lower; degrade; humiliate; make humble; make lose self-respect

embarrass

subside or moderate

shorten

renounce; give up

abnormal or deviant

deviation from the normal; mental disorder

assist usually in doing something wrong; encourage

suspended action

detest; hate

dwell; abide by: comply with; put up with; tolerate; Ex. abide by the rules; Ex. I can't abide rude people.

wretched; as low as possible; lacking pride; very humble; showing lack of self-respect; Ex. abject apology

renounce upon oath

washing

renunciation; self-sacrifice; self-abnegation

dwelling place; home

cancel; put an end to

detestable; extremely unpleasant

loathe; hate

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native; indigenous; N. aborigine

unsuccessful; fruitless

rubbing away; tending to grind down

condense or shorten

abolish

cutting off; separation

depart secretly and hide

complete; totally unlimited; having complete power; certain; not relative; Ex. absolute honesty/ruler; CF. absolutism

pardon

refrain; withhold from participation; intentionally not use one's vote

sparing in eating and drinking; temperate

restraint from pleasant things, esp. eating or drinking; CF. abstention: act of abstaining from vote

theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

coarsely insulting; physically harmful

border upon; adjoin

bottomless

enormous chasm; vast bottomless pit

related to a school; not practical or directly useful

agree

move faster

easy to approach; obtainable

additional object; useful but not essential thing

applaud; praise; greet with great approval; announce with great approval; Ex. The new drung has been acclaimed as the most important discoveries for years; N: strong expression of approval and praise

adjust to climate or environment; adapt

sharp upslope of a hill; OP. declivity

award of merit; strong praise and approval

oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt; make enough space for; ADJ. accommodative; CF. accomodating: helpful and obliging

partner in crime

agreement

approach and speak first to a person

equip; N. accoutrement

growth or increase in size by gradual addition; growth; increase; increase by natural growth; Ex. towers and other accretions of the castle; V. accrete

come to one as a gain; accumulate over time; come about by addition; Ex. benefits that accrue from scientific research; Ex. interest accruing in a bank account; N. accrual

bitterness of speech and temper; ADJ. acerbic: bitter; acrid

vinegary

slightly sour ; sharp; caustic

recognize; admit

peak; pinnacle; highest point

skin disease

science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

assent; agree passively; comply without protest

deliverance from a charge; V. acquit: free from a charge or accusation; discharge from a duty; conduct in a specified manner

bitter ; sharp; bitterly pungent

stinging; caustic; bitter in words or manner; N. acrimony: bitter ill-natured animosity in speech or behavior

fear of heights

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

someone who advises insurance companies

motivate; activate; cause to act

sharpness

mental keenness; sharpness of judgment; ability to judge quickly and well; Ex. business acumen

sharp; quickly perceptive; keen; penetrating; brief and severe; Ex. acute sense of smell/analysis/pain

wise saying; proverb

hard; inflexible

make or become suitable for a specific use; alter; modify; adjust; N. adaptation: act of adapting; composition recast into a new form; Ex. The play is an adaption of a short novel.

addition; appendix to book; something that is added

compulsive habitual need

make or become confused; muddle; drive crazy; become rotten

direct a speech to; speak to; deal with or discuss; direct one's efforts or attention to; make with a destination; N: formal speech

expert at; very skilled

stick fast; be a devotd follower; N. adhesion: adhering; devotion; loyality

supporter; follower

adjoining; neighboring; close by

something attached to but holding an inferior position

solemn urging; V. adjure: entreat earnestly; enjoin solemnly

staff officer assisting the commander; assistant

warn or speak to with gentle disapproval; reprove

decorate

skillful

flattery; admiration that is more than is necessary or deserved

make impure or of poorer quality by adding inferior or tainted substances

arrival

accidental; casual; happening by chance

opponent; enemy

going against; opposing; unfavorable; hostile

great hardship or affliction; misfortune; calamitous event

refer

support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something

speak in favor of; support ; urge; plead for

shield; protection; defense

nest of a large bird of prey

artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciating the beautiful ; CF. aesthete; CF. aesthetics

easily approachable; easy to talk to; warmly friendly

artificial; pretended

written statement made under oath

joining; associating with

feeling of kinship; similarity; Ex. strong affinity for her; Ex. many affinities between two languages

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath; V. affirm; ADJ. affirmative; CF. affirmative action: positive discrimination

state of distress; trial; cause of distress or suffering; V. afflict: inflict grievous suffering on

abundance; wealth

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect; V: insult or hurt the feelings of intentionally

life after death; later part of one's life

openmouthed

items of business at a meeting

collection; heap; V. agglomerate: gather into a rounded mass; N. aggolmeate: jumbled mass; heap

make greater; increase in power, wealth, rank, or honor; N. aggrandizement

sum; total; ADJ. V: gather into a mass or whole; accumulate; add up to; Ex. aggregate 100 dollars

filled with great surprise or fear; horrified

nimbleness; ability to move quickly

stir up; disturb

one who is skeptical of the existence or knowability of a god or any ultimate reality

highly excited; intensely curious

pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform

of air; high in the air; lofty; immaterial; unreal

cheerful promptness without reluctance

medieval chemistry

nook; recess

an assumed name esp. by a criminal ; ADV. alias

make unfriendly or hostile; estrange; separate; change the ownership of

supplying nourishment

payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce

calm; pacify

state without proof

loyalty

story, play, or picture in which characters are used as symbols; fable

relieve

repetition of beginning sound in poetry

assign; set apart for a particular purpose

mixture as of metals; something added that lowers in value or purity; V: mix; make less pure; lower in value or quality; spoil; CF. unalloyed: not in mixture with other maetals; pure; complete; unqualified; Ex. unalloyed happiness

refer indirectly; N. allusion: indirect reference

entice; attract; tempt

pertaining to soil deposits left by running water

money or goods given to the poor

upward; high up in the air

apart; not open in one's relationship with other people; reserved; ADV.

