve the math problems. Those are too difficult for me.

in addition

including something else

This game is more fun. in addition, it is cheaper.

rub

to move one's hand back and forth along a surface while applying pressure

My mother rubbed some lotion onto her face.

sensitive

being able to recognize or measure very small changes in something, often relating to scientific instruments

My skin is very sensitive to the sun. I have to wear a lot of sun block.

tongue

the soft, movable piece of flesh, inside the mouth, used for tasting, eating and, in people, for talking

You taste food with your tongue.

vary

to be different or to change and become different

Temperatures across the US vary from each region.

chest

the top part of the body below the neck and above the stomach

My heart and lungs are inside my chest.

equivalent

being alike in quality, value, purpose or degree

1000 milliliters is equivalent to 1 liter.

expert

someone with special skill in a certain area and knows a lot about that area

She will know the answer. She is a(n) expert.

impressive

causing admiration or respect

The size of that bug is impressive! It’s as big as a mouse.

lower

closer to the bottom or the ground

The baby has only two of her lower teeth. She doesn't have any of her top teeth yet.

possible

being able to be done or achieved

Is it possible that he swam across the lake?

record

to keep information in a written form so it may be referred to later

Sandra recorded her daily activities in her day planner.

sensor

a device that detects physical stimuli

There is a(n) sensor in that computer that tells us the temperature outside.

target

any object that you are trying to achieve

The export target for 2002 has been set at 200 billion dollars.

upper

being higher in position

Mom put the medicine on the upper shelf of the bookshelf.

alloy

a metal that is formed by combining two or more different metals

The alloy is a metal that is a combination of other metals.

aluminum

(American English spelling) a very light silvery-white metal used to make cans and pans

The soft drink cans made of aluminum.

benefit

a good or advantageous thing

There are many health benefits if you exercise.

come up with

to think of an idea, an answer to a question or a solution to a problem

We need to come up with a solution to the problem fast!

for instance

a particular occurrence or situation

He is a very generous person. for instance he gives to many charities.

handy

being very useful, helpful and practical

Backpacks are handy for carrying books in.

material

the physical substance, such as wood or metal, that something is made of

We used materials such as wood and stone to build the house.

quality

the standard or value of something

This paper is very poor quality. It's very hard.

temperature

a measure of hotness or coldness

It seems cold this morning. What is the temperature outside?

weigh

to have a particular amount of weight

I am 170 cm tall, and I weigh 70 kg.

appear

to be in sight; to arrive at a place

The lightning appears a few seconds before the thunder is heard.

calculate

to do mathematical processes to find the answer to a problem

Can you calculate the amount of time we have left?

distance

the amount of space between two points

The school is a great distance away. I can’t walk there.

divide

to separate something into two or more sections

Fifteen divided by three is five.

imagine

to form ideas or images in your head that are not real

Can you imagine walking on the moon?

immediately

without any delay, delay or distance

Lightning travels fast, so you can see it immediately.

lightning

the bright flashes of light in the sky caused by a storm

He died after being struck by lightning.

observe

to watch and take careful notice of someone or something

The teacher observed the new students in the class before beginning the lesson.

simultaneously

at exactly the same time as something else

The two students answered the question simultaneously.

thunder

the loud sound that comes from the sky, usually during a storm, and is produced by lightning

The loud thunder from the storm was very frightening.

actually

existing in reality; in fact; really

Have you actually seen the Eiffel Tower?

decision

a choice made after giving consideration

This is a very difficult decision for me.

initially

at first; originally

Shareware is free initially, but users have to pay for it later.

legal

relating to the law

In the United States, the legal drinking age is 21.

online

on the Internet

When I go online, I check my email and read the newspaper.

produce

to produce or grow something naturally

Plants and trees produce oxygen we need to breathe.

programmer

a person who writes computer programs

I’m not sure what he does, but I think he is a computer programmer.

solvable

to find out the answer or solution

The problem is easily solvable using a simple math formula.

try

to make an attempt

Don't give up before you try.

type

a group of things or people that have common features

What type of books do you usually read?

belong

to be a member of a particular group and feel welcomed

Who does this ring belong to?

cab

taxi

We took a cab to the hospital.

citizen

a person who is an official member of a nation or state

I am a citizen of this country.

contact

to communicate with someone

Please contact me when you come to Korea again.

fare

the money people pay to travel on public transportation, taxis or boats

How much is the bus fare these days?

grateful

thankful

He feels grateful because she helped him.

notice

to become aware of something or someone by sight, touch, hearing, or another sense

William just noticed his brother’s new hair cut.

passenger

a person riding in but not driving a vehicle

Over 700 passengers can fly on a 747.

