a. 진화의, 발달의
In evolutionary terms, selfless behavior to the potential benefit of others is quite absurd.
groundbreaking
a. 획기적인
Mutual passion can even help create things that are truly groundbreaking.
conjure
v. 생각해내다, 출연시키다
We are inclined to conjure an image of a character like Einstein, who wears an untidy suit.
stumble upon
~을 마주치다, 우연히 만나다
He, almost accidentally, stumbles upon his next “big idea.”
strain
v. 안간힘을 쓰다
They strained themselves to extract secrets from the solitary creative person.
novel
a. 새로운, 신기한
Creative people are very good at coming up with lots of novel ideas.
chronicle
n. 연대기
The Chronicles of Narnia and The Lord of the Rings were not solo works, authored by lone geniuses.
ideological
a. 이데올로기의, 관념학의
Tolkien was in a political and ideological struggle with his colleagues.
weird
a. 기묘한, 이상한
They also felt different because they had a weird hobby.
intimation
n. 암시
The Inklings is a pun showing that the members were both writers and people who were searching for “vague or imperfect intimations and ideas.”
in progress
진행 중인
They read aloud from their own works in progress.
provoke
v. (감정 따위를) 일으키다
Members soon became friends and critics simultaneously, encouraging, provoking, and enlightening one another.
scarcity
n. 부족, 결핍
The scarcity of similar souls set limits to the enlargement of the circle.
initially
ad. 처음으로, 최초로
The themes initially emerged during the Inklings meetings.
enthralling
a. 매혹하는, 사로잡는
Without the Inklings, these enthralling stories might not exist.
coherent
a. 시종 일관된, 통일성이 있는
It was the Inklings that converted Tolkien’s mythical ideas into a coherent narrative.
hangout
n. 단골집, 소굴
Café Guerbois was the favorite hangout for painters and intellectuals in Paris.
reminisce
v. 추억하다; 회상하다
Monet reminisces "You always went home afterwards better steeled for the fight, with a new sense of purpose and a clearer head."
perpetual
a. 끊임없는, 영속하는
Nothing could be more stimulating than the talks we had, with their perpetual clashes of opinion.
disinterested
a. 사욕이 없는
You spurred the others on to pursue genuine and disinterested inquiry.
contentious
a. 논쟁을 불러일으키는
It was in these contentious arguments that the group members were collectively provoked into achieving consensus about their emerging vision.
incorporate
v. 통합하다, 섞다
Monet incorporated the innovations into his paintings the most boldly.
definitive
a. 결정적인; 최종적인
The discoveries Monet and Renoir made while painting together are considered the definitive elements of the Impressionist style.
abound with
~로 그득하다, 풍부하다, 충만하다
History abounds with cases of fruitful collaboration.
summon
v. 소환하다, 소집하다
Scratching out line after line and filling in ideas for a new text, Pound helped summon the poem into being.
conceivable
a. 생각〔상상〕할 수 있는
These ideas were not conceivable without an extensive network of colleagues.
embed in
~에 끼워 넣다, ~에 뿌리박다
Albert Einstein’s contributions to modern physics were firmly embedded in international teams of scientists.
breakthrough
n. 획기적인 발견, 성공
It is group genius that generates breakthroughs and innovations.
cluster
v. (사람·짐승이) 모여들다, 몰려들다
Walking through Times Square, I was astonished to see about 1,000 people all clustered and staring up at something.
addiction
n. 중독
We might talk about the “me” generation, the addiction to selfies, or a general self-centered character in relation to all of these terms.
intriguing
a. 흥미를〔호기심을〕 자아내는
This would ignore their important differences and flatten out all the intriguing features of the landscape of the self.
indispensable
a. 없어서는 안 될, 절대 필요한
He thought that self-esteem was indispensable to us.
undertaking
n. (떠맡은) 일, 사업
In his writing, he called for sufficient self-respect or self-confidence to fit us for the undertakings that enrich our lives or those of others.
legitimately
ad. 합법적으로, 적법하게
There is such a thing as proper pride: the pleasure one might legitimately take in having accomplished something good.
contempt
n. 경멸, 모욕
Pride turns wicked only when it slips into an elevation of one’s self above others and a corresponding contempt for them.
indulge in
(취미·욕망 따위에) 빠지다, 탐닉하다
The vain person indulges in being flattered, even if the flattery is empty.
reassurance
n. 확신
A fear of falling short in the eyes of others results in a constant demand for reassurance.
censure
n. 비난, 질책
Vanity is often a better target for sympathy or pity than for censure.
resentment
n. 노함, 분개
We develop resentment about those who dispute our self-worth.
insecurity
n. 불안정, 불확실
Vanity is being overly concerned with the admiration of others and often arises from a fundamental insecurity.
conceited
a. 자만심이 강한, 잘난 체하는, 우쭐한
The conceited person is so sure of himself that reassurance from others becomes irrelevant.
hubris
n. 과도한 자부〔자만〕
Arrogance, excessive self-confidence, and hubris mark the path of conceit.
ensnare
v. 올가미에 걸다, 함정에 빠뜨리다
We encounter conceited people who are all too often ensnared by their own claims to leadership, wisdom, insight, and ability.
drive out
몰아내다, 추방하다
Self-love has driven out all other social emotions and concerns.
solipsistic
a. 자기중심적인
The narcissist is not so much conceited—where there is a relationship of arrogance or contempt towards other people—as solipsistic.
fantasize
v. 공상에 빠지다
We like to fantasize about being wealthy and famous, and we become easily dissatisfied with our less luxurious lives.
lavishly
ad. 낭비 버릇이 있게, 사치스럽게
Many of us in today’s society envy celebrities, yearning to live and spend lavishly.
mesmerize
v. ~에게 최면술을 걸다, 홀리게 하다, 매혹시키다
Perhaps we are all narcissists, mesmerized by our own image.
altruism
n. 이타주의
It is possible to imagine a reversal, a world where modesty and altruism reign.
crave
v. 열망〔갈망〕하다
For now, we can start to resist vanity by learning to live without craving the constant admiration of others.
condemnation
n. 비난
The word vanity itself carries its own condemnation.
virtuous
a. 덕행이 있는, 고결한
With a little effort, we can cultivate a virtuous sense of self-worth without submitting to an excess of self-love.
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