noisy quarrel

unselfishly generous; concerned for others; N. altiruism: unselfish concern for the welfare of others; unselfishness; OP. egoism

combination of different things; mixture of metals used for filling holes in teeth

combine; unite in one body

collect

female warrior

capable of using either hand with equal ease

environment; atmosphere; Ex. restraurant with a pleasant ambience; ADJ. ambient: completely surrounding; Ex. ambient temperature

unclear or doubtful in meaning; having more than one possible interpretation

the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes or opinions

walking at an easy unhurried pace; V: walk slowly and aimlessly

food of the gods

able to walk

act of lying in wait to attack by surprise; sudden attack made from a concealed position; Ex. lie in ambush; V.

improve

obedient; compliant; readily managed; responsive; willing to be led; answerable or accountable legally; responsible; able to be tested by; Ex. amenable to sensible suggestions; Ex. He is very amenable; Ex. amenable to the usual tests

correct; change ; generally for the better

convenient features that helps to make life pleasant; social courtesies

agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly

peaceful; politely friendly; not quarrelsome; Ex. amicable settlement

wrong; faulty; Ex. something amiss; ADV.

friendship; peaceful relationship as between nations

loss of memory

pardon

in a state of rage; Ex. run amok

nonmoral; having no understanding of right and wrong

moved by sexual love; loving; of sexual love; Ex. amorous advances

formless; lacking shape or definition

able to live both on land and in water; N.

oval building with tiers of seats; CF. arena

enough; abundant; spacious; large in size; Ex. ample opportunity/garden; N. amplitude: quality of being ample; abundance; largeness of space

increase in size or effect; expand; broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make stronger; Ex. amplify one's remarks with a graph

cut off part of body; prune

charm; talisman; an object worn believed to protect against evil, bad luck

an error involving time in a story; something or someone misplaced in time; ADJ. anachronistic

condition of being unable to feel pain

causing insensitivity to pain; N.

comparable; similar

similarity; parallelism; comparing two similar things

person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority

absence of governing body; state of disorder

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse; V. anathematize

family descent; ADJ. ancestral

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; N. anchorage

serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary; N.

short story of an amusing or interesting event

condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles; ADJ. anemic

substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousness; N. anesthesia

acute pain; extreme suffering

sharp-cornered; having an angle; not rounded ; bony; lean; gaunt; stiff in manner

critical remark; V. animadvert: comment critically with disapproval

lively; spirited

active enmity

hostile feeling or intent; animosity; hostility; disposition

records arranged in yearly parts; history

reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling

attach; add to a large thing; take possession of; incorporate into a larger existing political unit ; N: building added to a large one

destroy

comment; make explanatory notes

yearly allowance

make void

drug that relieves pain or trouble; opiate; ADJ. Ex. anodyne statement

consecrate; put oil on

abnormal; irregular

irregularity

state of being nameless; anonymousness; ADJ. anonymous

hostility; active opposition; V. antagonize: cause to become an enemy; N. antagonist: person who is opposed to another; opponent; adversary; principal character in oppostion to the protagonist

precede

preceding events that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

antiquated; extremely ancient

song of praise or patriotism; Ex. national anthem

book of literary selections by various authors; CF. omnibus

manlike; resembling a human being; N.

student of the history and science of humankind

having human form or characteristics

letdown in thought or emotion; something unexciting, ordinary, or disappointing coming after something important or exciting

remedy to counteract a poison or disease; Ex. antidote to the economic troubles

aversion; dislike or opposition

obsolete; old-fashioned; outdated

substance that prevents infection in a wound; ADJ.

contrast; direct opposite of or to; ADJ. antithetic or antithetical

iron block used in hammering out metals

lack of caring; indifference; lack of concern or interest in important matters; Ex. He was sunk in apathy after his failure; ADJ. apathetic

imitate or mimic

opening; hole; adjustable opening in a camera that limits the amount of light

tip; summit; climax; highest point

loss of speech due to injury or illness

pithy maxim or saying; ADJ. aphoristic

person who keeps bees

a place where bees are kept

bee-keeping

poise; composure in difficult situations; assurance; self-confidence

prophetic; pertaining to revelations especially of disaster; N. apocalypse

widely believed but untrue

highest point; the point farthest from the earth; OP. perigee

having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

one who writes in defense of a cause or institution; N. apologia

stroke; loss of consciousness caused by too much blood in the brain

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs; N. apostasy

druggist; pharmacist

pithy, compact saying

elevation to godhood; an ideal example of something

dismay; shock deeply

evident; easily seen or understood; appearing as such; Ex. apparent improvement

ghost; phantom

pacify or soothe; Ex. appease a crying baby; N. appeasement

name; title

attach

diligent attention; diligence; V. apply oneself

appropriate; fitting

estimate value of; N. appraisal

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of; ADJ. appreciable: enough to be felt; Ex. appreciable difference

arrest ; dread; perceive; N. apprehension

fearful; discerning

inform

approval

acquire; take possession of for one's own use without permission; set aside for a particular purpose; allocate; CF. misappropriate

subordinate possessions; something added to a more important thing

with reference to; regarding; Ex. remarks apropos the present situation; ADJ. ADV.

fitness; talent

curved; hooked; of or like an eagle; Ex. aquiline nose

fit for growing crops; Ex. arable land

person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge who is in a position ot make influential judgments; Ex. supreme arbiter of fashion in beachware

unreasonable or capricious; random; tyrannical; Ex. arbitrary ruler

act as judge

of or living in trees

place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited

a covered passageway usually lined with shops

esoteric; secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated; Ex. arcane ritual; Ex. arcane process closed to the uninitiated listener

chief; first; Ex. archbishop

study of artifacts and relics of early mankind

antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the past; N.