Our new teacher is much stricter than our previous one.

refuse

not to accept, allow, or give something

She refused to accept my proposal.

artwork

any piece of fine art

The artwork in the museum is displayed with just the right lighting.

drawing

using a pencil or pen to produce a picture, pattern, or diagram

drawing pictures are my hobby.

enter

to become a competitor in a contest

You have to pay $10 to enter the art contest.

material

the physical substance, such as wood or metal, that something is made of

You can buy all the materials you need to make that dress at the fabric store.

metal

a hard substance such as iron, steel, gold, lead, or similar materials that can be shaped or melted and can conduct electricity

Cars are made of metal.

passion

something for which one has a great love

If you have a passion for your job, you can do well in life.

portrait

a painting, drawing or photograph of a person's head and shoulders

The artists are drawing a portrait of a model.

quit

to leave a job, school or thing permanently, often without fully completing it

My father will quit his job if he can find a better one.

respected

admired and considered important by many people

Gandhi was the most respected leader of the 1900’s.

sculpture

the practice of creating artistic objects from wood, clay or other materials

The sculpture was made of stone, and it looked exactly like the king.

damage

to harm someone or something physically so that they are hurt or broken

Don’t touch that! You might damage it.

decorate

to make an object or place more attractive by adding beautiful items

I like to decorate my nails.

fingertip

the end (tip) of a finger

Press the power button with a fingertip.

include

to add something to a group or total

Does this computer include a mouse and a mouse pad?

landscape

the natural scenery of a place

The outdoor landscape was beautiful with all the mountains and lakes.

protect

(usually followed by "against" or "from" ) to defend against harm or danger

My brother protects me from danger.

statement

something said or written formally, officially, or publicly

There is no truth in his statement.

supply

the quantity of something that is available for use

Pencils, pens, and paper are all school supply.

tradition

a custom, practice, or belief that has been in place for a long time and passed down in a culture or a family

It is tradition for the bride to wear white.

trend

a general tendency

Current trends in fashion usually start in the US.

avoid

to stay away from something

Students are free to take easy courses while avoiding the hard ones.

certain

being sure to happen; definite

Jane needs to find a certain book for her class.

course

a program of classes that teach students about a specific subject

My English course is really hard.

entrance

the right to enter

You have to take an entrance examination to enter university.

fail

to be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam

If I fail the entrance examination this time, I will try again next year.

include

to add something to a group or total

Does this computer include a mouse and a mouse pad?

preparation

the act or process of becoming or causing someone to become ready for a future activity, event, or purpose

The team has trained hard in preparation for the match.

recommend

to say someone or something has good qualities and perform well at something

My teacher recommends that I take French next year.

sign up

to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name

I decided to sign up for scuba lessons this summer.

social studies

a course of instruction comprising such subjects as history, geography, civics, etc.

He doesn't like study social studies.

subject

course of study

Physics and chemistry are my favorite subjects.

affect

to do something that causes a change in someone's situation

Stress can affect our health.

bandage

a cloth or wrapping used to cover a wound

I hurt myself. I need a bandage.

effective

producing the wanted result

The newspapers are effective advertising media.

germ

a tiny living object that is capable of causing sickness and disease

Don’t touch that garbage. It has a lot of germs.

ingredient

one of the food items used when making a meal or drink

Before you start cooking, make sure you have all the ingredients.

medicine

a substance that is given to a person to relieve pain or cure sickness

Although medicine doesn't taste nice, it helps you feel better.

mystery

something that is not understood or known about

I love to watch a good mystery movie.

simply

with nothing more; just

Don’t be angry. I think I must have simply misspoken.

stable

having a state or condition that is not easily changed or moved

He was happy to find a stable job that paid well.

sticky

being covered in or made of a substance that can attach to different surfaces

My fingers were sticky with caramel.

wound

a cut or hole in the body of a person or animal that is usually caused by a weapon

I cut myself with a knife and got a deep wound.

challenge

a difficult task that requires great skill or creativity to complete

Learning a new company's system is always a challenge.

combine

to form into a single unit

By riding my bike to work, I combine exercise with fun.

gymnastics

a sport dealing with the movement of the body

I like to watch gymnastics during the Olympics.

mental

relating to the mind and thoughts

His physical and mental health is getting worse.

obstacle

an object that blocks a path or course

They must use physical and mental skills to overcome obstacles.

overcome

to control a problem or difficulty successfully

It took a long time to overcome my sadness after my cat died.

philosophy

the study of knowledge, truth, and the meaning of life

Ancient Greek philosophy was developed by three famous philosophers.

phrase

a group of words that forms a unit and expresses a single meaning

This sport began in France, and its name comes from the French phrase parcours d ’obstacles.

physical

relating to someone's body and not his or her mind or feelings

His physical and mental health is getting worse.

progress

to improve or become closer to a goal

He progressed quickly in his karate class.

pure

not mixed or combined with anything else

This material is warranted to be pure silk.

screen

the part of a computer or television that displays pictures or other information

Look at the screen of the computer.

character

a person who is featured in a story, movie, or play

My favorite character in Harry Potter is Dumbledore.

create

to make something happen or exist

The government plans to create more jobs for young people.

designer

someone who makes a plan for something or decides how to create something

He was the designer of the beautiful dress.

develop

to improve something with time and work

You should develop a reading habit.

final

happening at the end of something

Students are studying very hard for the final test.

for instance

as an example

He is a very generous person. for instance he gives to many charities.

instruction

(plural) the written or spoken information about how to do or use something

Read the instructions carefully prior to operating this washing machine.

resemblance

a state of being similar to someone or something else, particularly in appearance

She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister.

shoot

to fire a gun

He picked up the gun to shoot the enemy.

storyboard

a set of pictures which show what will happen in something

In the final part of planning, the designers create storyboards.

variety

a particular type of thing or person

There is a variety of chocolates at the supermarket.