클래스카드 | Short Articles for Reading 2nd-Book 3

tragic

causing great sadness and suffering
Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story.

gangster

a member of an organized gang of criminals
A gangster killed another gang member.

gritty

showing things realistically, without making them look better than they are
Some are realistic movies that take a gritty look at topics such as crime.

in the course of

during a specific time or while something else is happening
He changed his mind in the course of a week.

witness

to see something happen, especially a crime
The police are talking to him because he witnessed the murder with his own eyes.

reality

the way that a situation actually is, not fantasy
That’s not the reality, but it seems real.

feature

to give someone or something an important part or focus
This radio station is popular because it always features one local band's music.

adversity

a difficult situation or set of circumstances
He has faced many adversities lately - he lost his job, his wife left him, and he was diagnosed with cancer.

sarcastic

using a form of humor where you say the opposite of what you really mean
This actor plays sarcastic characters a lot, and he can be very funny.

sequel

a movie or book that continues the story of the one before it
The first movie was scary, but the sequel is even scarier.

alien

a person or thing from another planet
Men in Black is about a group of people who chase aliens.

classic

something that is well-known and popular for a long time
I can’t believe you haven’t seen this classic movie. It’s so famous.

seismograph

a tool for measuring and recording earthquakes
The seismograph measured the size of the earthquake.

combination

a mixture
A combination of red paint and blue paint gives us purple paint.

bark

the tough material covering the outside of trees
The deer eat the bark from the tree.

technique

the specific way something is done
Every chef has their own technique for preparing food.

mill

a building used for manufacturing
The first paper mills were in Spain.

fiber

a thin piece of some natural material
People use plant fiber to make rope.

enormous

very large
Japan is one country that still has a(n) enormous demand for handmade paper.

environmental

relating to the environment
Pollution causes environmental harm.

solution

the answer to a problem
I have a(n) solution to your problem.

cut down

to remove a tree by cutting through its trunk
My father cut down on salty food as I had advised.

origami

the art of folding paper into models of creatures
What a beautiful origami paper crane!

pastime

a fun activity that makes time pass happily
Going to the movies is a very popular pastime.

sculpture

art produced by carving or shaping a material into a figure
An amazing steel sculpture outside of the art museum.

dominate

to strongly control or influence
Mercy High School's football team dominated the football league; they won every game.

discussion

a conversation
The class discussion changed from politics to the environment.

depict

to show; to describe
During his “Blue Period,” Picasso mostly depicted poor people in his art.

studio

the place artists use to create their work
They went to the studio to record their song.

Cubism

a style of modern art characterized by the depiction of natural forms as geometric shapes
Pablo Picasso was an influential artist in the development of cubism.

inspire

to influence or give creativity to
I like to feel inspired before I begin any art project.

bomb

to drop bombs on
I heard on the news there was another bombing in that city.

ceramics

art made with ceramic, a kind of cooked clay
Apart from his paintings, Picasso created sculptures, ceramics, and stage designs.

recognize

to acknowledge; to state
Many artists do not get recognized during their lifetimes.

outstanding

amazing; noteworthy for excellence
She is one of the most outstanding students in my class.

invincible

cannot be defeated
The word diamond comes from an old Greek word meaning invincible.

durable

tough and able to last a long time; resistant to wear
Diamonds are quite durable and strong.

sparkle

to shine with a lot of very small points of light
Diamonds sparkle because they can catch light well.

jewelry

ornaments people wear, such as rings or necklaces
My favorite piece of jewelry is my ring.

igneous

rock formed by volcanic activity
Diamonds come from igneous rock from under Earth.

volcanic

relating to or coming from a volcano
Diamonds form in igneous rock and are formed by volcanic activity.

source

the place from which something comes
Milk is a(n) source of calcium.

deposit

a natural buildup that remains after a geological process
We found a(n) deposit of oil under the ground near our city.

mine

to dig in order to find and take away coal or another substance
Diamonds that are mined have been forced near the surface of Earth over time.

significant

important
The cost of gas will not increase significantly.

cheap

inexpensive; costing very little
The pencil is cheap by the dozen.

industrial

relating to industry
The factory is in the industrial area of town.

revere

to respect and admire greatly
As a Christian, I deeply revere God.

sacred

having a close special connection to a god or religion
Have you ever read the sacred text of Islam?

faith

strong feeling of trust or confidence in someone or something
I know you will succeed because I have faith in you.

revelation

the act of revealing divine truth
When Jack told me the secret about Joan, it was an extraordinary revelation.

prophet

a person who is believed to deliver messages of a god
A prophet is someone who gets a message from God and accurately foretells the future.

compile

to collect and put together
She compiled some of the author’s less known short stories into a book.

omit

to leave out; to not include
Don't omit his name from the list.

memory

a past event or condition that is remembered
I have so many memories from the time I lived overseas.

chronological

described or shown in the order of occurrence, according to time
Write down everything that happened in chronological order.

commandment

a rule that must be obeyed
Following the king's commandment, we went out and started helping others.

throughout

during a period of time
He remained calm throughout the whole wedding ceremony.

recite

to repeat or read aloud
The smiling children recited poetry and then sang holiday songs.

institution

an important organization like a university, church, or bank
I studied at the health institution in the city.