prototype; primitive pattern

group of closely located islands

public records; place where public records are kept

heat; passion; zeal; ADJ. ardent

hard; strenuous; Ex. arduous work

slang; speech spoken by only a small group of people

operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio

dry; barren; unproductive

hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat

fleet of warships

fragrant; having a sweet smell; N. aroma: strong pleasant smell

charge in court; indict

marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N: fine clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle array

being in debt; money that should have been paid; work that should have been done

lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia

pride; haughtiness; ADJ. arrogant: unpleasantly self-important

gully; narrow channel formed by rainwater

storage place for military equipment

blood-vessel; CF. vein

exhibiting art or skill; deceitful; cunning; CF. artifice

effective; distinct; expressing ideas clearly; having clear sounds; having joints; Ex. articulate speech; V: express thoughts and feeling clearly; pronounce clearly; unite by joints

object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced

deception; trickery

a manually skilled worker

without guile; open and honest

controlling influence; position of controlling influence; CF. in the ascendant

find out for certain; make certain

practicing self-denial; avoiding physical pleasures and comforts; austere; Ex. ascetic life of Buddhist monks; N. asceticism

refer; attribute; assign

preventing infection; having a cleansing effect

ash-colored; deadly pale

stupid; Ex. asinine remarks

with a sideways or indirect look ; Ex. look askance at

crookedly; slanted; at an angle

sharpness; roughness; severity ; Ex. asperities of a Russian winter

slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on

seeker after position or status

seek to attain ; long for; Ex. aspire to become president; Ex. aspire to/after the leadership

assault

analyze ; evaluate

agree; accept; N. assessment

state strongly or positively; demand recognition of ; make a claim to ; Ex. assert one's independence

diligent

absorb; take into the body and digest it; understand completely and be able to use properly; cause to become homogeneous

mak less severe; ease or lessen ; satisfy ; soothe

something taken for granted; the taking over or taking possession of; Ex. her assumption of power; V. assume

firm statement that something is certainly true; promise or pledge; certainty; confidence in one's own ability; self-confidence; Ex. In spite of all his assurances, he did not come back; Ex. assurance of his loyalty; Ex. The teacher lacked assurance in fron of his class; V. assure; tell firmly with confidence; ensure; make certain to heappen; make feel sure; give confidence to; ADJ. assured: self-assured; confident in one's own ability; showing certainty

small planet

eye defect which prevents proper focus; OP. stigmatism

relating to the stars

binding; causing contraction ; harsh or severe; stringent; Ex. astringent criticism

enormously large or extensive

wise; shrewd; keen; seeing quickly something that is to one's advantage

into parts; apart; V. sunder

place of refuge or shelter; protection

not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback; ADJ. atavistic

denying the existence of God; N. atheism

make amends for; pay for; Ex. atone for

brutal deed; ADJ. atrocious

wasting away; V: weaken and lose flesh and muscle

alert and watchful; listening carefully; paying attention; considerate; thoughtful; politely helpful; Ex. attentive audience; Ex. He was attentive to the old lady; N. attentions: act of courtesy and consideration

make thin; weaken

testify; bear witness

clothe; N: clothing; array; apparel

essential quality; V: ascribe; explain

rubbing away by friction; gradual decrease in numbers or strength; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassment; Ex. a war of attrition

not normal; not typical

daring; bold; N. audacity

examination of accounts of a business; official examination; V.

increase; add to

omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign of

impressive; majestic

sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light

pertaining to the aurora borealis; CF. aurora australis

favoring success; giving signs of future success; Cf. auspices

forbiddingly stern; ascetic; without comfort or enjoyment; severely simple and unornamented; Ex. a monk's austere life; Ex. austere grandeur of the cathedral; N. austerity

prove genuine

subordinating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's will; Ex. authoritarian regime/father

having the weight of authority; regarded as providing knowledge that can be trusted; reliable; peremptory and dictatorial; Ex. authoritative dictionary/manner; CF. definitive

having absolute unchecked power; dictatorial; N. autocrat, autocracy

mechanism that imitates actions of humans; machine that works by itself

self-governing; N. autonomy

examination of a dead body; postmortem; V.

offering or providing help; additional or subsidiary; N: helper; assistant

great mass of falling snow and ice

group of artists whose work is based on the newest ideas and methods; CF. vanguard

greediness for wealth

take vengence for something or on behalf of someone; Ex. They avenged his death by burning the village; Ex. He swore to avenge his brother; Ex. They avenged themselves on their enemy.

state confidently; declare as true

reluctant; disinclined; not liking or opposed; Ex. averse to cats/doing the house work

firm dislike

prevent; avoid; turn away ; Ex. An accident was averted by his quick thinking; Ex. She averted her eyes from the terrible sight.

enclosure for birds; large cage

greedy; extremely eager for; Ex. avid learner; N. avidity

secondary or minor occupation

declare openly; N. avowal

of or like an uncle

solemn wonder; feeling of respect mixed with wonder and fear; V: fill with awe; ADJ. awesome

terrible; very bad

pointed tool used for piercing

distorted; crooked; bent; Ex. Our plans have gone awry.

self-evident truth requiring no proof

sky blue

chatter idly or foolishly; make continuous sounds like water running gently over rounded stone; N.

