v. 제공하다, (음식을) 차려 내다
French fries, which are often served with fast foods, are one of the best known American side dishes.
instead of
∙∙∙ 대신에 Instead of French fries, the French have traditionally enjoyed roasted potatoes with chicken.
roast
v. (오븐이나 불에) 굽다
Instead of French fries, the French have traditionally enjoyed roasted potatoes with chicken.
relatively
ad. 비교적, 상대적으로
The potato has become such an important part of Western food culture that it is hard to believe that it has had such a relatively short history in Europe.
unfamiliar
a. 낯선, 익숙하지 않은
At first, European did not like this unfamiliar and alien food.
alien
a. 생경한, 이질적인, 외래의
At first, European did not like this unfamiliar and alien food.
devil
n. 악마
Some believed that potatoes were created by devils.
steadily
ad. 꾸준하게, 지속적으로
The potato gradually but steadily spread across Europe, as people learned how it could help them in times of war, bad weather, and desperate hunger.
desperate
a. 절망적인, 필사적인
After a series of desperate attempts, one man eventually found that Paris green, a toxic chemical used for making green paint, killed the beetles.
average
a. 보통의, 평균적인
The average European not only often went hungry, but sometimes even starve to death.
starve to death
굶어 죽다
The average European not only often went hungry, but sometimes even starve to death.
famine
n. 기근
The new variety of rice contributed to ending famine in this region.
decade
n. 10년
Many countries sufferred nationwide famines at least once every decade.
nutrition
n. 영양(분)
Throughout Europe, potatoes quicly became the main source of nutrition for the majority of common people.
majority
n. 대다수, 대부분
Throughout Europe, potatoes quicly became the main source of nutrition for the majority of common people.
take over
v. 점령하다, 차지하다
By the end of the 18th century, potatoes had taken over most European farms, and famine had become a rare and unusual incident.
rare
a. 드문, 희귀한
By the end of the 18th century, potatoes had taken over most European farms, and famine had become a rare and unusual incident.
incident
n. 사건, 사고, 일
By the end of the 18th century, potatoes had taken over most European farms, and famine had become a rare and unusual incident.
feed
v. ∙∙∙를 먹이다
At long last, Europe was able to feed itself.
inexpensive
a. 값싼, 비싸지 않은
Thanks to the fact that the potato was inexpensive and nutritious, many Europeans escaped famines, and the populations in European nations increased rapidly during the 19th century.
escape
v. 벗어나다, 탈출하다
Thanks to the fact that the potato was inexpensive and nutritious, many Europeans escaped famines, and the populations in European nations increased rapidly during the 19th century.
crop
n. 경작물, 농작물
It was easier to grow potatoes than many other crops, so fewer people were needed for farming.
manufacture
v. 제조하다
People who no longer worked on farms came to the cities and became factory workers, which enabled new manufacturing industries to grow more quickly.
venture
v. 모험하다
With the larger populations and more advanced technologies, European nations became powerful enough to venture into other parts of the world and colonize them.
colonize
v. ∙∙∙를 식민지로 만들다
With the larger populations and more advanced technologies, European nations became powerful enough to venture into other parts of the world and colonize them.
impact
n. 영향
The impact of the potato in Europe was not entirely positive.
excessively
ad. 지나치게, 과도하게
Because the people of Ireland were excessively dependent upon the potato for food, when a potato disease hit Europe in 1845, it led to a disastrous situation.
affect
v. ∙∙∙에게 영향을 주다
Many countries were affected, but Ireland suffered the most.
wipe out
휩쓸다, 완전히 파괴하다
In two months, a potato disease wiped out almost half of the potato crop in Ireland.
migrate
v. 이주하다
By 1852, two million Irish people had fled Ireland, and almost three-quarters of them had migrated to the United States.
deadly
a. 치명적인, 죽음의
Irish famine was one of the deadliest famines in history.
outcome
n. 결과
Despite the terrible outcome of the potato disease in Europe, it was perhaps less important in the potato's history than the Colorado potato beetle was in North America.
beetle
n. 딱정벌레(와 비슷한 곤충)
In the 1860s, the potato beetle was carried by horses and cows from Mexico to the state of Colorado in the United States.
steamship
n. 증기선
In Colorado, potato beetle attacked potatoes and spread quickly when potatoes were shipped to other parts of the country on trains and steamships.
vulnerable
a. 취약한, 영향받기 쉬운
American farmers had only planted a few varieties of potatoes, and the potatoes that they planted were extremely vulnerable to the pest.
defenseless
a. 무방비의, 방어할 수 없는
Farmers were practically defenseless against the potato beetle.
pest
n. 해충
A farmer accidentally found a chemical material that kills pests.
chemical
n. 화학 물질
Chemists decided to try other chemicals for other problems.
substance
n. 물질
Scientists began to do research and discover chemicals and substances that were effective for many different agricultural problems.
agricultural
a. 농업의
The major agricultural product of this region is corn.
seemingly
ad. 겉보기에는, 표면적으로
Often, the course of history is changed by seemingly insignificant things.
insignificant
a. 중요하지 않은, 사소한
Often, the course of history is changed by seemingly insignificant things.
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