historian

someone who studies the past
Modern historians can review written documents.

resource

a place or method to get information or help
The city website is a good resource for new companies.

tribe

a group of people sharing lineage, language, and culture
Large groups related by family or culture are called tribes.

orally

by the mouth (by talking)
Cultures without a way to write often have strict traditions of how to tell their history orally.

papyrus

a type of paper made from papyrus plants and used in ancient Egypt
The Egyptians also wrote on papyrus.

wealth

a lot of valuable objects or money
It is not a good idea to show off one’s wealth.

consult

to request assistance or the opinion of
Did you consult a doctor when you were ill?

artifact

an object that is associated with a particular past culture
That stone knife is a(n) artifact from ancient China.

archaeologist

someone who studies human prehistory and history
The archaeologist discovered several ancient tombs.

archivist

a person who collects, sorts, and cares for historical records
Librarians and archivists store historical records to keep them safe.

microfilm

a film on which photographs or printed materials are stored
Mindy went to the library to look at microfilm for her report for history class.

associate

to relate or connect in some way
Most people associate his bad behavior to his bad childhood.

originate

to come from
Where does your style of art originate from?

mint

to make coins or medals
The thaler was a silver coin minted in a town called Joachimsthal.

abbreviate

to make shorter, especially a word
Because her name was so long, she abbreviated her name to Ann.

circulate

to pass from person to person
The Weekly Times newspaper circulates in many cities.

empire

a large territory over which there is a single ruler
The Roman empire included several hundred towns and cities.

desperate

urgent; having little or no hope
"Please help me! I’m desperate."

independent

not needing another for help or assistance
The province of Quebec wants to be independent of Canada.

proximity

closeness; a nearby area
The two people, having worked in close proximity for years, finally fell in love with each other.

theory

a belief or idea about something
In theory, it is not possible to travel faster than light.

simplification

the act of making simpler or reducing to basic elements
Etc. is a(n) simplification of the word etcetera.

superimpose

to place one thing over something else, making one mixed image
The “$” sign might have come from superimposing the P and S in Peso.

literally

in the most basic meaning of a word
Carte blanche literally translates as “white card.”

obligation

a duty; an action that must be done
It is our obligation to help others in need.

contribute

to give money or help
There were many sponsors that contributed to the charity event.

well-being

a feeling of being healthy and happy
The wealthy need to contribute to the well-being of the poor.

generous

freely giving time or money; tending to share or help
Bill Gates is one of the richest and most generous person in the world.

strategic

carefully planned
Bill knew the foundation needed a strategic plan to succeed.

pledge

to make a formal promise to do something, such as giving money
The couple pledged to give $1,000 to the children’s hospital.

vulnerable

capable of being physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt
In their home state of Washington, Melinda and Bill help vulnerable children.

globally

all over the world
It sets up health programs in poor countries globally.

intention

a planned action; a purpose
Mari has good intentions, but sometimes her plans don’t work out.

meaningful

serious and important
The guest gave a(n) meaningful speech to the graduating class.

fortunate

lucky
We should all help others less fortunate than ourselves.

accuracy

the state of being correct, or free from error
Newspapers provide citizens with accurate news.

erupt

to burst forth; to move quickly out of
An earthquake is a kind of volcanic eruption.

evacuate

to send people away from a dangerous place
Floods from the hurricane caused families to evacuate the town.

crust

an outer layer; Earth’s solid outer layer
The first layers of surface rock form Earth’s crust.

crevasse

a deep crack in rock or ice
The hikers proceeded carefully so as not to fall into the dark crevasse below.

foundation

the layer of concrete that a structure is built on
The foundations of the building were damaged by the severe earthquake.

appalling

terrible and shocking
It was an appalling performance, I agree. I was miserable and unhappy.

frequent

occurring often
Volcanic eruptions are frequent in some parts of China.

potentially

having the possibility of happening
California is a major earthquake region with potentially dangerous earthquakes.

astride

being partially on either side of something
One of the most potentially dangerous earthquake belts is in California, which sits astride the San Andreas Fault.

devastating

causing great damage or harm
One massive earthquake in California could be devastating.

predict

to say in advance what will happen
Things often change so we cannot predict future events.

technology

the practical use of scientific knowledge in industry
Imagine using 3D technology to make an automobile.

extremely

very, to a large degree
A car made mostly by a 3D printer is still extremely rare, though.

manufacturer

a person or company that makes a product to sell
That manufacturer makes doors and windows for buildings.

design

the way something is made that gives it a certain look or allows it to work in a certain way
The design of a mousetrap makes it difficult for a mouse to escape.

multiple

more than one; many
We have already received multiple donations from groups and individuals across the state.

version

a different form of something
Which version did you like better? The book or the movie?

experiment

to test new ideas or methods; to do an experiment
Do you experiment with dangerous chemicals in chemistry class?

decoration

something that is added to something to make it look nice
Balloons make good party decorations.

inventor

a person who produce something as a profession
Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest inventors of his day.

experimental

using new, unproven ideas or methods
For the most part, 3D cars are still experimental.

option

a choice
We have different options for breakfast: eggs, fruit, or pancakes

function

a purpose; an intended use for a tool or procedure
Bones also help with lots of important bodily functions.