noisy party with a lot of drinking

the ancient Roman festival in honor of Bacchus

drunken

revert ; N. reverter

pester; annoy continually with demands; persuade by asking again and again; Ex. The children badgered me into taking them into the cinema; N: a kind of mountain animal

teasing conversation; banter; joking talk

frustrate; perplex

harass; tease; torment; Ex. badger baiting; N: food or other lure used to catch fish or trap animals

evil; malignant in intent or effect; deadly; having a malign influence; portending evil; ominous; threatening; Ex. baleful look

stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop or get in the way of; frustrate

heavy substance used to add stability or weight; V. supply with ballast

something that relieves pain; oily liquid with a pleasant smell from trees

soft and mild ; fragrant

hackneyed; commonplace; trite; lacking originality; clich\'ed

discuss lightly or glibly; discuss in a frivolous manner; exchange heatedly; quarrel; Ex. bandy words with

posion; cause of ruin; ADJ. baneful: harmful; poisonous

heap; piled-up mass; embankment; lateral tilting ; V: pile up; protect with a bank; tilt in turning

joking talk; good-naturedly ridiculing; N.V. banter

railing in a courtroom; legal profession; vertical line dividing a staff into equal measures; Ex. prisoner at the bar; V: shut in or out with bars; forbid; exclude; CF. barrister

sharp projection from fishhook, arrow, or other object; openly cutting remark

poet

shameless and noticeable; blatant; bold; unconcealed; having no covering on the face; Ex. barefaced lie

agreement between two groups or people; something for sale at a price advantageous to the buyer; V: negotiate; trade; Ex. bargaining power

highly ornate

barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion; large number of questions or statements; Ex. a barrage of criticism

counselor-at-law or lawyer in the higher court of law; CF. bar

trader; V. barter: trade; exchange good for other goods rather than money

contemptible; morally bad; inferior in value or quality; Ex. base motives/conduct; Ex. base metal such as iron

luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth

illegitimate child

stronghold; something seen as a source of protection; Ex. the last bastion of male chauvinism

let down; lessen the force of; moderate; restrain; Ex. with bated breath; CF. abate

army unit made up of four or more companies

trinket; cheap jewel; trifle

indecent; obscene; about sex in a rude funny way; CF. bawd

deportment; connection

giving or showing bliss; blissful

blessedness; state of great happiness

dress with vulgar finery

wet thoroughly; ADJ. bedraggled: draggled

direct quick route

confuse thoroughly

father; become the father of; produce; give rise to

envy; give or allow unwillingly; grudge; Ex. We shouldn't begrudge him his success.

deceive; mislead or delude; cheat; pass time pleasantly; charm or attract; Ex. beguiling smile

huge creature; something of monstrous size or power

obligated; indebted; owing thanks; obliged or indebted from gratitude

be suited to; be incumbent upon; be right and necessary; Ex. It behooves one to do.

harp on; dwell on tediously; explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous degree; assail verbally; beat severely; attack physically

delayed

besiege or attack ; harass; beset

contradict; give a false impression; disguise; Ex. The poor sales belied our high hopes; Ex. Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure.

disparage; depreciate

warlike

quarrelsome

lament; moan for; express sorrow or disapproval of

confused; lost in thought; preoccupied

blessing

gift giver; patron; person who does good or who gives money for a good purpose

kindly; doing good

helpful; useful; advantageous

person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will

advantage; anything that brings helpl, advantage, or profit; money provided by the government to the people; fund-raising public entertainment; Ex. unemployment benefit; V: receive benefits; be beneficial to; give benefits

generous; charitable; having a wish to do good

kindly; favorable; not malignant ; Ex. benign tumor

blessing

determined; Ex. bent on advancing in the business; N: natural talent or inclination

leave to someone by means of a will; hand down in his will; N. bequest

scold strongly

deprived of

state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved; state of being bereaved or bereft

deprived of ; lacking

mad with violent anger; frenzied; madly excited

beg; plead with

harass or trouble from all directions; hem in

surround with armed forces; harass ; annoy continually

soil; defile; make dirty

beastlike; brutal; inhuman; very cruel

confer

signify; indicate; be a sign of

be unfaithful; reveal ; Ex. Her trembling hands betray her anxiety.

become engaged to marry

large group; Ex. a bevy of starlets

be cautious

cast a spell over; captivate completely

two-chambered as a legislative body

quarrel

command; utter ; offer as a price; N: offer of a price; amount offered; earnest effort to gain something; Ex. bid for freedom

every two years

divided into two branches; forked

one who is intolerant

stubborn intolerance

suffering from indigestion; sick from having too much bile; irritable; easily irritated

swindle; cheat

large wave of water; a great swell or surge ; V: surge, swell, roll in billows

swelling out in waves; surging

temporary encampment; camp without tents; V.

fantastic; violently contrasting; noticeably odd; strikingly unconventional

vote against ; ostracize; N: negative vote

bleach; whiten; make white or pale

soothing or mild ; agreeable; causing no trouble or offence

flattery

loud or harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light

irreverence; sacrilege; cursing; bad language about God or holy things; V. blasphem; ADJ. blasphemous; CF. sacrilege

bored with pleasure or dissipation; uninterested or bored

extremely obvious; loudly offensive; Ex. blatant lie; N. blatancy

cold or cheerless; frigid; unlikely to be favorable; depressing

mar; spoil the beauty or perfection of; N: flaw or defect ; Ex. blemishes in the crystal; CF. unblemished

plant disease; V: infect with blight; ruin; destroy

suffering from a disease; destroyed

complete happiness; ADJ. blissful

gay; joyous

swollen or puffed as with water or air

spot; blot; CF. blot+botch

talkative boaster; braggart

club; heavy-headed weapon; V.

gloomy; depressed

state of depression or melancholy; style of slow, mournful music

pretense ; deception; high cliff; ADJ: rough but good-natured

error; stupid mistake

having a dull edge; abrupt and frank in speech or manner; brusque; V: make or become blunt

utter impulsively from nervousness or excitement

become red in the face ; become red or rosy; N.

blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully; speak in a noisy or bullying manner; CF. breeze, gust, gale

foreshadow; portend

soft wet land; V: hinder or be hindered; Ex. bogged down in the mud

counterfeit; not authentic; intentionally false; Ex. bogus interview

unconventional

violent; rough; noisy

support; reinforce

door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric; large roll of cloth; V: dash or dart off; fasten ; gobble down

attack ; V. bombard

grandiloquent, pompous speech

pompous; using inflated language

fond of books and reading

blessing; benefit; something very helpful

rude, insensitive person

rude; insensitive

lift by pushing up from below; increase; raise; N: push upward; increase

mismanage; blow

clear beef soup

leap or spring; limit or confine; constitute the limit of; Ex. bounded by Canada; N: leap or jumping; boundary; ADJ: certain; having a duty to do something ; confined by bonds; Ex. We are bound to be late; Ex. I am bound to say my opinion; CF. bounce, rebound

generous; graciously generous; showing bounty

middle class; selfishly materialistic; too interested in material possessions

match; short period of great activity; Ex. wrestling bout; bout of drinking/flu

cowlike; placid and dull; slow-thinking; calm

expurgate; CF. Thomas Bowdler

somewhat saline

boast

boasting

boaster; bragger

plait; interweave strands or lengths of; make by weaving strands together; N: braided segment

trademark; mark burned on the hide of an animal; mark burned into the flesh of criminals; mark of disgrace; V: mark with a brand; give a lasting bad name; stigmatize; Ex. The press branded him a liar.

wave around ; flourish

swagger; assumed air of defiance; false show of bravery

face courageously; Ex. brave the storm

noisy quarrel

human muscle; muscular strength; sturdiness

muscular; having well-developed muscles

insolent; without shame; bold; Ex. brazen lie; V: face with bold self-assurance or with unshamed confidence

breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap; opening; V.

width; extent

produce young; rear; bring up; produce ; N: kind or sort of animal or plant

conciseness; shortness of duration

harness fitted about a horse's head ; curb; check; V: put a bridle on; control or restrain; show anger

uppermost edge of a cup; projecting rim ; Ex. The glass was full to the brim; V: be full to the brim

tawny or grayish with streaks or spots

edge ; Ex. on the brink of the Grand Canyon

quick and active; marked by liveliness and vigor

short stiff hair; V: stand up stiffly

rising like bristles; showing irritation

hard but easily broken; difficult; unstable; Ex. brittle situation

introduce as a subject; moot; open up

rich, figured fabric

pamphlet

cook by direct heat; N.

platitude; chemical compound used to calm excitement

ornamental clasp; pin

sit on in order to hatch; think deeply or worry anxiously; N: the young of certain animals; group of young birds hatched at one time

tolerate; endure; Ex. brook no interference; N: small stream

bully; intimidate

graze; feed on growing grass; skim or glance at casually

injure without breaking the skin; N.

main impact or shock ; Ex. brunt of the argument

blunt; abrupt; curt; not wanting to waste time being nice

pirate

rustic; pastoral

strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table with food set out for people to server themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set

stupid person; clown

clowning

bugbear; object of baseless terror

protruding part; swelling of a surface; Ex. The apple made a bulge in his pocket; V: swell outward; protrude

size or volume ; main part; Ex. The bulk of the work has already been done; ADJ. bulky: having great size

gold and silver in the form of bars

one who is habitually cruel to weaker people; V.

strong wall built for defense; earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends

hit or knock against with force; N.

mismanage; blunder; botch; blow; spoil by clumsy behavior

able to float; cheerful and optimistic; N. buoyancy; Ex. buoyancy of wood/water/American market

overregulated administrative system marked by red tape; ADJ. bureaucratic

grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds; Ex. burgeoning computer industry; CF. bludgeon

give an imitation that ridicules; imitate mockingly

make shiny by rubbing; polish

piece of sculpture showing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest; V: break up; arrest; Ex. crimebuster

support; prop up; N. stationary structure to support wall; Ex. flying buttress

full-bosomed; plump; jolly

small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests

hiding place; V.

discordant; inharmonious; N. cacophony: unpleasant mixture of loud sounds

corpse; dead human body

like a corpse; pale

rhythmic rise and fall ; beat; regular beat of sound; rhythm

student at a military school

persuade by praise or false promise; coax; wheedle

disaster; misery

deliberately planned; likely

large kettle

ability; quality; diameter of the inside of a round cylinder; Ex. work of very high caliber

beautiful writing; excellent penmanship

hardened; unfeeling; without sympathy for the sufferings of others; unkind

youthful; immature; inexperienced

area of thick hard skin

heat-producing; N. calorie

malicious misrepresentation; slander

good-fellowship; CF. comrade

shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a film

group sharing a common cause or opinion

unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report

frankness; open honesty; ADJ. candid

related to dogs; doglike

any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil; CF. cancer

shrewd in money matters; thrifty

insincere speech or expression of piety; jargon of thieves; special words used by a particular group of people

ill-humored; irritable

story set to music to be sung by a chorus

slow gallop; V. CF. trot

division of a long poem

determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.; go through to solicit votes or orders; conduct a survey; N.

spacious

mental or physical ability; role; position or duty; ability to accommodate; Ex. in my capacity as president

having a very fine bore; resembling a hair; fine and slender; Ex. capillary attraction; N: very fine hairlike tube; CF. capillarity

surrender; give up all resistance

whim; sudden change of mind without any real cause

unpredictable; fickle

turn over

title; chapter heading; text under illustration

faultfinding; too critical

glass water bottle; decanter

shell covering the back

unit of weight for precious stones; measure of the purity of gold

causing cancer; N. carcinogen

chief; most important; N: priest; cardinal number: number that shows quantity rather thatn order

doctor specializing in ailments of the heart

lurch; sway from side to side; move with irregular swinging movement; stagger

rush wildly; go at full speed

free from worries; having no problems

distortion; burlesque

a set of bells capable of being played

destruction of life; slaughter; killing of large numbers of people or animals

fleshly; sensual; concerning the desires of the body

meat-eating; N. carnivore; CF. herbivore

drunken revel; V. carouse

petty criticism; fault-finding; fretful complaining; quibble

rotting flesh of a dead body; CF. vulture

map-maker

small waterfall

one of the hereditary classes in Hindu society; social stratification; prestige

punishment; severe criticism or disapproval

remove the sex organs

happening by chance; irregular; occasional; informal; showing or feeling little interest; Ex. casual reader/labor/remark

serious or fatal accident; person killed or wounded in an accident or battle

deluge; upheaval; earthquake; violent and sudden event or change

agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged; CF. catalysis

slingshot; hurling machine; V: fire from catapult

great waterfall; eye abnormality

calamity ; disaster

shout of disapproval or displeasure ; boo; V.

book for religious instruction in question-and-answer form; religious instruction by question and answer; V. catechize

without exceptions; made without any doubt in mind; unqualified; absolute

provide food and drink ; cater to: try to satisfy

purging or cleansing of any passage of the body; purging and weakening of strong emotions as a result of experiencing a dramatic work of art

purgative; medicine that causes the bowels to empty; ADJ.

universal; general; broad; including many different parts; wide-ranging liberal; Ex. catholic opinions/tastes

private meeting of a group of people in a political party to select officers or determine policy; CF. the Caucus club of Boston

make watertight

implying a cause-and-effect relationship; N. causality

burning; corrosive; able to burn by chemical action; sarcastically biting; intended to hurt; bitter; harmful; OP. harmless

burn with hot iron or caustic substance to stop bleeding and prevent infection

procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages; parade; CF. cavalry

casual and offhand; arrogant; N: knight

quibble; make frivolous objections; find fault unnecessarily

yield to ; surrender formally; N. cession

speed; rapidity

heavenly

abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmarried; N. celibacy

place for burying the dead

overseer of morals ; person who eliminates inappropriate matter; V.

severely critical

blame; criticize; express strong disapproval; N: severe criticism; strong disapproval

mythical figure, half man and half horse

denoting a widely used temperature scale

radiating; departing from the center

machine that separates substances by whirling them

tending toward the center

Roman army officer

pertaining to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional; CF. cerebrum

thought; working of the brain

marked by formality; extremely formal and polite; CF. ceremony: conventional social courtesy

certainty

stoppage

yielding to another; ceding

warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing; N.

worthless products of an endeavor; husk separated from grain; Ex. separate the wheat from the chaff

bantering; joking

annoyance and disappointment; vexation

goblet; consecrated cup

lizard that changes color in different situations

support militantly; fight for; N: person who fights for or supports strongly

position of champion; defense or support; competition held to determine a champion

legal official of high rank; CF. chancellery: position of a chancellor

tune in which a number of words are sung on the same note; V: sing ; utter in the manner of a chant

in utter disorder

small church

older person who accompanies and supervises a young unmarried woman

clergyman attached to a chapel

make or become black by burning; reduce or be reduced to carbon or charcoal by incomplete combustion

divine gift; great popular charm or appeal; magnetism

quack; pretender to knowledge

quality of pleasing; amulet; action or formula thought to have magical power; spell; V: attract; cast a spell on; bewitch

cautious; unwilling to take risks; sparing or restrained about giving; OP. bold

ornament a metal surface by indenting; follow rapidly to catch

abyss; very deep crack

framework and working parts of an automobile; framework to which components are attached

morally pure; virginal; abstaining from illicit sexual acts; modest; simple ; not highly decorated; austere

discipline; punish in order to correct; CF. castigate

punish as by beating; criticize severely

blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group, cause, or sex; ADJ. chauvinistic; CF. chauvinism; Nicolas Chauvin

stop motion; curb or restrain

marked by great changes in fortune; with many changes of fortuene; CF. checked: having a pattern of squares

angelic; innocent-looking; N. cherub; CF. seraph: winged angel of the highest order

trickery; deception

scold; rebuke

fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; N. chimera: unreal fancy; fire-breathing female creature

lose a small piece from the surface or edge; N: small piece broken off something; CF. French fry; Potato chip/crisp

swindle or cheat; N: wedgelike tool for cutting

courteous; faithful; brave; N. chivalry

delicate; of very fine quality

group of people who sing together ; place for choir

hot-tempered; bad-tempered; irritable; easily angered; CF. cholera

daily domestic task ; unpleasant task

art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances

chuckle with delight; N.

phrase repeated throughout a song or poem

long established as a disease

report; record

laugh quietly

boorish; rude; N. churl: boor; yahoo

having minute hairs; CF. cilium; CF. cilia: eyelash

nonentity; worthless person or thing; zero; secret code; V.

small ring; band of gold, silver, jewel, etc.

closed circular line around an area; circumference; regularly repeated journey from place to place

roundabout

indirect or roundabout expression

limit; confine; draw a line around

prudent; cautious; acting after careful thought

outwit; defeat by behaving more cleverly; outsmart; baffle; avoid; get around

reservoir or water tank

fortress

quote; commend; Ex. cited for bravery in an official record

having to do with citizens; not military or religious; courteous and polite; Ex. married in a civil ceremony; Ex. civil strife/disorder/law; N. civility; CF. civic

having foresight; fortuneteller; N. clairvoyance

climb by crawling with difficulties; scramble

loud continous noise; continuous demand or complaint made by a large number of people; V: make a clamor; express continually and loudly; ADJ. clamorous

secret

loud resounding noise; sound of repeated clanging

strike the palms of the hands together with a sudden explosive sound; come together suddenly with a sharp sound; put or send promptly; Ex. clap the thief in jail; N: clapping; loud or explosive sound; CF. applause

striker of a bell

shrill, trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times

hold firmly within arms

fear of being locked in

collarbone

split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to; N. cleavage; ADJ. cloven

N: split

disposition to be lenient in deciding punishments; mildness as of the weather; ADJ. clement

phrase dulled in meaning by repetition; platitude; ADJ. clichéd

body of customers

relating to the highest point; N. climax; CF. climatic

climate

cut off with shears; fasten; N: something clipped off ; clasp or fastener

sailing vessel built for great speed

small exclusive group of people

monastery or convent

half-solid lump formed from a liquid ; V.

great influence ; hard blow with fist

act stupidly; play the fool; N.

distasteful ; excessively sweet or sentimental; V. cloy: become unpleasant through too much sweetness or excess

congeal; thicken; clot; N. coagulant

combine; fuse; N. coalescence

partnership; league; union of separate political parties

persuade by flattery

concluding section of a musical or literary composition

treat gently; indulge excessively; pamper; mollycoddle; baby; cook in water just below boiling point; Ex. coddled eggs

supplement to the body of a will; later addition to a will

arrange as a code; classify; N. code: system of words used instead of ordinary writing; collection of laws, rules, established social customs

use of force to get someone to object; compelling; V. coerce

living at the same time as; existing during the same period of time; contemporary; of the same age

tooth projecting from a wheel

convincing

think over; ponder

having a common origin; related linguistically; allied by blood; similar or akin in nature; Ex. cognate languages; N.

having to do with knowing or perceiving related to the mental processes; N. cognition: the mental process of knowing

knowledge; ADJ. cognizant; having knowledge; aware

live together

stick together

tendency to keep together

group of people who share some common quality; armed band; a group of between 300 and 600 soldiers under one commander

hairstyle

make coins; invent or fabricate ; N. coinage: word or phrase recently invented

the chance occurrence, at the same time, of two or more seemingly connected events; V. coincide: happen at the same time; be in agreement; CF. coincident; CF. coincidental

utensil with perforated bottom used for straining

work together; cooperate treasonably with the enemy

work of art put together from fragments

examine and compare in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order

security given for loan; ADJ: secondary; descended from the same person but through different sons or daughters

a light meal; collating

composed; calm; self-possessed

pertaining to conversational or common speech; informal; N. colloquialism: colloquial expression

informal discussion; conversation

conspiring in a fraudulent scheme to cheat or deceive others; V. collude

huge

gigantic statue; person or thing of great size or importance

deep prolonged unconsciousness caused by disease, poison, or a severe blow

in a coma; extremely sleepy

easily burned; N. CF. combustion

retort; quick clever reply; return to former status

attractive; agreeable; having a pleasing appearance

something fit to be eaten

deserts; well-deserved punishment or misfortune; rebuke

courtesy; civility; Ex. comity of nations

take for military use without needing permission or giving payment; draft for military purposes

honor the memory of; serve as a memorial to; Ex. commemorate the 100th anniversary/those who died in the war

remembering; honoring the memory of; Ex. commemorative stamp

equal in extent; of the same size

feel or express pity or sympathy for

spacious and comfortable

ordinary; N: something ordinary or common; trite remark

nation governed by the people; republic; people of a nation

held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune

small community whose members share work and income; V: exchange thoughts or feelings; Ex. commune with nature

agreement; contract; ADJ: tightly packed; firm; brief; concise; Ex. compact statement

one of the parts into which an enclosed space is divided

sympathy for the suffering of others; ADJ. compassionate

harmonious; in harmony with; able to exist together

overpowering; irresistible in effect; holding one's attention; that compels one to do something; Ex. a compelling adventure story; V. compel

brief, comprehensive summary; ADJ. compendious

making up for; repaying

listing of information in tabular or book form; compiling

assemble; gather; accumulate; make from facts and information found in various places; Ex. compile a dictionary

self-satisfaction; smugness; ADJ. complacent

trying to please; obliging; willing to please others

complete; consummate; make perfect; N.

serving to complete something

conformity in fulfilling requirements; readiness to yield; disposition to yield to others; V. comply

readily acting in accordance with a rule, order, or the wishes or others; yielding; comforming to requirements

participation; involvement

element; ingredient

bear one's self; behave; Ex. comport oneself; N. comportment

mixture of decaying organic matter used as fertilizer; V: put or make compost

mental calmness

combine; produce by combining; increase; make worse by adding to or increasing; exacerbate; Ex. compound an error; ADJ: consisting of two or more parts; N: combination of two or more parts; area enclosed by a wall containing a group of buildings; Ex. factory compound; CF. complex

broad; including a lot or everything; thorough; inclusive

force into less space; squeeze; contract; put into fewer words; N: thick mass of cloth pressed to part of the body to stop bleeding or swelling, reduce fever, etc.

include; consist of

adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of; put into danger, disrepute, or a dishonorable position; Ex. compromise one's principle; N.

compelling; strong desire that is difficult to control; irresistible impulse

resulting from compulsion

obligatory; that must be done

remorse; strong uneasiness caused by guilt

reckon; calculate

link as in a chain

hollow; curved inwards; OP. convex

admit; acknowledge as being true ; yield; grant; Ex. concede a goal

vanity or self-love; too high opinion of one's own value; extravagant metaphor

having a common center

beginning; forming of an idea; fertilization; V. conceive: form an idea in the mind; devise; become pregnant; CF. inception

mutually agreed on; done together by agreement; Ex. concerted effort; CF. in concert: working together

an act of yielding; conceding; something conceded; point, right, etc. given unwillingly; privilege of maintaining a business in a certain place; Ex. oil concessions in the North sea; CF. concessionaire

reconciling; soothing; V. conciliate: reconcile; soothe; win the friendly feelings

brief and compact

private secret meeting

decisive; ending all debate

prepare by mixing or combining; make up in concert; devise so as to deceive; Ex. concoct an elaborate excuse for being late; N. concoction

that which accompanies; Ex. Deafnes is a frequent concommitant of old age; ADJ: existing or happening together with something else

harmony; accord

formal agreement

agree; coincide; happen at the same time

happening at the same time; in agreement

bestow courtesies with a superior air; descend to the level of one considered inferior

adequate; severe and well deserved

seasonings; spices

express condolences; N. condolence: sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow

overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse

helpful; contributive; V. conduce; Ex. conduce to/towards

aqueduct; passageway for fluids

trusted friend

tell in confidence ; be confident about

self-assurance; calm unworried feeling based on a strong belief in one's abilities; strong belief in the ability of a person or plan; trust or faith in a person or thing; something confided; secret; Ex. confidence in your ability; Ex. I'm telling you this in confidence; Ex. exchange confidences about their boyfriends; ADJ. confident

spoken or written in secret; trusted with private matters; Ex. confidential secretary

shut in an enclosed space; restrict; keep within limits; N. confinement

seize; take possession of by official order ; commandeer

great fire

flowing together; the place where two rivers flow together; crowd; gathering together

harmony; agreement with established rules or customs; similarity; Ex. behave in conformity with; V. conform: be similar; act in agreement; comply; Ex. conform to the rule; CF. conformance

confuse; puzzle

freeze; coagulate

pleasant; friendly; in agreement with one's tastes and nature; Ex. congenial weather

existing at birth

corporation made up of several different companies in diversified fields; mass of various material gathered together; rock consisting of small stones held together by clay; V.

mass of material sticking together

correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship; CF. congruity

in agreement; harmonious; corresponding; coinciding exactly; CF. congruous

pine tree ; cone-bearing tree; ADJ. coniferous; CF. deciduous; CF. evergreen

surmise; guess; V.

pertaining to marriage

cause to appear by magic; summon by magical power; practice magic ; evoke; conjure up: bring into the mind; Ex. The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat.

pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assistance; permission to offend; V. connive: feign ignorance ; cooperate secretly in an illegal action; conspire

person competent to act as a judge of art, etc. ; a lover of an art

suggested or implied meaning of an expression; V. connote

pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state

having a common ancestor

kinship; relationship by birth

scrupulous; through and careful; Ex. conscientious worker

draftee; person forced into military service; V.

dedicate; sanctify; declare as sacred; Ex. consecrate one's life to helping the poor

general agreement; opinion reached by a group

self-important; significant; consequent; following as a result; Ex. consequential air; CF. subsequent

school of the fine arts ; glass-enclosed area; CF. conservancy

send to a person or place for sale; deliver officially; entrust; put into the care of another; set apart ; N. consignment; CF. consignor, consignee

absence of contradictions; uniformity; degree of thickness or firmness; Ex. consistency of thick cream; CF. viscous

lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort; allay the sorrow of; N. consolation

unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger; V. consolidate: merge; strengthen

harmony; agreement

harmonious; in agreement; N.

associate with; keep company; N: husband or wife

treacherous plot; secret plan against the law

take part in a conspiracy; work together; combine; Ex. Events conspired to produce great difficulties.

great shock; dismay

voters represented by an elected official; district so represented; group of supporters

supporter; voter; member of a constituency; component

constituting; system of laws; composition of something; physical makeup or structure of a person; Ex. men with strong constitutions

restraint; compulsion; repression of feelings; reticence; V. constrain: hold back; restrain; compel; oblige; confine forcibly; imprison

explain; interpret; Ex. construe her silence as meaning that she agreed; CF. misconstrue

complete; V.

infection ; ADJ. contagious; CF. infectious: that can be passed by infection in the air

pollute

scorn; disdain; ADJ. contemptuous; CF. contemptible

struggle; compete; assert earnestly; state strongly

assertion; claim; thesis; struggling; competition

quarrelsome; controversial; likely to cause arguments

dispute; argue about the rightness of; compete for; try to win; Ex. contest the election results; Ex. contest a seat in Parliament; N.

writings preceding and following the passage quoted; circumstance in which an event occurs

adjacent to; touching upon

self-restraint; sexual chastity; sexual abstinence; voluntary control over bladder and bowel functions; ADJ. continent

dependent on something uncertain or in the future; conditional; happening by chance; accidental; N: a group of soldiers, ships to a larger force; CF. contingency: future event that may or may not occur; possibility; Ex. prepare for every contingency

twistings; distortions; V. contort: twist violently out of shape; CF. contortionist

illegal trade; smuggling; smuggled goods; ADJ.

contradict; oppose; violate ; N. contravention

penitent; repentant; N. contrition

something contrived; machine or apparatus; clever deceitful plan; scheme

invent or fabricate in a clever way ; manage; Ex. contrive to attract his attention

unnatural and forced; artificial; not spontaneous; Ex. The ending was rather contrived.

oppose with arguments; attempt to refute; contradict; ADJ. controversial; N. controversy

stubborn and disobedient; resisting authority

bruise

riddle; difficult problem

come together; assemble; call to meet; Ex. convene the council

social or moral custom; established practice; formal meeting; international agreement

ordinary; typical; not nuclear; Ex. conventional weapons

approach; tend to meet; come together

familiar with; having knowledge of

opposite; ADJ.

one who has adopted a different religion or opinion; V: change into another form; adopt a particular religion or belief

curving outward

vehicle; transfer; act of conveying; Ex. public conveyance

judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief

pleasantly merry; festive; joyous; gay; characterized by joviality; jovial

call together; Ex. convoke Parliament; N. convocation

coiled around; twisted; involved; complicated; intricate; complex; N. convolution: twist; one of the convex folds of the surface of the brain

violent uncontrollable shaking movement ; V. convulse; ADJ. convulsive

plentiful

flirt; flirtatious woman; woman who tries to attract the admiration of men without sincere feelings; V.

warmly friendly; gracious; heartfelt; Ex. cordial welcome

extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress;

projecting molding on building

horn overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol of abundance; horn of plenty

natural consequence

bodily ; of a bodily form; material; tangible

very fat; N. corpulence

collection ; Ex. the corpus of Shakespear's works; Cf. corpse

red or white cell in the blood

either of the correlated things; V.

mutual relationship

confirm; support; strengthen

destroy or wear away gradually by chemical action

eating away by chemicals or disease; fierce

wrinkled; ridged

pertaining to the universe; vast